CN105123612A - 湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法 - Google Patents
湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123612A CN105123612A CN201510529710.8A CN201510529710A CN105123612A CN 105123612 A CN105123612 A CN 105123612A CN 201510529710 A CN201510529710 A CN 201510529710A CN 105123612 A CN105123612 A CN 105123612A
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Abstract
本发明涉及湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括羊舍建造、配种繁殖、羔羊管理、育肥期管理和病虫害防治。湖羊产羔羊后进入羔羊期管理，60日龄后即可放入羊舍进行养殖；育肥期管理，饲料每天饲喂2-3次，养殖至8月龄时，体重可达70kg以上。本发明的养殖方法可以降低湖羊养殖成本，提高湖羊在亚热带地区、特别是广西地区的适应性；能显著提高湖羊的繁殖性能、产肉性能和产毛性能；具有养殖风险小、养殖周期短、效益高等特点，为广西地区进行大规模湖羊养殖奠定了基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物养殖技术领域，特别是涉及一种湖羊在亚热带地区的人工养殖方法。
背景技术
湖羊是我国一级保护地方畜禽品种，具有早熟、四季发情、两年三胎、每胎多羔、泌乳性能好、生长发育快、改良后有理想产肉性能、耐高温高湿等优良性状。产区主要在浙江、江苏间的太湖流域，所以称为“湖羊”。在2000年和2006年先后两次被农业部被列入了《国家畜禽遗传资源保护目录》。湖羊为稀有白色羔皮羊品种，具有产肉性能好，耐高温高湿等优良性状，产后1～2日宰剥的小湖羊皮花纹美观，在国外市场素有“东方软宝石”之美称。湖羊具短脂尾型特征，公、母羊均无角，体躯长，四肢高，毛色洁白，脂尾扁圆形。泌乳量多，羔羊生长迅速。成年羊每年春、秋剪毛两次。湖羊在太湖平原经过长期驯养，具有性成熟早、产羔多、适应性强、生长快、成熟早、繁殖率高、耐湿热、耐粗饲、宜圈养等优艮性状。小湖羊皮是我国传统出口特产之一，它与其它绵羊羔皮不同，初生的羊羔毛色洁白、光泽很强、有天然波浪花纹、皮板轻软，是世界上稀有的一种白色羔皮，硝制后可感染成各种颜色，制成妇女的各式翻毛大衣、披肩、帽子、围巾等，深受国外消费者欢迎。小湖羊皮畅销欧洲、北美洲、日本、澳大利亚和港澳等地。
目前，人们在养殖湖羊时，一般情况下都是饲喂草料、玉米、麦麸、豆粕、米糠等，由于饲养户及养殖场在饲养投喂的饲料单一，根本满足不了湖羊生长发育及营养的需求，极易造成湖羊的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质及各种维生素及微量元素的缺乏，影响湖羊的生长发育，导致饲养周期长、出栏率低。而且，湖羊过去只能在长江以北或者气候稍冷的地方养殖，一般为放养。因此，将湖羊转移至亚热带地区养殖，特别是在广西地区圈养时，如何克服湖羊转移到气温较高、冬天气温不低的地区养殖环境的适应性，以及确保湖羊在高温地区圈养时如何提高湖羊的繁殖率、成活率、生长性能、抗病性能是需要进一步需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，该方法可以降低湖羊养殖成本，提高湖羊在亚热带地区、特别是广西地区的适应性；能显著提高湖羊的繁殖性能、产肉性能和产毛性能；具有养殖风险小、养殖周期短、效益高等特点，为广西地区进行大湖羊规模养殖奠定了基础。
本发明是这样实现的：
一种湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括羊舍建造、配种繁殖、羔羊管理、育肥期管理和病虫害防治，具体步骤如下：
所述的羊舍建造选择在坐北朝南、地势高、干燥、排水良好、阴凉的地方，在离地面30-50cm处建造羊床，羊床采用竹条铺设漏缝式地板，地板缝隙为1.1-1.2cm，羊床下面用水泥或石板砌成斜坡，在羊舍的墙外设置粪沟；羊舍内设置一道双栏式结构走道，走道宽1.5-2.5m，羊舍内设有料槽，羊舍墙壁上安装有饮水装置及散热装置，单个羊舍面积为5-7m*4.5-6m；
所述的配种繁殖为选择体质健壮、精力充沛、体型高大、发育良好、精液质量好、具有良好配种能力、体重65kg以上的公湖羊；选择发育良好、性情温顺、乳房发育均匀、腹围大、体重50kg以上的母湖羊；母湖羊在配种期间，需要用试情公湖羊对母湖羊早晚试情，发现发情母湖羊立即配种，第一次配种后间隔8-10小时复配一次，配种采用人工授精的方式，配种前先检测公湖羊精液的活力及精子数量，精液达到标准就进行配种；在配种繁殖期，公湖羊饲喂量为精料每天450-500g/只，青绿饲料每天8-9kg/只；妊娠期母湖羊饲喂量为精料每天250-300g/只，青绿饲料每天7-8kg/只；
所述的羔羊管理是在羊棚进行，羔羊出生半小时后喂其初乳；羔羊出生10天后让其自由采食开口料，20日龄开始喂食精料，30日龄后喂食草料为主；50-60日龄、体重达15kg的羔羊就断奶，对出生后的羔羊要及时注射疫苗；
所述的育肥期管理是羔羊断奶后，将不作种羊用的羔羊挑选出来放在一起集中育肥，羔羊育肥前均应进行健康检查，无病羔羊方可进行育肥；育肥时，精料饲喂量为2-3月龄湖羊每天100-200g/只，4-6月龄湖羊每天200-300g/只；青绿饲料每天5-7kg/只；精料和青绿均为每天饲喂2-3次；育肥期间，每半个月给羊称重一次，以检测育肥效果，并根据每次称重结果，进行比较分析，发现问题及时调整饲料配方和饲喂量；
所述疾病的防治，在于加强饲养管理、搞好消毒工作，对羊舍、食具、水具要经常打扫、清洗、消毒，每周消毒一次；饲料要干净，无霉烂变质；春秋两季要在饲料中加入防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%；阴雨天时在饲料中加入防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%，对患病的湖羊要及时隔离治疗。
以上所述开口料的制备方法为将玉米50份、黄豆30份和大麦10份粉碎后按比例投入混合机混合搅拌均匀，然后放入调制器在90～100℃的温度下熟化30～60分钟，再加入食盐0.1份和钙粉0.1份混合均匀后冷却、粉碎、造粒后即得。
以上所述的精料包括以下重量份数的原料：木薯渣15－20份、玉米1－3份、豆粕1－3份、麦麸0.1－0.5份、食盐0.1－0.5份、钙粉0.1-0.3份、黄柏0.1-0.3份、黄连0.1-0.3份、黄芩0.1-0.3份、糖蜜0.1－0.3份、微量元素0.1-0.3份、多维粉0.01-0.05份、腐殖酸钠0.01-0.05份、鱼肝油0.001-0.003份、有益菌0.01-0.05份。
以上所述的青绿饲料为青干草、黑麦草、狼尾草、高丹草、三叶草、野草、桂牧Ⅰ号、稻草或玉米秆。
以上所述的防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂包括以下重量份数的原料：黄柏20－30份、黄连20－30份、黄芩20－30份、生姜5－10份、白头翁5－10份、石榴皮2－4份、大蒜2－4份、红糖0.5－1.0份。
以上所述的防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分包括以下重量份数的原料：生姜5-10份，甘草5-10份，板蓝根5-10份，生地黄5-10份，紫苏5-10份，黄芩10-15份。
所述的防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂和防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分的各个原料可以从中药手册中查到，其中：
黄柏，【别名】川黄柏，【拉丁文名】PhellodendronchinenseSchneid.为芸香科植物黄柏或黄皮树的树皮，分布于陕西南部、浙江、江西、湖北、四川、贵州、云南、广西等地。【性味】甘，寒。黄柏含小檗碱、药根碱、木兰花碱、黄柏碱、N-甲基大麦芽碱、掌叶防己碱、蝙蝠葛碱等生物碱;另含黄柏酮、黄柏内酯、白鲜交酯、黄柏酮酸、青萤光酸、7-脱氢豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇。根皮含小檗碱、药根碱、黄柏碱、N-甲基大麦芽碱。木材也含小檗碱。新鲜叶含黄柏甙、脱氢黄柏甙、脱氢异黄柏甙、异黄柏甙。干燥叶含金丝桃甙，不含黄柏甙。对治疗湖羊寄生虫病有显著的效果。①《本草拾遗》：主热疮疱起，虫疮，痢，下血，杀蛀虫；煎服，主消渴。②《日华子本草》：安心除劳，治骨蒸，洗肝，明目，多泪，口干，心热，杀疳虫，治蛔心痛，疥癣，蜜炙治鼻洪，肠风，泻血，后分急热肿痛。
黄连，【别名】黄连、川连、姜连、川黄连、姜黄连、姜川连、姜制黄连、萸连、萸黄连、炒黄连等；【拉丁文】CoptischinensisFranch.；多年生草本植物，喜冷凉、湿润之处，属毛莨科黄连属，分布于四川、贵州、湖南、湖北、陕西南部等地。【性味】苦，寒。【功能主治】清热燥湿，泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满，呕吐吞酸，泻痢，黄疸，高热神昏，心火亢盛，心烦不寐，血热吐衄，目赤，牙痛，消渴，痈肿疔疮；外治湿疹，湿疮，耳道流脓。①《神农本草经》：味苦，寒。主治热气，目痛，眦伤，泣出，明目，肠澼，腹痛，下痢，妇人阴中肿痛。久服令人不忘。②《本草衍义》：今人多用治痢，盖执以苦燥之义。下俚但见肠虚渗泄，微似有血便，即用之，更不知止。又不顾寒热多少，但以尽剂为度，由是多致危困。若气实初病，热多血痢，服之便止，仍不必尽剂也。或虚而冷，则不须服。余如《经》。③《开宝本草》：味苦，微寒，无毒。五脏冷热，久下泄澼、脓血，止消渴，大惊，除水利骨，调胃，厚肠，益胆，疗口疮。
黄岑，【别名】山茶根、土金茶根；【拉丁文】ScutellariabaicalensisGeorgi，多年生草本植物；分布于河北、辽宁、陕西、山东、内蒙古、黑龙江等地；【性味】味苦，气平，性寒；【功能主治】主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、肺热咳嗽、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、高血压、痈肿疖疮等症。①《纲目》：《本经》：主诸热黄疸，肠僻，泄利，逐水，下血闭，（治）恶疮，疽蚀，火疡。②《别录》：疗痰热，胃中热，小腹绞痛，消谷，利小肠，女子血闭，淋露下血，小儿腹痛。③《医学启源》：黄芩，洽肺中湿热，疗上热目中肿赤，瘀血垄盛，必用之药。泄肺中火邪上逆于隔上，补膀恍之寒永不足，乃滋其化源。
生姜，【别名】姜根、百辣云、勾装指、因地辛、炎凉小子、鲜生姜、蜜炙姜、姜皮、姜银、百辣云；【拉丁文】ZingiberofficinaleRoscoe.；是姜科多年生草本植物姜（ZingiberofficinaleRoscoe）的新鲜根茎；性味功效：辛、微温。能开胃止呕，化痰止咳，发汗解表，温中止呕，解鱼蟹毒，解药毒。药理作用1、对消化系统的作用：生姜是治疗盐酸-乙醇性溃疡的有效药物，其有效成分为姜烯，具有保护胃黏膜细胞的作用．在芳香健胃生药中，特别是姜科植物中多含有姜烯等萜类精油成分，是健胃生药的有效成分之一。2、对循环系统和呼吸系统的作用：生姜醇提取物对麻醉猫血管运动中枢及呼吸中枢有兴奋作用，对心脏也有直接兴奋作用。正常人口嚼生姜1g（不咽下），可使收缩压平均升高1.489kPa（11.2mmHg），舒张压上升1.862kPa（14mmHg），对脉率则无明显影响。3、抗病原微生物作用：生姜提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌、宋内痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌均有明显抑制作用，其作用与浓度呈依赖关系。尤以金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强。4、其他作用：生姜泥和生姜浸出液对创伤愈合有明显的促进作用．生姜汁液能在一定程度上抑制癌细胞生长．在一些抗肿瘤药物中加入生姜提取物能减轻肿瘤药物的副作用。生姜在模拟胃液条件下对亚硝化反应有明显阻断作用，其抑制亚硝酸合成的有效成分对热稳定，在沸水中加热相当长时间后，仍保持相当强活性。生姜提取物具有抗过敏的药效，能防止过敏性休克，预防某些鱼类蛋白质引起的荨麻疹。①《名医别录》：味辛，微温。主治伤寒头痛、鼻塞、咳逆上气，止呕吐。又，生姜，微温，辛，归五藏。去痰，下气，止呕吐，除风邪寒热。久服小志少智，伤心气。②《本草拾遗》：本功外，汁解毒药，自余破血，调中，去冷，除痰，开胃。须热即去皮，要冷即留皮。③《药性赋》：味辛，性温，无毒。升也，阳也。其用有四：制半夏有解毒之功，佐大枣有厚肠之说。温经散表邪之风，益气止胃翻之哕。
白头翁，【拉丁名】Pulsatillachinensis(Bunge)Regel.，毛茛科植物，多年生草本，白头翁味苦，性寒；归胃、大肠经，具有清热解毒，凉血止痢，燥湿杀虫的功效。白头翁根含白头翁皂甙、A、B、C、D，3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-3β，23-二羟基-△20（29）-羽扇豆烯-28-酸、白头翁皂甙、胡萝卜甙、白桦脂酸、白头翁素、原白头翁素，对防治湖羊寄生虫病具有显著的效果。
石榴皮，【别名】石榴壳、酸石榴皮、酸榴皮，【拉丁名】PomegranateRind，是石榴科植物石榴的果皮，在我国大部分地区都有分布，是一种资源十分丰富的植物；【性味】酸涩，温，【功能主治】涩肠，止血，驱虫；治久泻、久痢、便血、脱肛、滑精、崩漏、带下、虫积腹痛、疥癣。石榴皮煎剂有驱肠虫作用。其机理系作用于寄生虫的肌肉，使其陷于持续收缩，而具驱虫之效。另外，石榴皮含多含糅质，当它们与粘膜、创面等接触后，能沉淀或凝固局部的蛋白质，使在表面形成较为致密的保护层，有助于局部创面愈合或保护局部免受刺激。
大蒜，【别名】蒜头、大蒜头、胡蒜、葫、独蒜、独头蒜；是蒜类植物的统称，半年生草本植物。【拉丁名】AlliumsativumL.大蒜营养丰富：每100克含水分69.8克，蛋白质4.4克，脂肪0.2克，碳水化合物23.6克，钙5毫克，磷44毫克，铁0.4毫克，维生素C3毫克。此外，还含有硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸、蒜素、柠檬醛以及硒和锗等微量元素。含挥发油约0.2%，油中主要成分为大蒜辣素，具有杀菌作用，是大蒜中所含的蒜氨酸受大蒜酶的作用水解产生；还含多种烯丙基、丙基和甲基组成的硫醚化合物等。大蒜中含硫化合物具有较强的抗菌消炎作用，对多种球菌、杆菌、真菌和病毒等均有抑制和杀灭作用。现代研究发现，大蒜的挥发油、汁、浸出液及蒜素对多种球菌、杆菌（如百日咳等）、霉菌、真菌（如隐球菌脑膜炎等）、病毒等均有抑制和杀灭作用。
红糖是甘蔗为原料，榨汁后不需要经过硫熏、不脱色等工艺制成的原糖，红糖性温、味甘、入脾，具有益气补血、健脾暖胃、缓中止痛、活血化淤的作用。未经过精炼的红糖保留了较多甘蔗的营养成分，也更加容易被湖羊消化吸收，因此能快速补充体力、增加活力，其中不仅含有可提供热能的碳水化合物，还含有苹果酸、核黄素、胡萝卜素、烟酸和微量元素锰、锌、铬等各种元素。据分析，每100克的红糖含钙90毫克，是白糖的3倍；含铁4毫克，为白糖的3倍。
甘草，【别名】甜草根、红甘草、粉甘草、乌拉尔甘草，【拉丁名】GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.甘草属多年生草本，根与根状茎粗壮，是一种补益中草药。甘草含有多种化学成分，主要成分有甘草酸、甘草甙等。甘草的化学组成极为复杂，目前为止从甘草中分离出的化合物有甘草甜素、甘草次酸、甘草甙、异甘草甙、新甘草甙、新异甘草甙、甘草素、异甘草素以及甘草西定、甘草醇、异甘草醇、7-甲基香豆精、伞形花内酯等数十种化合物。大量的研究表明，甘草甜素和黄酮类物质是甘草中最重要的生理活性物质，主要存在于甘草根表皮以内的部分。甘草性平、味甜，是一味补气益脾的中药，在中药里面，甘草的作用很多，除具有补气、益脾之外，还具有清热解毒、通淋利尿的功能。甘草能缓急，还能起到对诸药的调和作用。
板蓝根，【别名】菘蓝、山蓝、大蓝根、马蓝根、蓝龙根、土龙根，大靛，【拉丁名】Isatistinctoria.板蓝根为十字花科植物菘蓝的干燥根。研究表明，板蓝根的根茎提取物通过限制病毒分裂而起到对甲型禽流感病毒，乙型禽流感病毒的抑制杀灭作用，其提取物的水溶液对普通感冒病毒有抑制作用。对流行性乙型脑膜炎病毒有抑制和杀灭作用。
生地黄，【别名】地黄、生地、地髓、原生地、干生地、苄、芑、牛奶子，【拉丁名】Rehmanniaglutinosa(Gaetn.)Libosch.exFisch.etMey.多年生直立草本植物，味甘、苦,性寒。生地黄清热凉血，养阴，生津；用于热病烦渴、发斑发疹、阴虚内热、吐血、衄血、糖尿病、传染性肝炎。干地黄中有15种氨基酸，其中丙氨酸含量最高。地黄中还含有铁、锌、锰、铬等20多种微量元素。
紫苏，【别名】桂荏、白苏、赤苏、红苏、黑苏、白紫苏、青苏、苏麻、水升麻，【拉丁名】erillafrutescens(L.)Britt.为唇形科一年生草本植物。1、紫苏既能发汗散寒以解表邪，又能行气宽中、解郁止呕，故对风寒表症而兼见胸闷呕吐症状的，使用本品，很是适宜；或无表症而有气滞不畅症状的，也可用于宣通。如配藿香、陈皮则解表和中，配半夏、厚朴则解郁宽胸。2、用于感冒风寒：紫苏能散表寒，发汗力较强，用于风寒表症，见恶寒、发热、无汗等症，常配生姜同用；如表症兼有气滞，有可与香附、陈皮等同用。3、用于胸闷、呕恶等症：紫苏用于脾胃气滞、胸闷、呕恶，不论有无表症，均可应用，都是取其行气宽中的作用，临床常与藿香配伍应用。
本发明突出的实质性特点和显著的进步是：
1、本发明的养殖方法可以降低湖羊养殖成本，提高湖羊在亚热带地区、特别是广西地区的适应性；能显著提高湖羊的繁殖性能、产肉性能和产毛性能；具有养殖风险小、养殖周期短、效益高等特点，为广西地区进行大规模湖羊养殖奠定了基础。
2、湖羊繁殖性能好，本发明养殖的湖羊性成熟早，四季发情、繁殖力高，有“当年生，当年配，当年产羔”的特点，可两年3胎，每胎产羔2～3只；泌乳性能好，羔羊生长迅速，头胎双羔率为65%，平均产羔率238%，初生平均体重3.56kg，哺乳母羊日泌乳量1kg左右，能满足羔羊的需求。
3、本发明养殖的湖羊产肉性能好，羔羊生长快，60日龄断奶平均体重公羔27.5kg、母羔23.6kg；8个月龄的成年羊体重公羊达66.8kg，母羊43.2kg；屠宰后净肉率38%以上、净毛率60%以上。
4、本发明湖羊养殖方法，涵盖面广，从配种到育成进行了详细介绍，减少了养殖周期，提高了人工养殖的产量；所采用的管理模式具有先进性和示范性，有利于进行人工养殖湖羊的推广，为湖羊人工养殖的科学化、规模化打下了扎实的基础。
5、本发明在湖羊饲料中添加防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂和防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分，能有有效的去除湖羊体内的寄生虫及防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分，提高湖羊的肉质、毛质，极大的提高了养殖湖羊的经济效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括羊舍建造、配种繁殖、羔羊管理、育肥期管理和病虫害防治，具体步骤如下：
所述的羊舍建造选择在坐北朝南、地势高、干燥、排水良好、阴凉的地方，在离地面30-50cm处建造羊床，羊床采用竹条铺设漏缝式地板，地板缝隙为1.1-1.2cm，羊床下面用水泥或石板砌成斜坡，在羊舍的墙外设置粪沟；羊舍内设置一道双栏式结构走道，走道宽1.5-2.5m，羊舍内设有料槽，羊舍墙壁上安装有饮水装置及散热装置，单个羊舍面积为5-7m*4.5-6m；
所述的配种繁殖为选择体质健壮、精力充沛、体型高大、发育良好、精液质量好、具有良好配种能力、体重65kg以上的公湖羊；选择发育良好、性情温顺、乳房发育均匀、腹围大、体重50kg以上的母湖羊；母湖羊在配种期间，需要用试情公湖羊对母湖羊早晚试情，发现发情母湖羊立即配种，第一次配种后间隔8-10小时复配一次，配种采用人工授精的方式，配种前先检测公湖羊精液的活力及精子数量，精液达到标准就进行配种；在配种繁殖期，公湖羊饲喂量为精料每天450-500g/只，青绿饲料每天8-9kg/只；妊娠期母湖羊饲喂量为精料每天250-300g/只，青绿饲料每天7-8kg/只；
所述的羔羊管理是在羊棚进行，羔羊出生半小时后喂其初乳；羔羊出生10天后让其自由采食开口料，20日龄开始喂食精料，30日龄后喂食草料为主；50-60日龄、体重达15kg的羔羊就断奶，对出生后的羔羊要及时注射疫苗；
所述的育肥期管理是羔羊断奶后，将不作种羊用的羔羊挑选出来放在一起集中育肥，羔羊育肥前均应进行健康检查，无病羔羊方可进行育肥；育肥时，精料饲喂量为2-3月龄湖羊每天100-200g/只，4-6月龄湖羊每天200-300g/只；青绿饲料每天5-7kg/只；精料和青绿均为每天饲喂2-3次；育肥期间，每半个月给羊称重一次，以检测育肥效果，并根据每次称重结果，进行比较分析，发现问题及时调整饲料配方和饲喂量；
所述疾病的防治，在于加强饲养管理、搞好消毒工作，对羊舍、食具、水具要经常打扫、清洗、消毒，每周消毒一次；饲料要干净，无霉烂变质；春秋两季要在饲料中加入防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%；阴雨天时在饲料中加入防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%，对患病的湖羊要及时隔离治疗。
应用实施例
本发明在南宁市横县某湖羊养殖厂实施试用，选择健康的湖羊80只，按照公母比例为2:6，随机分为10组，每组8只，记录湖羊的日增重、产仔量、出生个体均重及净肉率，出生个体均重等数据，结果如下：
表1湖羊平均日增重情况表
由试验结果可以看出，本发明的养殖方法有明显的增重作用；同时，本发明的采用的饲料还表现出适口性好、功能性强的特点，且在120天中无任何不良反应，健壮活泼，活动力强，体质健壮。
表2湖羊性能情况表
| 项目 | 第2组 | 第5组 | 第6组 | 第8组 |
| 平均产羔率（%） | 235 | 228 | 235 | 240 |
| 羔羊成活率（%） | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| 出生个体均重（kg/只） | 3.56 | 3.62 | 3.67 | 3.74 |
| 净肉率（%） | 39 | 41 | 40 | 38 |
| 净毛率（%） | 62 | 63 | 63 | 61 |
由表2可知，采用本发明湖羊的养殖方法，够明显提高湖羊的平均产羔率、羔羊成活率、出生个体均重、净肉率及净毛率。
Claims (5)
1.一种湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括羊舍建造、配种繁殖、羔羊管理、育肥期管理和病虫害防治，具体步骤如下：
所述的羊舍建造选择在坐北朝南、地势高、干燥、排水良好、阴凉的地方，在离地面30-50cm处建造羊床，羊床采用竹条铺设漏缝式地板，地板缝隙为1.1-1.2cm，羊床下面用水泥或石板砌成斜坡，在羊舍的墙外设置粪沟；羊舍内设置一道双栏式结构走道，走道宽1.5-2.5m，羊舍内设有料槽，羊舍墙壁上安装有饮水装置及散热装置，单个羊舍面积为5-7m*4.5-6m；
所述的配种繁殖为选择体质健壮、精力充沛、体型高大、发育良好、精液质量好、具有良好配种能力、体重65kg以上的公湖羊；选择发育良好、性情温顺、乳房发育均匀、腹围大、体重50kg以上的母湖羊；母湖羊在配种期间，需要用试情公湖羊对母湖羊早晚试情，发现发情母湖羊立即配种，第一次配种后间隔8-10小时复配一次，配种采用人工授精的方式，配种前先检测公湖羊精液的活力及精子数量，精液达到标准就进行配种；在配种繁殖期，公湖羊饲喂量为精料每天450-500g/只，青绿饲料每天8-9kg/只；妊娠期母湖羊饲喂量为精料每天250-300g/只，青绿饲料每天7-8kg/只；
所述的羔羊管理是在羊棚进行，羔羊出生半小时后喂其初乳；羔羊出生10天后让其自由采食开口料，20日龄开始喂食精料，30日龄后喂食草料为主；50-60日龄、体重达15kg的羔羊就断奶，对出生后的羔羊要及时注射疫苗；
所述的育肥期管理是羔羊断奶后，将不作种羊用的羔羊挑选出来放在一起集中育肥，羔羊育肥前均应进行健康检查，无病羔羊方可进行育肥；育肥时，精料饲喂量为2-3月龄湖羊每天100-200g/只，4-6月龄湖羊每天200-300g/只；青绿饲料每天5-7kg/只；精料和青绿均为每天饲喂2-3次；育肥期间，每半个月给羊称重一次，以检测育肥效果，并根据每次称重结果，进行比较分析，发现问题及时调整饲料配方和饲喂量；
所述疾病的防治，在于加强饲养管理、搞好消毒工作，对羊舍、食具、水具要经常打扫、清洗、消毒，每周消毒一次；饲料要干净，无霉烂变质；春秋两季要在饲料中加入防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%；阴雨天时在饲料中加入防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分，添加量为饲料重量的1%-3%，对患病的湖羊要及时隔离治疗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述开口料的制备方法为将玉米50份、黄豆30份和大麦10份粉碎后按比例投入混合机混合搅拌均匀，然后放入调制器在90～100℃的温度下熟化30～60分钟，再加入食盐0.1份和钙粉0.1份混合均匀后冷却、粉碎、造粒后即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的精料包括以下重量份数的原料：木薯渣15－20份、玉米1－3份、豆粕1－3份、麦麸0.1－0.5份、食盐0.1－0.5份、钙粉0.1-0.3份、黄柏0.1-0.3份、黄连0.1-0.3份、黄芩0.1-0.3份、糖蜜0.1－0.3份、微量元素0.1-0.3份、多维粉0.01-0.05份、腐殖酸钠0.01-0.05份、鱼肝油0.001-0.003份、有益菌0.01-0.05份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的防治湖羊寄生虫病的中药制剂包括以下重量份数的原料：黄柏20－30份、黄连20－30份、黄芩20－30份、生姜5－10份、白头翁5－10份、石榴皮2－4份、大蒜2－4份、红糖0.5－1.0份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的湖羊在亚热带地区的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的防治湖羊风寒感冒的中药组分包括以下重量份数的原料：生姜5-10份，甘草5-10份，板蓝根5-10份，生地黄5-10份，紫苏5-10份，黄芩10-15份。
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