CN105123181B - A method of plateau reservoir drawdown band is repaired using Paspalum distichum - Google Patents
A method of plateau reservoir drawdown band is repaired using Paspalum distichum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, water logging experiment is simulated to detect Paspalum distichum to the adaptability of falling zone water logging environment by the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum, determines that Paspalum distichum is still survived after undergoing long-time water logging；Then Paspalum distichum is introduced a fine variety onto plateau reservoir drawdown band；Daily fertilizer and water management is carried out after successful introduction to Paspalum distichum.The present invention has found plant-Paspalum distichum of suitable plateau reservoir drawdown band environment by systematic research; the long-term water logging of plateau reservoir drawdown band can either be resistant to and grown in long-term exposed habitat after water logging; there is certain biomass again; and there is certain landscape value, there is certain protective effect to the soil erosion of plateau reservoir drawdown band.Cultural method of the Paspalum distichum provided by the invention on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau, so that Paspalum distichum not only has high transplanting survival rate, it can also efficient on falling zone, stalwartness growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reservoir drawdown band restorative procedures, and in particular to a kind of to utilize Paspalum distichum to reservoir drawdown band
The method repaired, belongs to environmental protection technical field.
Background technique
Paspalum distichum (Paspalum distichum L.), grass family ditch millet platymiscium.It is perennial.Stolon it is horizontal walk, slightly
It is strong, it is up to 1m, the upward high 20-40cm of upstanding portion, saves raw pubescence.Leaf sheath is shorter than internode, and back has ridge, and edge or top are soft
Hair；The tip of a leaf long 2-3mm, it is hairless；Blade lanceolar, long 5-15cm, wide 3-7mm are hairless.2 pieces of raceme to company, long 2-6cm；
The wide 1.5-2mm of cob.
It is particularly suitable for the growth of Paspalum distichum since its growing environment is wet in rice cropping region, is consequently belonging to endanger
A kind of weeds of rice yield need periodically to extract.But the Paspalum distichum under not all growing environment is all weeds.It is double
Fringe ditch millet can also be used as herbage and be harvested.And the beneficial effect of Paspalum distichum is also reported in relation to patent.
It is " a kind of that Paspalum distichum is planted on lead-zinc ore tailings that application No. is 201210485565.4 Chinese invention patents
A method " text discloses the raised growth by Paspalum distichum, can play a protective role to Pb-Zn tailings surface, reduces copper tail
The content of heavy metal in mine, it is often more important that Pb-Zn tailings can be prevented to be acidified, to stablize the physics and chemistry of Pb-Zn tailings
Matter is stablized.In addition, large stretch of green vegetation also can visually bring aesthetic feeling, change the look and image of Tailings Dam.
Application No. is 200510099758.6 Chinese invention patent, " a kind of Paspalum distichum is to chromium-polluted soil and water body
A bioremediation technology " text is disclosed by Paspalum distichum plantation in the soil or water by pollution of chromium, using earth culture or water planting,
5~50cm of spacing is planted, chromium is enriched in Paspalum distichum and carries out biological prosthetic, the content of chromium in reduction soil or water body.
Application No. is 201310075038.0 Chinese invention patent, " a kind of Paspalum distichum is biological floating bed and its in purification sea
Application in a water cultivation water " text disclose it is biological floating bed using Paspalum distichum, if frame and restoration of the ecosystem biology, efficiently net
Change the pollutant generated in breeding process, improve pond ecological environment, breeding water body eutrophication and red tide is inhibited to occur, is fish
The growth of shrimp provides the habitat of Clean and comfortable and gives shade place.It can be applied in purifying sea water cultivation water.
But it also finds no and closes Paspalum distichum and offset and fall the report that band is repaired.
Since reservoir drawdown band is the region that the fluctuation of water level periodicity is formed on waters periphery, have waters and land dual
Attribute is controlled by the gradation of moisture for a long time, is a kind of special seasonal wetland ecosystem, is maintaining the land and water ecosystem dynamic
State balance, maintenance bio-diversity, ecological safety, Ecosystem Service etc. all play a significant role, and vegetation is that reservoir disappears
Band important component is fallen, is the main body of its function.Therefore, reinforce the research to reservoir drawdown band plant, to reservoir drawdown band
It administers significant with restoration of the ecosystem etc..
But the restoration of the ecosystem of reservoir drawdown band is global problem, in the selection of reservoir drawdown band phytoremediation plant
It is the most key one of technology again.There is also following deficiencies for the ecological reestablishment of existing reservoir drawdown band:
1) ecological reestablishment of reservoir drawdown band lacks；
2) more difficult in the selection of reservoir drawdown band restoration of the ecosystem plant, hardly possible finds the plant of suitable reservoir drawdown band, both
It can satisfy the long-term water logging of reservoir drawdown band and long-term exposed habitat growth, there is certain biomass again, disappear to reservoir
The landscape ecological and soil erosion for falling band have certain effect.
And plateau reservoir drawdown band is different from general reservoir drawdown band, plateau reservoir drawdown band is with typically belonging to karst
Looks feature, soil is barrenr, while most of reservoirs are valley type reservoirs, and reservoir level variation is also larger.And it is right at present
It is also fewer in the research that plateau reservoir drawdown band is repaired using plant.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provide it is a kind of using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band carry out
The method of reparation passes through the simulated experiment of the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum, it was demonstrated that Paspalum distichum is to be suitble to plateau reservoir drawdown band
One of restoration of the ecosystem plant, Paspalum distichum is cultivated and is taken in plateau reservoir reparation, can effectively be disappeared to plateau reservoir
It falls band and carries out restoration of the ecosystem.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A method of plateau reservoir drawdown band is repaired using Paspalum distichum, is included the following steps:
1) water logging experiment is simulated by the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum to detect Paspalum distichum to falling zone water logging environment
Adaptability determines that the Paspalum distichum for being planted in falling zone is resistant to long-term water logging stress；
2) then Paspalum distichum is introduced a fine variety to cultivating on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau；
3) daily fertilizer and water management is carried out after successful introduction to Paspalum distichum.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the detection Paspalum distichum pair
The specific method of the adaptability of falling zone water logging environment the following steps are included:
(1) Paspalum distichum is carried out to long-term water logging experiment in winter
The Paspalum distichum cultivated is placed in diameter 62cm, high 82cm is filled in the plastic barrel of clear water, Paspalum distichum top
It is 0.3m away from water surface elevation；
Since October, test up to the complete water logging of 180d, using the plant without water logging as control, plant
It is long that plant height in ecological index, total number of sheets and total leaf are first measured after complete water logging 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d and 180d, are surveyed
Its biomass is measured after having determined again, root system living is taken to measure root activity, the stem for randomly selecting survival measures its mda content；
Then the root of drying is taken out, crushes, measures the content of its total Soluble Sugar and starch；
It (2) will be by winter postflood Paspalum distichum progress restoration ecosystem experiment for a long time
Restoration ecosystem start before 10d when, cut off the withered and yellow old stem of plant above ground, to water logging 0d, 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d,
Paspalum distichum plant after 150d and 180d, it is each to take out 10 plants for restoration ecosystem；180d water logging terminates, cut off water logging 180d and
Control group plant above ground withered and yellow old stem starts the Paspalum distichum for restoring water logging 180d after 10d, takes 10 plants of double fringes without water logging
Ditch millet is as control；Have in turn green seedling or 60d around old stem has seedling to grow around old stem, that is, thinks that the plant underground is bred
Body survival, measures the biomass of plant respectively, and the root of drying is taken out, and crushes, and measures containing for its total Soluble Sugar and starch
Amount；
(3) growth rhythm research
3 internodes of base portion are cut from field acquisition plant above ground stem after falling zone is subsided after restoration ecosystem 30~40 days
Lower cultivation seedling starts growth rhythm research to the Paspalum distichum seedling survived, after experiment starts after coming up
1d, 4d, 7d, 10d, 13d, 18d, 23d, 28d, 33d, 40d, 47d, 54d, 61d, 71d, 81d, 91d, 106d, 121d,
141d, it is each it is random measurement 30 plants of plant marked ecological index in total long branch, total number of sheets and the 3rd, 4, top young leaves
Length, the root of drying and stem separate and crushed by and 10 plants of measurement biomass of each random acquisition, measure its total Soluble Sugar and
Content of starch and root, stem, leaf the content of nitrogen and phosphorous.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the measurement of the ecological index
Method includes:
Plant height: the height of plant above ground first section to top phyllopodium is surveyed with measuring tool；
Total number of sheets: the plant above ground whole number of sheets is manually counted；
Total leaf is long: measuring the length of the green portion of plant whole blade with measuring tool, averages；
Total long branch: the Branches of Different Orders length summation of plant above ground one section or more is measured with measuring tool；
Biomass: the whole strain of plant is cleaned, and 103 DEG C of water-removing 20min are weighed in 80 DEG C of baking 3d to constant weight with counter balance
Its weight.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the survey of the total Soluble Sugar
Determine method are as follows: the root or stem for weighing crushing add 80% dehydrated alcohol of 3ml, boiling waterbath 30min, centrifuging and taking supernatant, instead
It extracts 2 times again, is settled to 10ml, the measurement for total Soluble Sugar.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the measuring method of the starch
Are as follows: add 4.6mol/L perchloric acid 2ml, boiling water bath 15min to add pure water extremely with the residue of measurement total Soluble Sugar extracting solution filtering
10ml, centrifugation, takes supernatant, so extracts again 1 time, and with pure water residue 2 times, centrifuging and taking supernatant merges supernatant,
It is settled to 50ml, the measurement for starch.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the measurement of the root activity
Method are as follows: TTC method measures root activity.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the measurement side of the malonaldehyde
Method are as follows: the stem for taking 0.5g Paspalum distichum to survive at random adds 10% trichloroacetic acid of 5ml to grind, and supernatant is isolated in centrifugation；It takes
2ml supernatant adds 2ml0.5% thiobarbituricacidα-, mixes boiling water bath 20min, and cooling centrifugation measures period OD value.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the nitrogen analysis is used
Indophenol blue colorimetry, the method for measuring phosphor content is with using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
In the aforementioned method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, the Paspalum distichum is fallen disappearing
The method for taking cultivation includes:
(1) aerial stem of plant cultivation method
After the falling zone exposure water surface, healthy and strong Paspalum distichum is carefully acquired from Riparian Zone, the top of each branch of clip,
Each top at least 3 internodes dig the hole of diameter 3cm, depth 10cm on falling zone, the soil dug out are rubbed scattered, backfill, cutting
Good branch is buried in the earth, and at least guarantees have an internode to be buried in the earth, and is kept shoot apex exposure in air, is poured with water
Thoroughly, arrange that 3 branches, each hole spacing 30cm keep ground moistening before branch survives in each hole, on falling zone stone with
Available nitrogen is increased when sandstone is more；Rainy days plants the survival rate that branch can be improved.
(2) Seedling Method is transplanted
In annual late March, the healthy and strong aerial stem of plant of Paspalum distichum is carefully acquired from Riparian Zone, each branch of clip
Top, each top at least 3 internodes, high 8cm, diameter 5cm flowerpot in fill fertile soil, the branch that shears is embedded to
In soil, at least guarantee there is an internode to be buried in the earth, keeps shoot apex exposure in air, irrigated with water, cloth in each basin
3 branches are set, are irrigated with water, ground moistening to plant is kept to survive；
After the falling zone exposure water surface, the hole of diameter 6cm, depth 8cm are dug on falling zone, carefully removes flowerpot, then
Seedling band soil is directly placed into hole, with earthen backfill gap, compacting is irrigated, each hole spacing 30cm survives it in seedling with water
Before, ground moistening is kept, stone and when more sandstone on reservoir drawdown band increases available nitrogen.It is more preferable that rainy days transplants effect.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention has found the growing plants-Paspalum distichum being suitble in plateau reservoir drawdown band by systematic research,
The long-term water logging of plateau reservoir drawdown band and long-term exposed habitat growth can either be met, there is certain biomass again, it is right
The landscape ecological of plateau reservoir drawdown band and soil erosion have certain protective effect.It is outstanding that Paspalum distichum can effectively retain storage
Floating object cuts down water nutrition substance, has good shore protection and landscape value.The present invention passes through the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum
Simulated experiment, it was demonstrated that Paspalum distichum is one of the restoration of the ecosystem plant for being suitble to plateau reservoir drawdown band, and Paspalum distichum is planted
On the reservoir drawdown band of plateau, restoration of the ecosystem preferably can be carried out to plateau reservoir drawdown band.
Plateau reservoir drawdown band belongs to special planting environment, and specific cultivation management method is different from level land, this hair
Cultural method of the Paspalum distichum of bright offer on reservoir drawdown band, so that Paspalum distichum not only has high transplanting survival rate,
It can also healthy on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau, stalwartness growth.
The present invention can effectively be utilized with Paspalum distichum, while being repaired to plateau reservoir drawdown band,
It can also be herded or directly be gathered in as herbage, make full use of resource in the season of autumn and winter reservoir prolonged drought.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1A is Paspalum distichum branch amount under different time waterlogging
Figure 1B is the total long branch of Paspalum distichum under different time waterlogging
Fig. 1 C is Paspalum distichum total number of sheets under different time waterlogging
Fig. 1 D is that the total leaf of Paspalum distichum is long under different time waterlogging
Fig. 1 E is Paspalum distichum total biomass under different time waterlogging
Fig. 2A is mda content in Paspalum distichum tissue under different time waterlogging
Fig. 2 B is Paspalum distichum root activity under different time waterlogging
Fig. 2 C is soluble-carbohydrate concentration in Paspalum distichum under different time waterlogging
Fig. 2 D is starch concentration in Paspalum distichum under different time waterlogging
Fig. 3 A is Paspalum distichum restoration ecosystem situation after different time waterlogging
Fig. 3 B is the biomass that Paspalum distichum accumulates in restoration ecosystem
Fig. 3 C is Paspalum distichum biomass allocation in restoration ecosystem
Fig. 3 D is the variation of Paspalum distichum total Soluble Sugar in restoration ecosystem
Fig. 3 E is the variation of Paspalum distichum starch in restoration ecosystem
Fig. 3 F is the variation of Paspalum distichum total reducing sugar in restoration ecosystem
Fig. 4 A is the growth rhythm of Paspalum distichum branch during the growth process
Fig. 4 B be Paspalum distichum during the growth process blade increase rule
Fig. 4 C is the growth rhythm of Paspalum distichum young leaves during the growth process
Fig. 4 D is the accumulation law of Paspalum distichum total biomass during the growth process
Fig. 4 E is the accumulation law of Paspalum distichum carbohydrate during the growth process
Fig. 4 F is Paspalum distichum carbohydrate distribution situation during the growth process
Fig. 5 A be Paspalum distichum during the growth process in each organ nitrogen total amount situation of change
Fig. 5 B be Paspalum distichum during the growth process in Different Organs P content bioaccumulation situation
Fig. 5 C is Paspalum distichum BAF situation of change in Different Organs during the growth process
Fig. 6 is the growing state of Paspalum distichum of the present invention plateau reservoir drawdown band again
Specific embodiment
One, water logging experiment is simulated by the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum to detect Paspalum distichum to falling zone water logging environment
Adaptability
1, Paspalum distichum is carried out to long-term water logging experiment in winter
1.1 experimental method
The Paspalum distichum cultivated is placed in diameter 62cm, high 82cm is filled in the plastic barrel of clear water, Paspalum distichum top
It is 0.3m away from water surface elevation；
Since October, test up to the complete water logging of 180d, using the plant without water logging as control, plant
It is long that plant height in ecological index, total number of sheets and total leaf are first measured after complete water logging 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d and 180d, are surveyed
Its biomass is measured after having determined again, root system living is taken to measure root activity, the stem for randomly selecting survival measures its mda content；
Then the root of drying is taken out, crushes, measures the content of its total Soluble Sugar and starch；
Wherein, the measuring method of plant height, total number of sheets, total leaf length and biomass is respectively as follows:
Plant height: the height of plant above ground first section to top phyllopodium is surveyed with measuring tool；
Total number of sheets: the plant above ground whole number of sheets is manually counted；
Total leaf is long: measuring the length of the green portion of plant whole blade with measuring tool, averages；
Biomass: the whole strain of plant is cleaned, and 103 DEG C of water-removing 20min are weighed in 80 DEG C of baking 3d to constant weight with counter balance
Its weight.
The measuring method of total Soluble Sugar are as follows: the root or stem for weighing crushing add 80% dehydrated alcohol of 3ml, boiling waterbath
30min, centrifuging and taking supernatant extract 2 times repeatedly, are settled to 10ml, the measurement for total Soluble Sugar.
The measuring method of starch are as follows: add 4.6mol/L perchloric acid 2ml with the residue of measurement total Soluble Sugar extracting solution filtering,
Boiling water bath 15min adds pure water to 10ml, and centrifugation takes supernatant, so extracts again 1 time, with pure water residue 2 times, centrifuging and taking
Supernatant merges supernatant, is settled to 50ml, the measurement for starch.
The measuring method of root activity are as follows: measure root activity with TTC method.
The measuring method of malonaldehyde are as follows: the stem for taking 0.5g Paspalum distichum to survive at random adds 10% trichloroacetic acid of 5ml, grinds
Mill, centrifugation, isolates supernatant；2ml supernatant is taken, 0.5% thiobarbituricacidα- of 2ml is added to mix, boiling water bath 20min is cold
But, it is centrifuged, measures its OD value.
1.2 experiment conclusion
1.2.1 ecologic adaptation of the Paspalum distichum to the complete waterlogging of different time
Complete water logging is unfavorable for Paspalum distichum and generates new branch, and total branch number is integrally lower than control group (Figure 1A).With
The increase of water logging time, total long branch gradually decrease；Total long branch is integrally in fall after rising variation tendency (Figure 1B).The growth of leaf
Inhibited by strong, total number of sheets and total leaf it is long it is whole be substantially less than control group (p < 0.01, n=12), leaf is full when 90d~180d
Portion's death (Fig. 1 C and 1D).Biomass is integrally in decreasing trend with the extension of water logging time, substantially less than control group (p <
0.01, n=12) (Fig. 1 E).
1.2.2 physiological adaptability of the Paspalum distichum to different time waterlogging
Concentration of malondialdehyde is obviously (Fig. 2A) lower than control group in the Paspalum distichum tissue of water logging.Root activity is integrally in
Downward trend, with control group significant difference (p < 0.01, n=5) (Fig. 2 B).Paspalum distichum root total Soluble Sugar and content of starch
With being persistently gradually reduced for water logging, whole and control group significant difference (p < 0.01, n=5) (Fig. 2 C and Fig. 2 D).
It 2, will be by winter postflood Paspalum distichum progress restoration ecosystem experiment for a long time
2.1 experimental method
Different time water logging Paspalum distichum will be lived through and carry out restoration ecosystem, investigate the survival and recovery after its water logging
Growing state.Restoration ecosystem start before 10d when, cut off the withered and yellow old stem of plant above ground, to water logging 0d, 30d, 60d, 90d,
Paspalum distichum plant after 120d, 150d and 180d, it is each to take out 10 plants for restoration ecosystem；When 180d, take 10 plants without water logging
Paspalum distichum as control；Having around turn green seedling or old stem in 60d, around old stem has seedling to grow, that is, thinks the plant
The survival of underground brood body measures the biomass of plant after 60d, will dry in 0d and the 60d measurement total long branch of plant that experiment starts
Dry root is taken out, and is crushed, is measured the content of its total Soluble Sugar and starch.
2.2 experiment conclusion
2.2.1 n plant survival rate
After complete waterlogging 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d, 180d, Paspalum distichum maintains high survival
Rate has reached 100%, does not have difference (table 1) with the plant of non-water logging.This illustrates that Paspalum distichum has been already adapted to water logging environment,
High survival rate still can be kept after long-term water logging.
The recovery survival rate of Paspalum distichum after the long-term water logging of table 1
2.2.2 restoration ecosystem situation
After water logging, Paspalum distichum restoration ecosystem rate is above the plant (Fig. 3 A) for not undergoing water logging.Different water loggings
Without notable difference between processing, short-term water logging becomes apparent from the growth-promoting effect of Paspalum distichum.
2.2.3 the biomass of restoration ecosystem accumulation
The biomass that Paspalum distichum after the complete waterlogging of different time accumulates during restoration ecosystem is below not
The plant (Fig. 3 B) of water logging.The no notable difference of the accumulation of Paspalum distichum biomass between different waterloggings.
2.2.4 biomass allocation
Different water logging time-triggered protocols influence the distribution of restoration ecosystem stage biomass after Paspalum distichum water outlet, influence degree
It has differences.Each modular organism amount distribution characteristics of Paspalum distichum is stem > leaf > root, and the plant that waterlogging is crossed will more biologies
Amount is allocated to stem and leaf (Fig. 3 C).
2.2.5 total Soluble Sugar
Different water logging time-triggered protocols deposit the influence of restoration ecosystem stage Paspalum distichum root system soluble-carbohydrate concentration
At difference (Fig. 3 D).As the water logging time extends, root system soluble-carbohydrate concentration is in raising trend.
2.2.6 starch
Water logging promotes the accumulation of Paspalum distichum starch.The Paspalum distichum of water logging is equal in restoration ecosystem stage accumulation starch
Higher than the plant (Fig. 3 E) of non-water logging.
2.2.6 total reducing sugar
Water logging promotes the accumulation of Paspalum distichum total reducing sugar, and the total reducing sugar of restoration ecosystem stage Paspalum distichum root system accumulation is with water logging
Handling the time is in increase trend (Fig. 3 F).
3, its growth rhythm research in Paspalum distichum restoration ecosystem
3.1 experimental method
After restoration ecosystem 30~40 days after falling zone is subsided, i.e. on May 1st, 2012, from field acquisition plant above ground stem,
3 internodes of base portion are cut cultivation seedling i.e. May 11, to start the Paspalum distichum seedling survived after coming up
Growth rhythm research, experiment start after 1d, 4d, 7d, 10d, 13d, 18d, 23d, 28d, 33d, 40d, 47d, 54d,
61d, 71d, 81d, 91d, 106d, 121d, 141d, it is each it is random measurement 30 plants of plant marked ecological index in total branch
Long, the 3rd, 4 young leaves of total number of sheets and top length, and 10 plants of measurement biomass of each random acquisition, by the root of drying and stem point
It opens and crushes, measure the content of nitrogen and phosphorous of its total Soluble Sugar and content of starch and root, stem, leaf.
Wherein, the measuring method of total long branch are as follows: the Branches of Different Orders of plant above ground one section or more is measured with measuring tool
Length summation；Full N measurement measures nitrogen content with indophenol blue colorimetry (LY/T 1269-1999), and the full P measurement of plant is anti-with molybdenum antimony
Colorimetric method (LY/T1270-1999).
3.2 experiment conclusion
3.2.1 the variation of ecological index
During the growth process, Paspalum distichum branch, blade young leaves and total biomass growth characteristics and cube curvilinear mold pattern
Quasi- effect is best, and significance probability is respectively less than 0.01, RS and is distributed as 0.968,0.638,0.849,0.911, growth model point
Not are as follows: y=1.191 × 10-5x3-0.008x2+ 1.161x+8.222 (Fig. 4 A), y=1.004 × 10-5x3-0.003x2+0.187x
+ 4.094 (Fig. 4 B), y=2.095 × 10-5x3-0.004x2+ 0.166x+8.811 (Fig. 4 C), y=-9.685 × 10-5x2+
0.026x-0.102 (Fig. 4 D).
3.2.2 the accumulation situation of carbohydrate
During the growth process, soluble-carbohydrate, starch and total reducing sugar accumulation law basic one in Paspalum distichum root system
It causes, is first to reduce to rise then steady decline (Fig. 4 E) afterwards.
3.2.3 the distribution situation of carbohydrate
In experiment latter stage, in Paspalum distichum root, the aerial stem of plant and subterranean stem, soluble-carbohydrate concentration, which is substantially less than, forms sediment
Powder (Fig. 4 F).The distribution characteristics of Paspalum distichum soluble-carbohydrate, starch and total reducing sugar are as follows: the subterranean stem > aerial stem of plant > root (figure
4F)。
3.2.4 variation of the nitrogen phosphorus total amount in each organ of Paspalum distichum
In each growth course, nitrogen and phosphorus content stem is maximum in Paspalum distichum stem, is much larger than Ye Hegen, nitrogen and phosphorus content in stem
80% or so of entire plant total amount is accounted in each period.Plant N total amount and the correlation of N total amount in root, stem are respectively
0.887,0.999, and with N total amount in leaves of plants without significant correlation.Plant P total amount and the correlation of P total amount in root, stem are distinguished
It is 0.956,0.976, and with P total amount in leaves of plants also without significant correlation.But since N, P total amount content are lower in plant roots,
So the content height of N, P total amount in stem plays conclusive effect to whole plant N, P total amount.Meanwhile with regard to whole plant
For, the fit equation of N, P total amount is respectively y=0.05x in plant cultivating number of days and plant2+ 1.553 (R=0.972, P <
And y=0.007x+0.355 (R=0.941, P < 0.01) 0.01).In annual June~October, absorption rate of the plant to N, P
Most fast, plant obviously slows down the absorption rate of N, P after October.
3.2.5 enrichment of each organ of Paspalum distichum to N, P
The soil that laboratory serike is used to do plant growth curve is taken from Lake Baihua river channel below dams.In the soil
Nutriment and micronutrient levels be shown in Table 2.
Nutriment in 2 soil of table
Assuming that constant (the N content 3.846mg/g of N, P concentration in the growth course of plant, in soil；P content is
1.36mg/g), each organ bioaccumulation index of plant during the growth process is calculated.
Bioaccumulation index (BAF)=MPlant/MSoil
In formula, MPlantFor the levels of N, P element in plant organ, MSoilFor N, P element levels in the soil.
In incipient 30 days, Paspalum distichum root, stem, leaf to the accumulation factor of nitrogen phosphorus start sharply decline (see Fig. 5 A,
5B).Then in June~September, the BAF fall off rate of each organ slows down (Fig. 5 C), finally slowly rises in September~November.
By the research of above-mentioned aspect, Paspalum distichum can adapt to the feelings of the long-term water logging of plateau reservoir drawdown band or arid
Condition, after long-term water logging is using the restoration ecosystem of a period of time, plant growth condition is good, i.e., Paspalum distichum can fit
The long-term water logging of reservoir drawdown band and long-term exposed growing environment are answered, can also quickly restore to give birth to after long-term water logging
It is long, and exposed growing environment can be quickly adapted to, growth potential is preferable, can be planted in reservoir drawdown band.
4, Paspalum distichum is cultivated in the reservoir drawdown band of plateau using aerial stem of plant cultivation method
After the falling zone exposure water surface, healthy and strong Paspalum distichum is carefully acquired from Riparian Zone, the top of each branch of clip,
Each top at least 3 internodes dig the hole of diameter 3cm, depth 10cm on falling zone, the soil dug out are rubbed scattered, backfill, cutting
Good branch is buried in the earth, and at least guarantees have an internode to be buried in the earth, and is kept shoot apex exposure in air, is poured with water
Thoroughly, arrange that 3 branches, each hole spacing 30cm keep ground moistening before branch survives in each hole, on falling zone stone with
Available nitrogen is increased when sandstone is more.
5, the fertilizer and water management after Paspalum distichum cultivation
Before being survived after Paspalum distichum cultivation to Paspalum distichum, ground moistening is kept, neither overdrying nor soil occurs
Earth ponding situation, i.e. soil moisture content are the 30-90% of field capacity；It is more in stone and sandstone to guarantee that plant survives
Available nitrogen is increased in the falling zone of sand soil, dosage is 70~110kg/hm2；If soil itself is very fertile loam, no
Fertilising；It in 2 months after plant culture, avoids herding, plant is enable more to accumulate carbohydrate, it is resistance to improve its water logging
By ability.
Cultural method of the Paspalum distichum on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau in the present invention can also be with the following method:
It transplants Seedling Method: in annual late March, the healthy and strong aerial stem of plant of Paspalum distichum is carefully acquired from Riparian Zone, is cut
Take the top of each branch, each top at least 3 internodes, high 8cm, diameter 5cm flowerpot in fill fertile soil, cutting
Good branch is buried in the earth, and at least guarantees have an internode to be buried in the earth, and is kept shoot apex exposure in air, is poured with water
Thoroughly, 3 branches are arranged in each basin, are irrigated with water, and ground moistening to plant is kept to survive；
After the falling zone exposure water surface, the hole of diameter 6cm, depth 8cm are dug on falling zone, carefully removes flowerpot, then
Seedling band soil is directly placed into hole, with earthen backfill gap, compacting is irrigated, each hole spacing 30cm survives it in seedling with water
Before, ground moistening is kept, stone and when more sandstone on reservoir drawdown band increases available nitrogen.It is more preferable that rainy days transplants effect.
These methods can be such that Paspalum distichum survives on reservoir drawdown band, and achieve the goal consistent effect.
Paspalum distichum plays an important role in the restoration of the ecosystem of plateau reservoir drawdown band at present, in plateau reservoir
Falling zone has carried out experimental planting (see Fig. 6), it is obvious to the repair of plateau reservoir drawdown band as the result is shown, reduces water
While native soil erosion, beautify environment, is conducive to the steady in a long-term of plateau reservoir ecosystem.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, which comprises the steps of:
1) water logging experiment is simulated by the indoor and outdoor to Paspalum distichum to detect adaptation of the Paspalum distichum to falling zone water logging environment
Property, determine that the Paspalum distichum for being planted in falling zone is resistant to long-term water logging stress；
2) then Paspalum distichum is introduced a fine variety to cultivating on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau；
3) daily fertilizer and water management is carried out after successful introduction to Paspalum distichum；
The described detection Paspalum distichum to the specific method of the adaptability of falling zone water logging environment the following steps are included:
(1) Paspalum distichum is carried out to long-term water logging experiment in winter
The Paspalum distichum cultivated is placed in diameter 62cm, high 82cm is filled in the plastic barrel of clear water, Paspalum distichum top is away from water
Face height is 0.3m；
Since October, test up to the complete water logging of 180d, using the plant without water logging as control, plant is complete
It is long that plant height in ecological index, total number of sheets and total leaf are first measured after water logging 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d and 180d, have been measured
It measures its biomass again afterwards, root system living is taken to measure root activity, the stem for randomly selecting survival measures its mda content；Then
The root of drying is taken out, crushes, measures the content of its total Soluble Sugar and starch；
It (2) will be by winter postflood Paspalum distichum progress restoration ecosystem experiment for a long time
Before restoration ecosystem starts when 10d, the withered and yellow old stem of plant above ground is cut off, to water logging 0d, 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d
It is each to take out 10 plants for restoration ecosystem with the Paspalum distichum plant after 180d；180d water logging terminates, and cuts off water logging 180d and control
The withered and yellow old stem of plant above ground is organized, starts the Paspalum distichum for restoring water logging 180d after 10d, takes 10 plants of Paspalum distichums without water logging
As control；Have in turn green seedling or 60d around old stem has seedling to grow around old stem, that is, thinks that the plant underground brood body is deposited
It is living, the biomass of plant is measured respectively, the root of drying is taken out, and is crushed, is measured the content of its total Soluble Sugar and starch；
(3) growth rhythm research
3 internodes of base portion are cut into training from field acquisition plant above ground stem after falling zone is subsided after restoration ecosystem 30~40 days
Seedling of raising an infant starts growth rhythm research to the Paspalum distichum seedling survived after coming up, the after experiment starts
1d, 4d, 7d, 10d, 13d, 18d, 23d, 28d, 33d, 40d, 47d, 54d, 61d, 71d, 81d, 91d, 106d, 121d, 141d,
The length of the 3rd, 4 total long branch, total number of sheets and top young leaves in the ecological index of 30 plants of plant marked of each random measurement
Degree, and 10 plants of measurement biomass of each random acquisition, the root of drying and stem are separated and are crushed, measure its total Soluble Sugar and starch
Content and root, stem, leaf the content of nitrogen and phosphorous；
The measuring method of the malonaldehyde are as follows: the stem for taking 0.5g Paspalum distichum to survive at random adds 10% trichloroacetic acid of 5ml to grind
Mill, centrifugation, isolates supernatant；2ml supernatant is taken, 2ml0.5% thiobarbituricacidα- is added, mixes boiling water bath 20min, it is cooling
Centrifugation, measures its OD value；
Paspalum distichum is introduced a fine variety to the method cultivated on the reservoir drawdown band of plateau and includes:
(1) aerial stem of plant cultivation method
After the falling zone exposure water surface, healthy and strong Paspalum distichum is carefully acquired from Riparian Zone, the top of each branch of clip, each
Top at least 3 internodes dig the hole of diameter 3cm, depth 10cm on falling zone, and the soil dug out is rubbed to scattered, backfill, what is sheared
Branch is buried in the earth, and at least guarantees have an internode to be buried in the earth, and is kept shoot apex exposure in air, is irrigated with water, often
Arrange 3 branches in a hole, each hole spacing 30cm, before branch survives, holding ground moistening, on falling zone stone and sandstone compared with
Available nitrogen is increased when more；
(2) Seedling Method is transplanted
In annual late March, the healthy and strong aerial stem of plant of Paspalum distichum, the top of each branch of clip are carefully acquired from Riparian Zone
End, each top at least 3 internodes, high 8cm, diameter 5cm flowerpot in fill fertile soil, the branch sheared is earthed
In, at least guarantee there is an internode to be buried in the earth, keeps shoot apex exposure in air, irrigated with water, arrangement 3 in each basin
Branch is irrigated with water, and ground moistening to plant is kept to survive；
After the falling zone exposure water surface, the hole of diameter 6cm, depth 8cm are dug on falling zone, carefully removes flowerpot, it then will be young
Seedling band soil is directly placed into hole, and with earthen backfill gap, compacting is irrigated, each hole spacing 30cm with water, before seedling survives,
Ground moistening is kept, stone and when more sandstone on reservoir drawdown band increases available nitrogen.
2. the method according to claim 1 repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, feature are existed
In,
The measuring method of the ecological index includes:
Plant height: the height of plant above ground first section to top phyllopodium is surveyed with measuring tool；
Total number of sheets: the plant above ground whole number of sheets is manually counted；
Total leaf is long: measuring the length of the green portion of plant whole blade with measuring tool, averages；
Total long branch: the Branches of Different Orders length summation of plant above ground one section or more is measured with measuring tool；
Biomass: the whole strain of plant is cleaned, and it is heavy to weigh its with counter balance in 80 DEG C of baking 3d to constant weight by 103 DEG C of water-removing 20min
Amount.
3. the method according to claim 1 repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, feature are existed
In the measuring method of the total Soluble Sugar are as follows: the root or stem for weighing crushing add 80% dehydrated alcohol of 3ml, and boiling water bath mentions
30min is taken, centrifuging and taking supernatant extracts 2 times repeatedly, is settled to 10ml, the measurement for total Soluble Sugar.
4. the method according to claim 1 repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, feature are existed
In the measuring method of the starch are as follows: add 4.6mol/L perchloric acid with the residue of measurement total Soluble Sugar extracting solution filtering
2ml, boiling water bath 15min add pure water to 10ml, and centrifugation takes supernatant, so extracts again 1 time, with pure water residue 2 times, from
The heart takes supernatant, and supernatant is merged, and is settled to 50ml, the measurement for starch.
5. the method according to claim 1 repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, feature are existed
In the measuring method of the root activity are as follows: measure root activity with TTC method.
6. the method according to claim 1 repaired using Paspalum distichum to plateau reservoir drawdown band, feature are existed
In, nitrogen analysis indophenol blue colorimetry, the method for measuring phosphor content is with using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
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| JP2007289095A (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-08 | Nishihide:Kk | Growth suppressing method for weed in rice field, and rice plant cultivating method |
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