CN105108503B - A kind of different machine with cast track and its renovation process away from bionic surface combination of many structures - Google Patents
A kind of different machine with cast track and its renovation process away from bionic surface combination of many structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN105108503B CN105108503B CN201510612304.8A CN201510612304A CN105108503B CN 105108503 B CN105108503 B CN 105108503B CN 201510612304 A CN201510612304 A CN 201510612304A CN 105108503 B CN105108503 B CN 105108503B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of different machine with cast track and its renovation process away from bionic surface combination of many structures, making has the first bionical coupling first and the second bionical coupling is first in mild wear area and heavy wear area on the working face of guide rail；First bionical coupling unit is strip or netted bionical coupling unit, the spacing of the spacing more than the bionical coupling in heavy wear area first unit of the bionical coupling in mild wear area first unit；Second bionical coupling unit is point hole shape coupling unit, between being distributed in the first bionical coupling unit.Hardness or stress distribution situation that the present invention passes through different degree of wear regions, double couplings unit bionic surface of two kinds of spacing changes of setting, form the different combination away from bionic surface of many structures of different wear resistances, so as to obtain hardness or the equally distributed surface of stress, the overall wear resistance uniformity and effect steady in a long-term on surface are reached with this.In addition, by the interaction between two kinds of coupling units and body, further increasing the wearability of rail plate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine with cast track technical field, it is related to a kind of regeneration machine with cast track and its Regeneration and Repair method.
Background technology
In mechanical industry, lathe is commonly known as machine-tool, is the basic process equipment of machinery manufacturing industry, its product
Kind, performance, quality and technical merit directly affect performance, quality, production technology level and the enterprise of other electronic products
Economic benefit.China is lathe consumption market maximum in the world, about 8,000,000 lathes is possessed at present, according to international
3% reduction rate, annual about 250,000, the old lathe reduced, the total deal of its metal surmounts 1,500,000 tons.For an old machine
Bed, typically there is more than 45%~80% residual value, the mainly stronger lathe bed of durability, column, base etc..Remanufacture
These main elements are, it is necessary to consume a large amount of steels and the energy.If retaining main body, repair or change and damage part, then can manufacture
Go out and the new equipment equal quality even more preferable equipment of performance.Machine tool guideway is also simultaneously easily to grind as the important component in lathe
The part of damage, its regeneration is significant to remanufacturing for whole lathe.Machine tool guideway failure is generally that fatigue wear is lost
Effect, in ten hundreds of reciprocating motions, under the uneven active force of work-piece load, surface can be presented uneven mill to guide rail
Damage phenomenon so that surface no longer keeps level, causes the machining accuracy that cannot meet factory's part.So as to be eliminated by factory.
Because plain cast iron guide rail all can just be applied surface by high-frequency quenching with after strengthening wear resistance, and surface is quenched
Fire necessarily causes along the hardness at 1~5cm of depth of hardening direction, stress distribution gradient, by prolonged non-homogeneous mill
After damage, be uniformly distributed to reach case hardness, stress, certainly will by surface hardening layer tissue all removal can, but
Now the use size of guide rail is then extremely difficult to use standard, and this causes certain difficulty for the regeneration of guide rail.Past much repaiies
Compound method use cast out surface mechanical properties after the top layer quenching structure of skewness the method for material for repairing to realize it
Regeneration, these renovation process result in a large amount of wastes of raw material.In addition, these regenerations are only simple to enhance table
The wear resistance in face, matches without good with actual irregular wear mode, loses the flexibility of regeneration.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of working surface hardness or stress distribution is uniform, overall wear-resistant
Performance uniformity is good and steady in a long-term, and the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of the good many structures of wearability and its again
Generation method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures of the invention, its work
Face is divided into mild wear area and heavy wear area, it is characterised in that made in the guide rail mild wear area and heavy wear area
There are the first bionical coupling unit and the second bionical coupling unit；First bionical coupling is first for the bionical coupling of strip is first or netted bionical coupling unit, and second imitates
Raw coupling unit is point hole shape coupling unit；The spacing of the wherein bionical coupling in mild wear area first unit is AS, the bionical coupling in heavy wear area first
The spacing of unit is BS, AS＞ BS；Between second bionical coupling unit is distributed in the first bionical coupling unit.
The mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling unit
Spacing be BS, BS=AS-1.2(mm)。
The mild wear area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling
The depth of unit is BH, BH=Ah+0.57(mm)。
The mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling unit
Spacing be BS, BS=AS-1.8(mm)。
The mild wear area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling
The depth of unit is BH, BH=AH(mm)。
The mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling unit
Spacing be BS, BS=AS-2.6(mm)。
The mild wear area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling
The depth of unit is BH, BH=AH+0.43(mm)。
The second bionical coupling unit is arranged in the first bionical coupling unit periphery；In mild wear area, the second bionical coupling unit is away from neighbour
The interval S of nearly first bionical coupling unit1=AS/3；In heavy wear area, spacing of the second bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit
S2=BS/3。
Second bionical coupling unit cross section is first for the point hole shape coupling of " U " type ring-type, the curved transition in its edge, and point hole depth is
H, 0.35mm<h<0.45mm；In mild wear area, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit1≤S1, depth h1=W1+h；
Heavy wear area, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit2≤S2, depth h2=W2+h。
Workpiece length is processed when being on active service by guide rail surface different, cause cutter on guide rail with different feeding distances
Repeatedly slidably reciprocate, cause guide rail surface to be divided into two kinds of degrees of wear.The present invention scraps the abrasion ditch of guide rail surface by contrast
Gully depth value judges mild wear area and heavy wear area, i.e., be mild wear when gully depth of wearing and tearing is less than 0.03mm
Area, measures zone hardness HV>640, stress ε<275；It is heavy wear area, measurement when gully depth of wearing and tearing is more than 0.03mm
The zone hardness is HV<640, stress ε>275.So regulation hardness HV>640, stress ε<300 region is mild wear area,
Hardness is HV<640 or stress ε>275 region is heavy wear area.In the guide rail surface along cutter operative orientation, shape is processed
It is different away from bionic surface combination into many structures, using the combination of the different bionic surface of two kinds of wear resistances improving integrated guide rail
The wear resistance on surface, at the same time makes the wear resistance uniformity on surface.The bionical coupling unit of " point hole " structure can
Some less abrasive particles are accommodated and stored, and larger abrasive particle can be made to be changed into rolling by the slip of plow form, can subtracted
Small abrasive wear, the coupling unit can also store lubricating oil, can effectively slow down abrasion.The present invention is showed by the wear-resisting coupling of biological epidermis
As mechanism is inspired, the multifactor strengthening mechanism for intercoupling, acting synergistically of mimic biology.Both can be improved wearability
Bionical coupling element be applied in rail plate together so that coupling with different structure unit and body collectively form many structures,
The multifactor double coupling unit bionic surfaces of many structures for intercoupling, interacting, improve the wearability of rail plate.
The renovation process of the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of above-mentioned many structures, comprises the steps：
Step one, surface preparation：The machine with cast track surface of scrapping of the out-of-flatness after experience wear is entered using mechanical milling
Row pretreatment, flat surface while superficial stain and oxide skin is removed, hole and mill of the removal diameter in more than 0.01mm
Trace；
Step 2：Hardness or stress mornitoring analysis are carried out to guide rail surface, by guide rail surface hardness HV>640 or stress ε<
275 region is defined as mild wear area；By hardness HV<640 or stress ε>275 region is defined as heavy wear area；
Step 3, the bionical coupling unit of making first and the second bionical coupling unit on working face of guide rail；Wherein first bionical coupling unit
For the bionical coupling of strip is first or netted bionical coupling unit；Second bionical coupling unit is arranged in the first bionical coupling unit periphery, is that cross section is in " U "
The point hole shape coupling unit of type ring-type, the curved transition in its edge, point hole depth is h, 0.35mm<h<0.45mm；In mild wear area,
Interval S of the second bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit1=AS/ 3, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit1≤S1, it is deep
Degree h1=W1+ h, ASIt is the spacing of the bionical coupling in mild wear area first unit；In heavy wear area, the second bionical coupling unit is away from neighbouring the
The interval S of one bionical coupling unit2=BS/ 3, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit2≤S2, depth h2=W2+ h, BSIt is serious mill
Damage the spacing of the bionical coupling in area first unit；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV<70, stress gradient is Δ ε<When 180,
In mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, first
The spacing of bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.2 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=Ah+0.57(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is 180<Δε
<When 275, in mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear
Area, the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.8 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV>100, stress gradient Δ ε>When 275,
Mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, first imitates
The spacing of raw coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 2.6 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH+0.43(mm)；
Step 4：Sequent surface treatment：Grinding process is carried out, makes the first bionical coupling unit, the second bionical coupling unit and parent shape
Into rounding off.
Existing machine tool guideway reproducing method intensity difference, energy waste be serious, process flexibility is poor in order to overcome for the present invention
And the uneven wear mode special for guide rail remanufactures the poor technological deficiency of specific aim, invented a kind of many structures it is different away from
The regeneration machine with cast track of bionic surface combination, overcomes the problem that machine with cast track is difficult to regenerate of scrapping well.By different mills
The hardness or stress distribution situation in damage degree region, design double couplings unit bionic surface of specific two kinds of spacing change, are formed not
The different combination away from bionic surface of many structures of same wear resistance, so that hardness or the equally distributed surface of stress are obtained, with
This reaches the overall wear resistance uniformity and effect steady in a long-term on surface simultaneously.In addition, by the bionical unit of double coupling units
The interaction of two kinds of couplings unit of body, and the coupling for intercoupling, interacting of multifactor many structures is collectively formed with body
Bionical region, further increases the wearability of rail plate.
Technique effect of the invention：The present invention by adjusting laser parameter, with reference to the biology with high resistance against wear performance
Body surface shape characteristic, the machine with cast track surface to scrapping carries out Bionic coupling design, prepares perpendicular with load direction of feed
The distribution of different spacing the bionical coupling of strip is first or latticed bionical coupling unit, form the group of the different bionic surface of wear resistance
Close so that the hardness on the machine with cast track surface after processing, stress distribution are uniform, and reaching the wear resistance on surface can keep long-term
Stabilization, realizes regeneration.In addition, using the wear resistance of the bionical further strengthening surface of cell cube of double couplings unit.Double coupling units are bionical
Unit body main will be prepared from strip (or netted) coupling unit in the form of a hole shape coupling unit, wherein, strip (or netted) coupling
There is harder martensitic structure in unit, can increase wearability, and point hole shape coupling unit can reduce abrasive wear and adhesive wear, increase
Lubricity.Point hole shape coupling unit is centered around the vicinity of strip (or netted) coupling unit, may also operate as protection strip (or netted) coupling unit
Effect.Strip (or netted) coupling unit gradually forms small difference in height due to wear-resisting with parent, and a hole shape coupling unit is promoted again
The formation of hydrodynamic oil film.Two kinds of couplings unit it is mutually coordinated, mutually promoting is greatly improved the wearability of rail plate.
Brief description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description to being described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is machine tool guideway surface abrasion area distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 surface be coupled with the bionical cell cube of double couplings units many structures it is different away from bionic surface group
The machine with cast track schematic diagram of conjunction.
Fig. 3 be the embodiment of the present invention 2 surface be coupled with the bionical cell cube of double couplings units many structures it is different away from bionic surface group
The machine with cast track schematic diagram of conjunction.
Fig. 4 is the bionical cell cube sectional view of double coupling units.
Specific embodiment
Although bionics turns into the history that an independent subject only has decades, the mankind are bionical but years up to ten thousand
History.Since ancient times, the mankind just with biological mutual survival on earth, mankind itself is in continuous Evolutionary adaptation natural environment
Under the premise of, also a large amount of form, 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions for imitating other biological, carry out reform of nature condition, to protect and develop oneself, I
Find that their body surfaces have following feature：
1. they are presented the coupling of form, structure, material；
2. they realize the optimum adaptation to environment with the synergy of the Multiple factors such as its form, structure, material
" synergy ", i.e., " biological coupling "；
3. all there is the biological coupling form of " soft or hard " alternate structure and " point hole " structure, wherein " soft or hard " alternate knot
The composition material or institutional framework of the hard unit in structure are different from flexible unit.This body surface has non-uniform Distribution shape
The organism of state and different structure and composition material organic coupling is respectively provided with excellent mechanical property and wear resistance.
Scrapping for guide rail is largely due in the case of prolonged uneven load stress, cause surface abrasion
Non-uniform Distribution is presented, so that machining accuracy is severely impacted to cause finally to scrap.It is generally this to scrap guide rail surface
Cannot still cause that the stress on surface, hardness are uniformly distributed by smooth treatment, cause the wear resistance on surface unstable, it is difficult to
Realize regeneration.In order to greatly simplify the production technology of machine tool guideway regeneration, production cost is reduced, improve production efficiency uses spy
Fixed non-homogeneous laser bionic coupling renovation process, has big advantage in Waste machine tool regeneration.Thus, it is of the invention with
The different machine with cast track of scrapping away from the bionic coupling method regeneration of double couplings unit of many structures is the machine with cast track that remains quenching layer.And other
The invention of the bionical treatment of laser is different (to have the iron rolling machine tool guide rail zl201110361581.8 of bionic non-smooth surface；Tool
Have bionic non-smooth surface machine with cast track zl 201310003955.8), one, it is of the invention regeneration guide rail recovery technique be straight
It is connected on and remains the uneven machine with cast track surface of scrapping of hardness, stress distribution and directly machine, does not really want to destroy completely and go
Except the reparation means filled up again after surface hardening layer.2nd, bionical fabrication design of the invention is not homogeneously distributed in same
Plane, but the hardness or stress distribution situation for scrapping guide rail surface are combined, specific two kinds of spacing are carried out to the guide level
The bionic surface design of combination.Breach the spacing one carried out on the uniform surface of mechanical property distribution in conventional Bionic Design
The bionical cell cube design for causing.3rd, the present invention has carried out the design of the double bionical cell cubes of coupling unit of many structures, by strip or netted
Bionical coupling is first to interact around a form for hole shape coupling unit, mutually protects to strengthen protection of the bionical cell cube to guide rail surface
Ability, using a unique smaller abrasive particle of storage of hole shape coupling unit and makes larger abrasive particle be changed into rolling by the slip of plow form
It is dynamic, improve the wear resistance of bionic surface.Further, since the structural advantage of special the stored lubricating oil of point hole shape coupling unit,
Abrasion can effectively be slowed down.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2 made on the working face of guide rail having the first bionical coupling unit and the second bionical coupling unit, first is bionical
Coupling unit is the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip, and the second bionical coupling unit is point hole shape coupling unit 12；The bionical coupling unit 11 of strip and load direction of feed
Angle is 90 °, and point hole shape coupling unit 12 is arranged in 11 peripheries of the bionical coupling unit of strip.
As shown in figure 3, bionical coupling 11 cross sections of unit of strip form the column knot of " soft and hard alternation " in " U " type and with parent
Structure, its carbide for being organized as high rigidity and martensite are constituted, and its face width D is 0.6mm~2mm, depth AHFor 0.3mm~
0.5mm；Point hole shape coupling unit 12 is by after the processing of laser high-energy beam, shape coupling unit, Dian Keng sides are cheated in section in the point of " U " type ring-type
The curved transition of edge；In mild wear area, interval S of the second bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit1=AS/ 3, point hole shape
The point hole width D 1 of coupling unit is 0.25mm~0.45mm, reinforcing tissue width W1≤S1, depth h1=W1+ h, ASIt is mild wear area
The spacing of the first bionical coupling unit；In heavy wear area, interval S of the second bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit2=BS/ 3,
The point hole width D 1 of point hole shape coupling unit is 0.25mm~0.45mm, reinforcing tissue width W2≤S2, depth h2=W2+ h, BSFor serious
The spacing of the bionical coupling unit of worn area first.
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV<70, stress gradient is Δ ε<When 180,
In mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, first
The spacing of bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.2 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=Ah+0.57(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is 180<Δε
<When 275, in mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear
Area, the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.8 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV>100, stress gradient Δ ε>When 275,
Mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, first imitates
The spacing of raw coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 2.6 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH+0.43(mm)；
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 4, made on the working face of guide rail having the first bionical coupling unit and the second bionical coupling unit, first is bionical
Coupling unit is netted bionical coupling unit 21, and the second bionical coupling unit is point hole shape coupling unit 22；The vertical direction reinforcing of netted bionical coupling unit 21
Part is 90 ° with load direction of feed angle, and point hole shape coupling unit 12 is arranged in the grid of netted bionical coupling unit 21.It is netted bionical
The spacing of coupling unit 21, depth, the cross sectional shape and depth of point hole shape coupling unit 22, and point hole shape coupling unit 22 are bionical with adjacent web
The parameters such as the spacing between coupling unit 21 are same as Example 1.
Being processed along the guide rail surface of cutter operative orientation, to form many structures different away from bionic surface combination, light in order to understand
Wiping area and the surface abrasion performance in heavy wear area, the present invention have carried out stripping and slicing experiment, find in same time, gently
Wear weight loss amount of the wear weight loss amount in wiping area less than heavy wear area.I.e. the wear resistance in mild wear area is better than tight
The wear resistance of weight worn area.Hardness gradient in the heavy wear area of guide rail and mild wear area is Δ HV<70, stress ladder
It is Δ ε to spend<180, weightlessness of the undressed mild wear area compared to undressed heavy wear area within the unit interval
Amount reduces 9.4%；Hardness gradient in the heavy wear area of guide rail and mild wear area is 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is
180<Δε<When 275, mistake of the undressed mild wear area compared to undressed heavy wear area within the unit interval
Weight reduces 13.5%；In the heavy wear area of guide rail and the hardness gradient Δ HV in mild wear area>100, stress gradient Δ ε>
When 275, weight loss of the undressed mild wear area compared to undressed heavy wear area within the unit interval is reduced
19.8%.Therefore the present invention processes mild wear area to form the wear resistance less bionic surface of raising, and heavy wear
Area processes to form the larger bionic surface of wear resistance raising.Using the combination of the different bionic surface of two kinds of wear resistances
To improve the wear resistance on integrated guide rail surface, at the same time make the wear resistance uniformity on surface.
In order that the machine with cast track surface abrasion performance uniformity scrapped, using laser, processes in guide rail surface
The different bionic surface of two kinds of wear resistances, many structures for being as specifically coupled with two kinds of spacing changes are different imitative away from double couplings unit
The bionic surface of raw cell cube, and directional spreding is worked in the mild wear area and heavy wear area of guide rail surface along cutter.
Drawn by wear test, the spacing A of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip (or netted bionical coupling unit 21) in control mild wear areaSFor
6~10mm, depth AhFor 0.3~0.5mm is relatively reasonable, the bionical coupling unit of strip being then mainly adjusted by heavy wear area
The spacing B of 11 (or netted bionical coupling units 21)SAnd depth Bh, so as to ensure through leading after the different processing away from bionic surface of excessive structure
The wear resistance in mild wear area and heavy wear area keeps uniformity in track surface.
Assuming that the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is x, the bionical table in heavy wear region in the bionic surface in heavy wear area
The weight loss for interviewing sample reduces Y (× 100%) with respect to the weight loss of the unprocessed sample of the region surface, according to wear test institute
The experimental result for drawing carries out the relational expression that linear fit can be obtained between x and Y, then can be according to the relational expression to serious
The spacing B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip (or netted bionical coupling unit 21) in worn areaSAnd depth BhIt is adjusted, and strip is bionical
Slight difference between the spacing on 21 surfaces of spacing change and latticed bionical coupling unit on 11 surfaces of coupling unit changes is negligible.With
As a example by the bionical coupling unit of strip, it is assumed that the spacing of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip is x, heavy wear area in the bionic surface in heavy wear area
The weight loss of the bionic surface sample in domain reduces Y (× 100%) with respect to the weight loss of the unprocessed sample of the region surface.Then lead to
Cross the relational expression that experiment can be obtained between x and Y：Y=-0.075x+0.9598.When the heavy wear area of guide rail and mild wear
The hardness gradient in area is Δ HV<70, stress gradient is Δ ε<180, undressed mild wear area is compared to undressed
Weight loss of the heavy wear area within the unit interval reduces 9.4%.Now, being prepared in mild wear area makes the region have most preferably
The bionical coupling unit 11 of strip of wear resistance, the spacing of the bionical coupling unit 11 of the strip is AS, then determining has the spacing strip
Weight loss of the mild wear area of bionic surface style within the unit interval, obtains the strip bionic surface sample in mild wear area
Weight loss reduced value Y of the weight loss with respect to the unprocessed sample of the region surfaceAS, then formula Y can be utilizedBS=-0.075AS
+ 0.9598, and formula YBS-YAS=9.4, obtain the spacing B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in now heavy wear areaSWith serious mill
Damage the spacing A of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in areaSBetween need meet relational expression：BS=AS-1.2(mm)；When the heavy wear of guide rail
The hardness gradient in area and mild wear area is 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is 180<Δε<It is undressed slight when 275
Weight loss of the worn area compared to undressed heavy wear area within the unit interval reduces 13.5%.Similarly, can obtain
The spacing B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in now heavy wear areaSWith the spacing A of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in heavy wear areaSIt
Between need meet relational expression：BS=AS-1.8(mm)；Heavy wear area and the hardness gradient Δ HV in mild wear area when guide rail>
100, stress gradient Δ ε>When 275, undressed mild wear area is compared to undressed heavy wear area in unit
Interior weight loss reduces 19.8%.Similarly, the spacing B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in now heavy wear area can be obtainedS
With the spacing A of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in heavy wear areaSBetween need meet relational expression：BS=AS-2.6(mm)。
Due to the spacing x of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in the bionic surface in heavy wear area and the weight loss of bionic surface sample
Relational expression with respect to the weight loss reduced value Y of the unprocessed sample of the region surface is obtained by experimental fit, the relation
Can there is certain error in formula, therefore by the way that after the spacing for adjusting the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip, two wear resistances in region are still
There is slightly gap, in order to further obtain the bionic surface of wear resistance uniformity, this experiment is also using the serious mill of adjustment
Damage the depth B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in areaHTo complete.Assuming that the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in the bionic surface in heavy wear area
Depth is a, the weight loss of the weight loss with respect to the unprocessed sample of the region surface of the bionic surface sample in heavy wear region
Reduce b (× 100%).The relational expression between a and b can be then obtained by experiment：B=-0.007a+0.3738.When guide rail
The hardness gradient in heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV<70, stress gradient is Δ ε<180, after being adjusted spacing
Weight loss of the mild wear area of bionic surface compared to heavy wear area within the unit interval reduces 0.4%.It is optimal to obtain
Wear resistance surface is defined the bionical coupling unit depth A of strip chosen at mild wear areaHAfterwards, spacing is prepared in mild wear area
It is As, depth is AHStrip bionical coupling unit, after determining weight loss, obtain the mistake of the strip bionic surface sample in mild wear area
Weight loss reduced value Y of the weight with respect to the unprocessed sample of the region surfaceAH.According to relational expression YBH=-0.007BH+ 0.3738,
YBH-YAH=0.4, the depth B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in heavy wear area can be obtainedHNeed to meet：BH=AH+0.57(mm)；
When the heavy wear area of guide rail and the hardness gradient in mild wear area are 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is 180<Δε<275
When, it is adjusted weight loss of the mild wear area of the bionic surface after spacing compared to heavy wear area within the unit interval and subtracts
Lack 13.5%, then the depth B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of the strip in heavy wear areaHNeed to meet：BH=AH(mm)；It is serious when guide rail
Worn area and the hardness gradient Δ HV in mild wear area>100, stress gradient Δ ε>When 275, the bionical table after spacing is adjusted
Weight loss of the mild wear area in face compared to heavy wear area within the unit interval reduces 0.3%, then can similarly obtain tight
The depth B of the bionical coupling unit 11 of strip in weight worn areaHNeed to meet：BH=Ah+0.43(mm)。
Guide rail forms the bionical coupling unit of strip (or latticed) by surface after laser melting process, and with parent surface in flat
Face structure, the interior tissue of scope that the section of coupling unit is " U "-shaped is changed, i.e., for the tissue of parent, crystal grain is obtained
To refinement, graphite is completely converted into carbide and martensite, therefore the plasticity and hardness of coupling unit all improve compared with parent,
The bionical coupling unit of strip (or latticed) can effectively share the loading stress that parent is carried in wear process, serve protection female
The effect of body.In addition, the bionical coupling unit of point-like is by after the processing of laser high-energy beam, surface forms " U " type ring-type " point hole " knot
Structure, during the skimming wear of guide rail, abrasive wear and adhesive wear are main wear form." point hole " structure it is bionical
Coupling unit can accommodate and store some less abrasive particles, and larger abrasive particle can be made to be changed into rolling by the slip of plow form
It is dynamic, abrasive wear can be reduced.The coupling unit can also store lubricating oil, can effectively slow down abrasion.The present invention is wear-resisting by biological epidermis
Coupling phenomenon mechanism inspire, the multifactor strengthening mechanism for intercoupling, acting synergistically of mimic biology.Both can be carried
The bionical coupling element of high-wearing feature is applied in rail plate together so that the bionical coupling unit with different structure is common with body
Many structures, the multifactor double coupling unit bionic surfaces of many structures for intercoupling, interacting are constituted, the wear-resisting of rail plate is improved
Property.
The different regeneration machine with cast track preparation process away from bionic surface combination of many structures of the invention is specific as follows：
Step one, surface preparation：The machine with cast track surface of scrapping of the out-of-flatness after experience wear is entered using mechanical milling
Row pretreatment, flat surface while the various stains in surface and oxide skin is removed removes more obvious diameter in 0.01mm
Hole and polishing scratch above；
Step 2：Many structures are different away from bionic surface design：The guide rail surface of the irregular wear degree to remaining is carried out firmly
Degree or stress mornitoring analysis, the hardness or stress situation that the guide rail surface of the different degrees of wear is understood with this.Mild wear area, claims
For in A areas, hardness HV>640 or stress ε<275；Heavy wear area, referred to as B areas, hardness HV<640 or stress ε>275.
Step 3：The different preparation away from bionic surface of many structures：The surface topography of the non-uniform Distribution of mimic biology body surface is special
Levy, while hardness or stress non-uniform Distribution situation according to the Cast Iron Surface scrapped, the bionical unit of double couplings unit reasonable in design
Body spacing changes, and surface formation is coupled with the wear-resistant of the double bionical cell cubes of couplings unit of strip (or netted) of two kinds of different spacing
The combining form of the different bionic surface of performance.Wherein, the laser parameter is controlled to be：Laser power is 300W, defocusing amount ±
12mm, 90~350mA of laser current, 3~15ms of laser pulse width, Laser output frequency are 7Hz, and laser beam residence time is 1
~4s, laser scanning speed is 1~20mm/s.Hardness is prepared for the high rigidity of 700HV~1100HV is imitated by this laser parameter
The raw bionical coupling unit of cell cube, i.e. strip (or netted)；The laser parameter is controlled to be：Laser power is 300W, and defocusing amount is
1mm, laser current is 200~360mA, and laser pulse width is 0.2~2ms, and laser frequency is 40~50Hz, when laser beam is resident
Between be 1~6s, laser scanning speed be 1~30mm/s." point hole " bionical cell cube of ring-type, i.e. point is prepared by this laser parameter
Hole shape coupling unit.
Step 4：Sequent surface treatment：Scrap machine with cast track different away from bionic coupling Surface Machining through many structures heterogeneous
Afterwards, slight grinding process is carried out, the bionical coupling unit of strip (or netted), point hole shape coupling unit is formed rounding off with parent.
Table CA6140 lathes regenerate application example
Note：Using effect is to compare gained with the service life of new machine guide rail.
The laser parameter that the bionical coupling unit of strip (or netted) uses in test examples shown in table is following parameter：Swash
Light device power is 300W, defocusing amount ± 11.5mm, 90~390mA of laser current, 3~16ms of laser pulse width, Laser output frequency
It is 7Hz, laser beam residence time is 1~3s, and laser scanning speed is 1~35mm/s.The laser that the bionical coupling unit of point-like uses
The following parameter of parameter：Laser power is 300W, and defocusing amount is 1mm, and laser current is 200~360mA, and laser pulse width is
0.2~2ms, laser frequency is 40~50Hz, and laser beam residence time is 1~6s, and laser scanning speed is 1~30mm/s.
And in the bionical coupling unit of mild wear area point-like with S1Spacing be distributed in the periphery of strip (or netted) bionical coupling unit, seriously grinding
The bionical coupling unit of area's point-like is damaged with S2Spacing be distributed in the periphery of strip (or netted) bionical coupling unit, it is desirable to the bionical coupling unit of point-like
The curved transition of slot wedge, and the tissue W for being strengthened1Width is in 0.25mm~2mm.Furthermore, it desired to the bionical coupling unit of point-like
Groove width D1It is 0.25~0.45mm, depth h is required to meet 0.35mm<h1-W1<0.45mm。
Claims (10)
1. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of a kind of many structures, its working face is divided into mild wear area and heavy wear
Area, it is characterised in that being made in the guide rail mild wear area and heavy wear area has the first bionical coupling unit and the second bionical coupling
Unit；First bionical coupling is first for the bionical coupling of strip is first or netted bionical coupling unit, and the second bionical coupling unit is a hole shape coupling unit；It is wherein slight
The spacing of the bionical coupling unit of worn area first is AS, the spacing of the bionical coupling in heavy wear area first unit is BS, AS＞ BS；Second is bionical
Between coupling unit is distributed in the first bionical coupling unit.
2. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS-
1.2(mm)。
3. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=
Ah+0.57(mm)。
4. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS-
1.8(mm)。
5. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=
AH(mm)。
6. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm；Heavy wear area, the spacing of the first bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS-
2.6(mm)。
7. the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of many structures according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described slight
Worn area, the depth A of the first bionical coupling unitHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=
AH+0.43(mm)。
8. many structures according to claim 1 it is different away from bionic surface combination machine with cast track, it is characterised in that described second
Bionical coupling unit is arranged in the first bionical coupling unit periphery；In mild wear area, the second bionical coupling unit is away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit
Interval S1=AS/3；In heavy wear area, interval S of the second bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit2=BS/3。
9. many structures according to claim 8 it is different away from bionic surface combination machine with cast track, it is characterised in that second is bionical
Coupling unit cross section is first for the point hole shape coupling of " U " type ring-type, the curved transition in its edge, and point hole depth is h, 0.35mm<h<
0.45mm；In mild wear area, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit1≤S1, depth h1=W1+h；In heavy wear area,
The reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit2≤S2, depth h2=W2+h。
10. the renovation process of the different machine with cast track away from bionic surface combination of a kind of many structures as claimed in claim 1, including under
State step：
Step one, surface preparation：Using mechanical milling to the out-of-flatness after experience wear scrap machine with cast track surface carry out it is pre-
Treatment, flat surface while superficial stain and oxide skin is removed, hole and polishing scratch of the removal diameter in more than 0.01mm；
Step 2：Hardness or stress mornitoring analysis are carried out to guide rail surface, by guide rail surface hardness HV>640 or stress ε<275
Region is defined as mild wear area；By hardness HV<640 or stress ε>275 region is defined as heavy wear area；
Step 3, the bionical coupling unit of making first and the second bionical coupling unit on working face of guide rail；Wherein first bionical coupling unit is bar
The bionical coupling of shape is first or netted bionical coupling unit；Second bionical coupling unit is arranged in the first bionical coupling unit periphery, is that cross section is in " U " type ring
The point hole shape coupling unit of shape, the curved transition in its edge, point hole depth is h, 0.35mm<h<0.45mm；In mild wear area, second
Interval S of the bionical coupling unit away from the neighbouring first bionical coupling unit1=AS/ 3, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit1≤S1, depth h1
=W1+ h, ASIt is the spacing of the bionical coupling in mild wear area first unit；In heavy wear area, the second bionical coupling unit imitates away from neighbouring first
The interval S of raw coupling unit2=BS/ 3, the reinforcing tissue width W of point hole shape coupling unit2≤S2, depth h2=W2+ h, BSIt is heavy wear area
The spacing of the first bionical coupling unit；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV<70, stress gradient is Δ ε<When 180, light
Wiping area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, first is bionical
The spacing of coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.2 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=Ah+0.57(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is 70<ΔHV<100, stress gradient is 180<Δε<275
When, in mild wear area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the
The spacing of one bionical coupling unit is BS, BS=AS- 1.8 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH(mm)；
When the hardness gradient between heavy wear area and mild wear area is Δ HV>100, stress gradient Δ ε>When 275, slight
Worn area, the spacing A of the first bionical coupling unitSIt is 6~10mm, depth AHIt is 0.3~0.5mm；Heavy wear area, the first bionical coupling
The spacing of unit is BS, BS=AS- 2.6 (mm), the depth of the first bionical coupling unit is BH, BH=AH+0.43(mm)；
Step 4：Sequent surface treatment：Grinding process is carried out, the first bionical coupling unit, the second bionical coupling unit is formed circle with parent
Slip over and cross.
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| CN106475733B (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-11-13 | 吉林大学 | A kind of subregion structure bionic coupling surface reconditioning Waste machine tool guide rail and its method |
| CN108188651B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-01-10 | 吉林大学 | Strengthening repair method for chromium melting and carbon melting on surface of guide rail with non-uniform wear |
| CN109158522B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-04-30 | 吉林大学 | Large-scale crankshaft mold with coupling bionic surface |
| CN109182888B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-06-16 | 吉林大学 | High-temperature erosion and wear resistant coupling bionic part and bionic surface preparation method thereof |
| CN111390136B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏拜欧尼克智能科技有限公司 | Ductile iron punch with bionic gradient surface and processing method thereof |
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