CN105123070A - Automated accurate variable-control fertilizer supplement and applying device used in drop irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a precision-controlled fertilization and fertilizer distribution device applied to drip irrigation, comprising a fertilizer distribution box structure, a fertilizer distribution transmission device, a fertilizer water control device and a PLC integrated system, the fertilizer distribution box structure is connected to a fertilizer distribution transmission device, and the fertilizer The fertilizer distribution from the fertilizer distribution box structure is transmitted to the fertilizer and water control device through the transmission device. Both the fertilizer and water control device and the fertilizer distribution transmission device are controlled by the PLC integrated system; the crop area that needs to be irrigated and fertilized is input through the operation interface of the PLC integrated system. The amount of application and the time of irrigation and fertilization, so as to determine the frequency of fertilization, the amount of fertilization each time, the time of fertilization and the time of single fertilization; use PLC integrated control technology to determine the amount of fertilization through the growth of field crops , Input the amount of fertilizer, fertilization area and fertilization time into the PLC integrated system to realize precise variable fertilization.

Description

An automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation

technical field

The invention relates to an automatic and precise variable control fertilizer distribution and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

With the development of drip irrigation technology under film in modern agriculture, it has become an inevitable trend in the development of modern agriculture to add fertilizer and irrigation to increase crop yield in the process of planting crops. Since most of the crops are planted under the plastic film, the additional fertilization of the crops under the plastic film is very troublesome. Under-mulch fertilization requires solid fertilizers to be dissolved in irrigation water to fertilize together with the irrigation water. For this reason, it is particularly critical to prepare a uniform, precise and stable irrigation fertilizer solution that meets the needs of crop growth. Therefore, the birth of an automatic drip irrigation and fertilizer distribution device appears to be particularly important. Under-mulch drip irrigation and fertilization mainly uses drip irrigation devices and uses drip irrigation water as a carrier to deliver the precise, uniform and stable nutrient solution prepared by the fertilizer distribution device to the plants to achieve integrated utilization and management of water and fertilizer. Make water and fertilizer supply crops to absorb and utilize in an optimal combination state in the soil.

In the general research process, it is difficult to control the concentration stability and uniformity of drip irrigation fertilizer solution, and the traditional artificial fertilizer distribution method has low efficiency and low precision. Insufficient facilities and empiricism in the manual operation process will result in low fertilizer utilization, poor fertilizer concentration uniformity, high labor intensity in field tasks, and non-real-time performance, which cannot meet the current needs of precise and real-time fertilization in farmland. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the accuracy, uniformity and stability of fertilizer solutions and other comprehensive automation and integration technologies to realize the automatic preparation of drip irrigation fertilizer solutions for farmland and ensure reliable irrigation fertilizer solutions for farmers. In this way, the amount of irrigation water, irrigation time, fertilization uniformity, and fertilization time can all reach a certain degree of precision, and it has the characteristics of synchronous and centralized supply of water and fertilizer, which can benefit from one investment for many years, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, instead of manual fertilization. Unnecessary damage to crops results in increased crop yields.

The currently used large-area drip irrigation and fertilization device for crops is a differential pressure drip irrigation and fertilization device, which consists of a liquid storage tank (fertilizer tank), a water inlet pipe, a fertilizer supply pipe, a pressure regulating valve, etc., although it can achieve the purpose of fertilizer distribution and fertilization , will not cause fertilizer backflow, and will not pollute water sources. However, it cannot regulate the concentration of fertilizers in large-scale planting areas of crops, and it is difficult to achieve the purpose of uniform, stable and continuous fertilization of fertilizer liquid; at the same time, it will cause uncertain adding time of solid granular fertilizers, and no-load operation occurs; finally A serious defect of fertilizer distribution is that the fertilizer concentration will be too high at the beginning of fertilization, and the concentration will almost reach zero at the end; and the volume of the fertilizer distribution tank is limited, and the frequent addition of solid granular fertilizer is not suitable for large-scale fertilization and irrigation ; and there are some shortcomings such as head loss, which cannot meet the requirements of precise fertilization. At the same time, it is impossible to control the time and cycle of fertilization. , the utilization rate of fertilizer can not achieve the expected purpose, resulting in fertilizer waste and soil environmental pollution.

The fertilizer distribution device of prior art mainly has following shortcoming:

1. The existing drip irrigation and fertilization device adopts manual fertilization method, which has a heavy workload and high labor intensity, and the time of adding fertilizer cannot be controlled. Real-time fertilization and fertilization cannot be realized, and multi-variable fertilization cannot be realized.

2. Most of the current agricultural plantings are planted in large areas, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the process of additional irrigation and fertilization is large. However, most of the existing fertilization devices are for fertilization of small areas, and they are still in the stage of artificial fertilizer distribution. Can not meet the needs of modern agricultural development.

3. Modern agriculture is developing in the direction of automation, intelligence and precision, and has relatively high requirements for the uniformity and stability of fertilization concentration. However, the uniformity of fertilizer prepared by existing fertilization devices is relatively poor, and the stability is almost non-existent.

4. The existing drip irrigation and fertilization devices fail to make full use of modern high-tech, and there is a serious hysteresis in both the fertilizer distribution process and the fertilizer distribution mechanism.

5. The above fertilizer distributing devices have certain difficulties in adding solid granular fertilizers, and real-time detection cannot be realized.

6. Although the existing device can achieve the purpose of precise fertilizer distribution, it cannot realize variable fertilizer distribution. Therefore, the application area is relatively narrow, and large-area fertilization cannot be realized.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides an automatic and precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation, which can overcome the above-mentioned defects.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatic and precise variable control fertilizer distribution and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation, including a fertilizer distribution box structure, a fertilizer distribution transmission device, a fertilizer water control device and a PLC integrated system. The box structure is connected to the fertilizer distribution transmission device, and the solid fertilizer is distributed from the fertilizer distribution box structure to the fertilizer and water control device through the transmission device. Both the fertilizer and water control device and the fertilizer distribution transmission device are controlled by the PLC integrated system; through the operation interface of the PLC integrated system Input the crop area that needs irrigation and fertilization, the amount of solid fertilizer applied, and the time of irrigation and fertilization to determine the number of times of fertilization, the amount of fertilization each time, the time of fertilization, and the time of single fertilization; after the above data is determined, PLC The integrated system determines the transmission speed based on these data and the fertilizer distribution efficiency. The transmission speed and the fertilizer distribution tank on the fertilizer distribution transmission device are fixed, and the amount of fertilizer distribution is fixed. The PLC integrated system can determine the time of this fertilizer distribution, and transfer the solid fertilizer through the fertilizer distribution tank When the fertilizer distribution time reaches the required time, the solid fertilizer addition is completed; after a single solid fertilizer addition is completed, the fertilizer distribution transmission device automatically stops working, the fertilizer and water control device starts, and the water enters the fertilizer and water control device and the solid fertilizer The fusion is completed within the controlled time, and the fertilizer and water control device is connected to the drip irrigation system to complete the fertilization; when the configured irrigation fertilizer solution is irrigated within the irrigation time, the solid fertilizer enters the fertilizer and water control device again, and the PLC integrated control system starts the fertilizer distribution again device, and carry out the next fertilization cycle until the required number of fertilization is reached.

Further, the fertilizer distribution box structure includes a fertilizer distribution box body, a fertilizer distribution box cover, a base, and the top of the solid fertilizer box body is connected to the fertilizer distribution box cover, and the bottom is connected to the base, and the inside is provided with multiple grids, and is provided with a solid fertilizer box 1, Fertilizer-fixing box II, the fertilizer distribution transmission device is set in the fertilizer distribution box, below the fertilizer-fixation box I and the fertilizer-fixation box II, and extends to the water inlet port of the fertilizer water control device, the fertilizer distribution transmission device is placed obliquely, and the fertilizer distribution is carried out by the distribution The fertilizer conveying device conveys from bottom to top.

Furthermore, the inside of the cover of the belt conveying device is a fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism, and the fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism includes a drive shaft, a transmission gear, a transmission chain, a connecting shaft, a transmission belt, a frequency conversion motor, and an external shaft of the fertilizer distribution device, and the frequency conversion motor is connected to the external connection shaft of the fertilizer distribution device , The external shaft of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the drive shaft, the drive shaft is connected to a transmission gear, the frequency conversion motor transmits power to the other transmission gear through the transmission belt, and the two transmission gears are connected to the transmission chain, and the outside of the transmission chain is wrapped with a conveyor belt.

Further, the top of the conveyor belt of the fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism is provided with a plurality of continuous parallel fertilizer distribution tanks with equal internal capacity, and the solid fertilizer is in the fertilizer distribution tanks.

Further, the fertilizer and water control device includes a linear motor, a motor bracket, a piston connecting rod, a dissolution tank, and a piston. The linear motor is fixed on the motor bracket. The output end of the linear motor is connected to the piston connecting rod, and the piston is connected to the rod connecting the piston. Connect the dissolution tank. After a single addition of solid fertilizer is completed, the frequency conversion transmission mechanism automatically stops working, the linear motor starts and drives the piston to move downward to ensure the sealing performance of the dissolving tank when dissolving solid fertilizer; the solenoid valve at the water inlet port of the dissolving tank is opened, and the water inlet pipe There is a reverse flow valve on the top, and the high-pressure irrigation water enters the dissolving tank. After the dissolution is completed, the finished fertilizer liquid is opened from the solenoid valve at the output port of the dissolving tank, and the fertilizer liquid is sent to the drip irrigation belt at regular intervals to complete fertilization; when the configured irrigation fertilizer liquid is in the irrigation After the filling time is over, the solenoid valve at the output port of the dissolving tank is closed, and the solenoid valve at the water inlet port is also closed. The linear motor drives the piston to move up to ensure that the solid granular fertilizer enters the dissolving tank again, and the PLC controller starts the frequency conversion motor again to work. The next cycle of fertilization with fertilizer is carried out until the required number of times of fertilization is reached.

Further, the dissolution tank is provided with a solid fertilizer inlet, a water inlet port and an output port, a solenoid valve is provided at the solid fertilizer inlet, a solenoid valve is provided at the water inlet port, and a solenoid valve is provided at the output port, and the three solenoid valves are provided by PLC integrated system control.

Further, there are two fertilizer distribution transmission mechanisms, and each fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism corresponds to a kind of solid fertilizer.

The automatic precision variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation in the present invention uses PLC integrated control technology to determine the amount of fertilization through the growth of crops in the field, and input the amount of fertilization, fertilization area and fertilization time into the PLC integrated system , realize precise variable fertilization and fertilization; use the conveyor belt transmission technology to accurately transport the fixed fertilizer to the fertilizer distribution tank; use the frequency conversion motor drive principle, and the speed of the frequency conversion drive motor determines the amount of fertilizer transported by the conveyor belt to achieve precision distribution. Fertilizer; this device replaces the way of artificially adding solid granular fertilizer, which not only saves manpower, but also realizes automatic real-time control of the amount of solid granular fertilizer added, controls the uniformity and stability of the irrigation fertilizer concentration, and realizes on-demand The purpose of fertilization and precision fertilization, while improving the efficiency of drip irrigation and fertilization and the utilization rate of fertilizers, has obvious advantages over traditional artificial survey methods.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied in drip irrigation according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a fertilizer distribution and fertilization device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the fertilizer distribution drive part of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the fertilizer distribution driving part of the present invention.

Figure 1 is marked as follows: 18-linear motor protruding rod; 19-linear motor; 20-motor bracket; 21-piston connection rod; 22-solid fertilizer inlet; 23-piston; Filter screen; 25-water inlet port; 26-output port; 27-waste residue discharge port; 28-dissolution tank support; 29-solid particle storage box;

Fig. 2 is marked as follows: 1-fertilizer distribution case cover; 3-belt conveyor cover; 4-base; 5-solid fertilizer case I; 6-solid fertilizer case II.

Figure 3 and Figure 4 are marked as follows: 8-drive shaft; 10-transmission gear; 11-transmission chain; 12-connecting shaft; 13-fertilizer distribution mechanism; 14-fertilizer distribution tank; 15-transmission belt; 17-the external connection shaft of the fertilizer distribution device.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 2, an automatic precise variable control fertilizer distribution and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation, wherein the structure of the fertilizer distribution box includes a fertilizer distribution box, a fertilizer distribution box cover 1, a base 4, and the top of the solid fertilizer box is connected to the distribution box. The cover of the fertilizer box, the bottom is connected to the base, and there are multiple compartments inside, and there are solid fertilizer boxes I5 and solid fertilizer boxes II6. Extending to the water inlet port of the fertilizer and water control device, the fertilizer distribution conveyor is placed obliquely, and the solid fertilizer is transported from bottom to top by the fertilizer distribution conveyor.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the inside of the cover of the belt conveying device is a fertilizer distribution mechanism 13, which includes a drive shaft 8, a transmission gear 10, a transmission chain 11, a connecting shaft 12, a transmission belt 15, a variable frequency motor 16, a Fertilizer external shaft 17, the frequency conversion motor is connected to fertilizer distribution device external shaft 17, fertilizer distribution device external shaft 17 is connected to drive shaft 8, drive shaft 8 is connected to transmission gear 10, transmission gear 10 is the main transmission gear, and is connected to passive gear through transmission belt 15, The transmission chain 11 is connected between the main transmission gear and the driven gear, and the transmission chain 11 is connected to the conveyor belt. The surface of the conveyor belt has a fertilizer distribution groove, and the top of the conveyor belt of the fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism is provided with a plurality of continuous parallel fertilizers with equal internal capacity. The trough, the solid fertilizer is in the fertilizer trough.

As shown in Figure 1, the fertilizer and water control device includes a linear motor 19, a motor bracket 20, a piston connection rod 21, a dissolution tank 24, and a piston 23, the linear motor 19 is fixed on the motor bracket 20, and the output end of the linear motor is connected to the piston connection rod 21, the piston is connected with the pull rod and connected with the piston 23, and the bottom of the piston is connected with the dissolving tank 24.

As shown in Figure 1, dissolving tank 24 is provided with solid fertilizer inlet 22, water inlet port 25 and output port 26, and solid fertilizer inlet is provided with solenoid valve, and water inlet port is provided with solenoid valve, and output port is provided with solenoid valve , The three solenoid valves are all controlled by the PLC integrated system.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a waste residue discharge port 27 is provided at the bottom of the dissolution tank, and the bottom of the dissolution tank is supported by a support 28 of the dissolution tank.

There are two fertilizer distribution transmission mechanisms, and each fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism corresponds to a solid fertilizer.

The top of the linear motor 19 is connected with the protruding pull rod 18 of the linear motor.

This device uses the PLC integrated control technology to transmit the fertilizer distribution signal to the fertilizer distribution device, and input the crop area that needs irrigation and fertilization, the amount of solid granular fertilizer and the time of irrigation and fertilization through the operation interface of the PLC integrated system, so as to determine the fertilizer distribution The number of times and the amount of fertilization each time, the time of fertilization and the time of single fertilization. After the above data is determined, the PLC integrated system will determine the speed of the frequency conversion motor based on these data and the efficiency of fertilization of the fertilizer dispenser. Since the speed of the frequency conversion motor and the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer distribution tank on the fertilizer conveyor belt are fixed, for this reason The PLC integrated system can determine the fertilizer distribution time this time, and transport the solid fertilizer to the fertilizer distribution tank through the fertilizer distribution tank. When the fertilizer distribution time reaches the required time, the solid fertilizer addition is completed. After a single solid fertilizer addition is completed, the frequency conversion motor automatically stops working, and the linear motor starts and drives the piston to move downward to ensure the sealing performance of the dissolution tank when dissolving fertilizer. The solenoid valve at the water inlet is opened (the water inlet pipe is equipped with a reverse flow valve), and the high-pressure irrigation water enters the dissolving tank. After the dissolution is completed, the solenoid valve at the output port of the finished fertilizer solution is opened, and the fertilizer solution is sent to the drip irrigation belt at regular intervals to complete fertilization. When the configured irrigation fertilizer solution is irrigated within the irrigation time, the solenoid valve of the output port of the finished fertilizer solution is closed, the solenoid valve of the water inlet is closed, and the linear motor drives the piston to move up to ensure that the solid granular fertilizer enters the dissolution tank smoothly again. At this time, the PLC integrated control system will start the frequency conversion motor to work again, and carry out the next fertilization and fertilization cycle until the required number of fertilization and fertilization is reached.

The automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation related to the present invention has the following characteristics:

1. According to the growth of crops in a certain area, determine the amount of topdressing fertilizer in this area, that is, the quality of the additional solid fertilizer required.

2. After determining the additional amount of solid fertilizer, input the crop area for fertigation, the amount of solid granular fertilizer applied, and the time of fertilization through the operation interface of the PLC integrated control system, so as to determine the frequency of fertilization and each time The amount of fertilization, the time of fertilization and the time of single fertilization. At this time, the PLC integrated system will determine the speed of the variable frequency motor according to these data and the fertilization efficiency of the fertilizer applicator.

3. After the above parameters are determined, the frequency conversion motor starts to drive the fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism to transport the solid fertilizer required by the unit fertilizer distribution to the fertilizer distribution tank through the fertilizer distribution tank. When the addition of a single solid fertilizer is completed, the frequency conversion motor stops working automatically. The linear motor drives the piston to move down to ensure the sealing performance of the dissolving tank when dissolving fertilizer. At the same time, the solenoid valve at the water inlet port is opened (the water inlet pipe is equipped with a reverse flow valve), and the high-pressure irrigation water enters the dissolving tank. After the dissolution is completed, the solenoid valve at the output port is opened, and the fertilizer liquid is sent to the drip irrigation belt to complete fertilization.

4. When the configured irrigation fertilizer liquid is irrigated within the irrigation time, the solenoid valve at the output port is closed, the solenoid valve at the water inlet port is closed, and at the same time, the linear motor drives the piston to move up to ensure that the solid granular fertilizer enters the dissolution tank smoothly again. At this time, the PLC integrated control system will start the frequency conversion motor to work again, and carry out the next fertilization and fertilization cycle until the required number of fertilization and fertilization is reached.

5. Due to the difference in the planting area and the growth of the crops, the quality of the solid fertilizer to be added is different. The fertilization device designed for this mainly reflects the effect of variable fertilization, mainly in the controllability of the frequency conversion motor speed. With the frequency conversion The change of the motor speed changes the running speed of the fertilizer distribution mechanism, so that the working efficiency of the fertilizer distribution tank in a unit time can be determined to change the quality of the solid fertilizer added by the configuration.

6. The pilot test results of the device show that the accuracy of the device to control the concentration of the fertilizer solution prepared by drip irrigation and fertilization can reach more than 92%, which not only has good timeliness, but also has high accuracy; According to the requirements of planting area, the concept of automatic fertilizer distribution and fertilization is realized, which breaks the traditional manual fertilizer distribution, and drip irrigation and fertilization play a pivotal role in guiding the actual production of crops.

The specific implementation methods described in the present invention do not constitute a limitation to the scope of the application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements that can be made by professionals in the field within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in this application. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. An automatic precise variable control fertilizer distribution and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation, characterized in that it includes a fertilizer distribution box structure, a fertilizer distribution transmission device, a fertilizer water control device and a PLC integrated system, and the fertilizer distribution box structure is connected to the fertilizer distribution transmission device , the solid fertilizer is transferred from the fertilizer distribution box structure to the fertilizer and water control device through the transmission device, and the fertilizer and water control device and the fertilizer distribution transmission device are controlled by the PLC integrated system; the crop area that needs to be irrigated and fertilized is input through the operation interface of the PLC integrated system , the application amount of solid fertilizer and the time of irrigation and fertilization, so as to determine the frequency of fertilization, the amount of fertilization each time, the time of fertilization and the time of single fertilization; after the above data are determined, the PLC integrated system will Fertilization efficiency determines the transmission speed, the transmission speed and the fertilizer distribution tank on the fertilizer distribution transmission device are fixed, and the fertilizer distribution amount is fixed. The PLC integrated system can determine the time of this fertilizer distribution, and transport the solid fertilizer to the fertilizer water control device through the fertilizer distribution tank. When the fertilizer distribution time reaches the required time, the solid fertilizer addition is completed; after a single solid fertilizer addition is completed, the fertilizer distribution transmission device automatically stops working, the fertilizer water control device starts, and the water enters the fertilizer water control device and the solid fertilizer dissolves within a controlled time. Combined, the fertilizer and water control device is connected to the drip irrigation system to complete fertilization; when the configured irrigation fertilizer solution is irrigated within the irrigation time, the solid fertilizer enters the fertilizer and water control device again, and the PLC integrated control system starts the fertilizer distribution transmission device again for the next fertilizer distribution. Fertilization cycles until the required frequency of fertilization is reached. 2. A kind of automatic precision variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied on drip irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the structure of the fertilizer distribution box includes a fertilizer distribution box, a fertilizer distribution box cover, a base, a solid fertilizer The top of the box body is connected to the cover of the fertilizer distribution box, and the bottom is connected to the base. There are multiple compartments inside, and there are solid fertilizer box I and solid fertilizer box II. The fertilizer delivery device is set in the fertilizer distribution box, solid fertilizer box I and solid fertilizer box. Below II and extending to the water inlet port of the fertilizer and water control device, the fertilizer distribution conveyor is placed obliquely, and the solid fertilizer is transported from bottom to top by the fertilizer distribution conveyor. 3. A kind of automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that, the inside of the cover of the belt conveyor device is a fertilizer distribution mechanism, and the fertilizer distribution mechanism includes a drive shaft and a transmission gear , transmission chain, connecting shaft, transmission belt, frequency conversion motor, external shaft of the fertilizer distribution device, the frequency conversion motor is connected to the external shaft of the fertilizer distribution device, the external shaft of the fertilizer distribution device is connected to the drive shaft, the drive shaft is connected to a transmission gear, and the frequency conversion motor transmits power to the Another transmission gear, the two transmission gears are connected to the transmission chain, and the outside of the transmission chain is wrapped with a conveyor belt. 4. A kind of automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied to drip irrigation according to claim 3, characterized in that, the top of the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of continuous parallel fertilization tanks with equal internal capacity, The solid fertilizer is in the fertilizer distribution tank. 5. A kind of automatic precision variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied in drip irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fertilizer water control device comprises a linear motor, a motor bracket, a piston connecting rod, a dissolution tank, and a piston, The linear motor is fixed on the motor bracket, the output end of the linear motor is connected to the piston to the pull rod, the piston is connected to the pull rod to the piston, and the bottom of the piston is connected to the dissolution tank. 6. A kind of automatic precision variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied on drip irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the dissolving tank is provided with a solid fertilizer inlet, a water inlet port and an output port, and the solid fertilizer inlet is provided with Solenoid valve, a solenoid valve is provided at the water inlet port, and a solenoid valve is provided at the output port, and the three solenoid valves are all controlled by the PLC integrated system. 7. A kind of automatic precise variable control fertilization and fertilization device applied on drip irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that, the fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism is provided with two, and each fertilizer distribution transmission mechanism corresponds to a solid Fat.