CN105108339A - Additive manufacturing method based on titanium and titanium alloy wires - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method based on titanium and titanium alloy wires Download PDFInfo
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- CN105108339A CN105108339A CN201510541630.4A CN201510541630A CN105108339A CN 105108339 A CN105108339 A CN 105108339A CN 201510541630 A CN201510541630 A CN 201510541630A CN 105108339 A CN105108339 A CN 105108339A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal forming and manufacturing, and particularly relates to an additive manufacturing method based on titanium and titanium alloy wires. The method sequentially comprises three key process technologies, namely the high-quality titanium and titanium alloy wire preparation technology, the additive manufacturing deposition technology with wires as raw materials and laser light as a heating source, and the structure control and heat treatment technology in the titanium alloy manufacturing process. No titanium powder material is needed, and the problems are thoroughly solved. By means of additive manufacturing technology with titanium and titanium alloy wires as the raw materials, manufacturing of titanium alloy components with requirements for high quality and high reliability in the aerospace field is greatly promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal forming and manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of increasing material manufacture method based on titanium or titanium alloy metal wire material.
Background technology
The near-net-shape technology of metal generally comprises: casting (hot investment casting); isothermal forging; powder metallurgy manufacture method, belongs to and subtracts material manufacture, and fast-developing is the popular research field that metal increases that material manufacturing technology (metal 3D prints) is near-net-shape technology in recent years; Titanium or titanium alloy increases the emphasis that material manufacturing technology is studied especially both at home and abroad, domestic with BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University is that main universities and colleges and scientific research institutions achieve very large achievement in this field, have some titanium alloy members successful Application on the aircraft and rocket of emphasis model; But the raw material of domestic and international near-net-shape increasing material manufacture are all the powder of titanium alloy, have following shortcoming: 1. titanium alloy powder produces difficulty with titanium or titanium alloy powder as raw material.Titanium or titanium alloy is divided into α by tissue, nearly α, alpha+beta, nearly β, beta titanium alloy, domestic present α type titanium-pure titanium powder can outside steady production, other model titanium alloy powder due to the restriction of producing titanium alloy powder technical matters and equipment level still can not steady production; Because the titanium alloy powder component requirements for increasing material manufacture is strict, granularity and shape have decisive influence to manufacturing process, titanium alloy member is used in the key areas such as Aero-Space mostly, mechanical property requirements is high, need titanium alloy powder that is stable and ultralow interstitial impurity constituent content, and titanium alloy powder chemism is high, specific area is large, and production technology is difficult to break through; 2. raw material sources is limited: domestic TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V, the type alpha+beta) titanium alloy powder being mainly used in increasing material manufacture use also needs import, and expensive, cost is high.Particularly for the structural titanium alloy powder of the high temperature resistant titanium alloy be used on Aero-Space engine and high-intensity high-tenacity, belong to extremely sensitive material, almost without import possibility.This Ye Shi China does not have large-area applications to increase the reason of material manufacture titanium alloy member; Although the more domestic units of the pure titanium powder of α type can steady production, its primary articles is mainly used in civilian corrosion-resistant field, and other near-net-shape technology ratio, and price does not obviously have advantage.3. powder using efficiency problem.Increase in material manufacture process with titanium or titanium alloy powder, inevitably want some powder to lose, can not recycle, cause cost to increase further.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of increasing material manufacture method based on titanium or titanium alloy metal wire material.
Increasing material manufacture method based on titanium or titanium alloy metal wire material of the present invention, main points are to comprise three critical workflow processes, first be high-quality titanium or titanium alloy silk material preparation technology, secondly for make raw material with silk material, the increasing material that laser makes heating source manufactures deposition techniques, is finally the organizational controls in titanium alloy member manufacture process and Technology for Heating Processing.
High-quality titanium alloy wire manufactures the basis that high-quality increases material titanium alloy member, and the founding of raw material and titanium alloy ingot is the core process of producing titanium alloy wire; Its production craft step is: 1. need to select the intermediate alloy and simple metal that surpass 0 grade of titanium sponge and extra low impurity content; 2. prepare burden according to the specific requirement of each titanium alloy trade mark, be pressed into the consutrode block of melting with hydraulic extrusion press; 3. with plasma welding machine under vacuum conditions assembly welding become consumable electrode; 4. according to the difference of titanium alloy trade mark alloy content, different method of smelting is adopted: alloy content < 10%(percentage by weight, lower same), adopt twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace to be smelted into titanium ingot; The titanium alloy of 10% < alloy content < 20%, adopts three vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces to be smelted into titanium ingot; The high alloy content titanium alloy of alloy content > 20%, for preventing segregation, the method of smelting of twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace+vacuum consumable skull crucible need be adopted to be smelted into titanium ingot, the titanium alloy ingot be smelted into is except the alloy meeting its principal component requires, the requirement of its impurity component must control at O < 0.08%, N < 0.002%, H < 0.001%, C < 0.002%. the present invention has the element of the crystal grain thinning of Jia Ru≤0.005%;
The titanium alloy ingot be smelted into carries out hot forging by the requirement of its trade mark, and hot rolling dish circle, reconditioning, cold drawn, a series of normal procedure of vacuum annealing is processed into the soft state parcel of titanium alloy of φ 2.The present invention is different with precision according to the size of the titanium alloy parts manufactured, and needs the titanium alloy wire of production 0.01 < φ < 1.0 to meet technological requirement.Need on Roller die stretching machine (wire rolling mill), with φ 2 parcel for raw material is processed further; Draw (rolling) for technology point with homemade argon shield continuous heating equipment temperature on wire rolling mill, temperature controls according to the transformation temperature difference of its titanium alloy different, 600 DEG C---and 950 DEG C.Finished silk wants unstress state silk, and smooth surface contamination-free, is wound on the reel of automatic wire feeder.
Select using laser as thermal source to be that stable, hot compress shaping heat affected area is little because its burn-off rate is fast, titanium alloy member distortion these advantages little; Certainly, also can use electron beam, plasma, electric arc carries out being shaped with the increasing material manufacture that silk material is raw material as thermal source, respectively has its pluses and minuses; The present invention only makes thermal source technology with laser and is described; The laser cladding forming machine that the present invention uses is that change system into, table stroke is of a size of 200 × 200 × 300, and control and Slice Software are independent research based on the lasing light emitter of the energy automatic feeding of outsourcing.
The present invention with silk material for the technical matters process that raw material laser cladding is shaped is 1. titanium alloy member drawing to be manufactured is carried out digitized processing section; programming is 2. according to the trade mark of titanium alloy; tissue characteristic; the design feature of thermodynamic data and these parts sets up setting temperature number of fields word model; select rational titanium silk specification and deposition rate 3. to choose the voltage of laser machine, 5. the flow pressure that 4. electric current and optical parametric set up laser cladding position protective gas is set up the flow of the protective gas of the titanium alloy metal parts jacket of shaping and pressure and is 6. started hot compress and be shaped.
Nearly shaping for titanium alloy increases material manufacture, no matter be raw material be metal dust or silk material, the control of titanium alloy parts tissue is to its normal temperature mechanical performance and high-temperature behavior, fatigue behaviour, fracture toughness, impact flexibility has decisive influence, and the stress distribution formed in forming process and residual stress are to the distortion of titanium alloy member, and cracking has material impact; This is also the problem that increasing material manufacture production high-quality parts must solve; The solution of the problems referred to above of the present invention is: the low gap impurity element O 1. strictly controlling titanium alloy wire, the content of N, H, C; 2. dose the element of the crystal grain thinning of trace, control grain growth; 3. according to the transformation temperature of the titanium alloy trade mark, solidifying with in cooling procedure, the temperature of adjustment gas shield, air pressure, flow, makes to ensure cooling velocity within the scope of its solid solution temperature, particularly for organizing alpha+beta, nearly β and beta titanium alloy parts are very necessary especially; 4. control deposition rate, different positions, the speed that heat distributes is different, and deposition rate also will be had any different.5. according to models for temperature field and the wall thickness dimension of different titanium alloy member process of setting, determine the tandem of welded part, make its stress distribution evenly, reduce the gathering of residual stress.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention without titanium powder material, thoroughly solves the problems referred to above completely; Manufacture with the increasing material of titanium or titanium alloy silk material as raw material, manufacture for the aerospace field titanium alloy member of high-quality high reliability request has larger facilitation, inserts thing and other civilian titanium alloy products also have higher using value to the single and mini-batch production human body of complex object.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-quality titanium or titanium alloy silk material preparation technology FB(flow block) of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is organizational controls in titanium alloy member manufacture process of the present invention and Technology for Heating Processing FB(flow block).
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Increasing material manufacture method based on titanium or titanium alloy metal wire material of the present invention, comprise three critical workflow processes, first be high-quality titanium or titanium alloy silk material preparation technology, secondly for make raw material with silk material, the increasing material that laser makes heating source manufactures deposition techniques, is finally the organizational controls in titanium alloy member manufacture process and Technology for Heating Processing.
High-quality titanium alloy wire manufactures the basis that high-quality increases material titanium alloy member, and the founding of raw material and titanium alloy ingot is the core process of producing titanium alloy wire; Its production craft step is: 1. need to select the intermediate alloy and simple metal that surpass 0 grade of titanium sponge and extra low impurity content; 2. prepare burden according to the specific requirement of each titanium alloy trade mark, be pressed into the consutrode block of melting with hydraulic extrusion press; 3. with plasma welding machine under vacuum conditions assembly welding become consumable electrode; 4. according to the difference of titanium alloy trade mark alloy content, different method of smelting is adopted: alloy content < 10%(percentage by weight, lower same), adopt twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace to be smelted into titanium ingot; The titanium alloy of 10% < alloy content < 20%, adopts three vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces to be smelted into titanium ingot; The high alloy content titanium alloy of alloy content > 20%, for preventing segregation, the method of smelting of twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace+vacuum consumable skull crucible need be adopted to be smelted into titanium ingot, the titanium alloy ingot be smelted into is except the alloy meeting its principal component requires, the requirement of its impurity component must control at O < 0.08%, N < 0.002%, H < 0.001%, C < 0.002%. the present invention has the element of the crystal grain thinning of Jia Ru≤0.005%;
The titanium alloy ingot be smelted into carries out hot forging by the requirement of its trade mark, and hot rolling dish circle, reconditioning, cold drawn, a series of normal procedure of vacuum annealing is processed into the soft state parcel of titanium alloy of φ 2.The present invention is different with precision according to the size of the titanium alloy parts manufactured, and needs the titanium alloy wire of production 0.01 < φ < 1.0 to meet technological requirement.Need on Roller die stretching machine (wire rolling mill), with φ 2 parcel for raw material is processed further; Draw (rolling) for technology point with homemade argon shield continuous heating equipment temperature on wire rolling mill, temperature controls according to the transformation temperature difference of its titanium alloy different, 600 DEG C---and 950 DEG C.Finished silk wants unstress state silk, and smooth surface contamination-free, is wound on the reel of automatic wire feeder.
Select using laser as thermal source to be that stable, hot compress shaping heat affected area is little because its burn-off rate is fast, titanium alloy member distortion these advantages little; Certainly, also can use electron beam, plasma, electric arc carries out being shaped with the increasing material manufacture that silk material is raw material as thermal source, respectively has its pluses and minuses; The present invention only makes thermal source technology with laser and is described; The laser cladding forming machine that the present invention uses is that change system into, table stroke is of a size of 200 × 200 × 300, and control and Slice Software are independent research based on the lasing light emitter of the energy automatic feeding of outsourcing.
The present invention with silk material for the technical matters process that raw material laser cladding is shaped is 1. titanium alloy member drawing to be manufactured is carried out digitized processing section; programming is 2. according to the trade mark of titanium alloy; tissue characteristic; the design feature of thermodynamic data and these parts sets up setting temperature number of fields word model; select rational titanium silk specification and deposition rate 3. to choose the voltage of laser machine, 5. the flow pressure that 4. electric current and optical parametric set up laser cladding position protective gas is set up the flow of the protective gas of the titanium alloy metal parts jacket of shaping and pressure and is 6. started hot compress and be shaped.
Nearly shaping for titanium alloy increases material manufacture, no matter be raw material be metal dust or silk material, the control of titanium alloy parts tissue is to its normal temperature mechanical performance and high-temperature behavior, fatigue behaviour, fracture toughness, impact flexibility has decisive influence, and the stress distribution formed in forming process and residual stress are to the distortion of titanium alloy member, and cracking has material impact; This is also the problem that increasing material manufacture production high-quality parts must solve; The solution of the problems referred to above of the present invention is: the low gap impurity element O 1. strictly controlling titanium alloy wire, the content of N, H, C; 2. dose the element of the crystal grain thinning of trace, control grain growth; 3. according to the transformation temperature of the titanium alloy trade mark, solidifying with in cooling procedure, the temperature of adjustment gas shield, air pressure, flow, makes to ensure cooling velocity within the scope of its solid solution temperature, particularly for organizing alpha+beta, nearly β and beta titanium alloy parts are very necessary especially; 4. control deposition rate, different positions, the speed that heat distributes is different, and deposition rate also will be had any different.5. according to models for temperature field and the wall thickness dimension of different titanium alloy member process of setting, determine the tandem of welded part, make its stress distribution evenly, reduce the gathering of residual stress.
Golf first club wooden head is titanium alloy, due to bulb upper cover, goes to the bottom and the scope of attack, and mechanical performance requires different with mouldability; Therefore the titanium alloy trade mark is different, and scope of attack material is very large due to suffered impulsive force, need the impact flexibility of material and hardness requirement higher, five-star bulb scope of attack material is beta titanium alloy; Upper cover is alpha and beta type titan alloy, goes to the bottom as nearly alpha titanium alloy; Traditional manufacture method cannot manufacture, and can only increase material manufacture method with " 3D printing " and produce, each several part titanium alloy wire materials laser cladding of the different trade mark is shaped.
Claims (1)
1. the increasing material manufacture method based on titanium or titanium alloy metal wire material, it is characterized in that comprising three critical workflow processes, first be high-quality titanium or titanium alloy silk material preparation technology, secondly for make raw material with silk material, the increasing material that laser makes heating source manufactures deposition techniques, is finally the organizational controls in titanium alloy member manufacture process and Technology for Heating Processing;
High-quality titanium alloy wire manufactures the basis that high-quality increases material titanium alloy member, and the founding of raw material and titanium alloy ingot is the core process of producing titanium alloy wire; Its production craft step is: 1. need to select the intermediate alloy and simple metal that surpass 0 grade of titanium sponge and extra low impurity content; 2. prepare burden according to the specific requirement of each titanium alloy trade mark, be pressed into the consutrode block of melting with hydraulic extrusion press; 3. with plasma welding machine under vacuum conditions assembly welding become consumable electrode; 4. according to the difference of titanium alloy trade mark alloy content, different method of smelting is adopted: alloy content < 10%(percentage by weight, lower same), adopt twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace to be smelted into titanium ingot; The titanium alloy of 10% < alloy content < 20%, adopts three vacuum consumable electrode arc furnaces to be smelted into titanium ingot; The high alloy content titanium alloy of alloy content > 20%, for preventing segregation, the method of smelting of twice vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace+vacuum consumable skull crucible need be adopted to be smelted into titanium ingot, the titanium alloy ingot be smelted into is except the alloy meeting its principal component requires, the requirement of its impurity component must control at O < 0.08%, N < 0.002%, H < 0.001%, C < 0.002%. the present invention has the element of the crystal grain thinning of Jia Ru≤0.005%;
The titanium alloy ingot be smelted into carries out hot forging by the requirement of its trade mark, hot rolling dish circle, reconditioning, and cold drawn, a series of normal procedure of vacuum annealing is processed into the soft state parcel of titanium alloy of φ 2;
The present invention is different with precision according to the size of the titanium alloy parts manufactured, and needs the titanium alloy wire of production 0.01 < φ < 1.0 to meet technological requirement;
Need on Roller die stretching machine (wire rolling mill), with φ 2 parcel for raw material is processed further; Draw (rolling) for technology point with homemade argon shield continuous heating equipment temperature on wire rolling mill, temperature controls according to the transformation temperature difference of its titanium alloy different, 600 DEG C---and 950 DEG C;
Finished silk wants unstress state silk, smooth surface contamination-free, is wound on the reel of automatic wire feeder;
Select using laser as thermal source to be that stable, hot compress shaping heat affected area is little because its burn-off rate is fast, titanium alloy member distortion these advantages little; Certainly, also can use electron beam, plasma, electric arc carries out being shaped with the increasing material manufacture that silk material is raw material as thermal source, respectively has its pluses and minuses; The present invention only makes thermal source technology with laser and is described; The laser cladding forming machine that the present invention uses is that change system into, table stroke is of a size of 200 × 200 × 300, and control and Slice Software are independent research based on the lasing light emitter of the energy automatic feeding of outsourcing;
The present invention with silk material for the technical matters process that raw material laser cladding is shaped is 1. titanium alloy member drawing to be manufactured is carried out digitized processing section, programming is 2. according to the trade mark of titanium alloy, tissue characteristic, the design feature of thermodynamic data and these parts sets up setting temperature number of fields word model, select rational titanium silk specification and deposition rate 3. to choose the voltage of laser machine, 5. the flow pressure that 4. electric current and optical parametric set up laser cladding position protective gas is set up the flow of the protective gas of the titanium alloy metal parts jacket of shaping and pressure and is 6. started hot compress and be shaped;
Nearly shaping for titanium alloy increases material manufacture, no matter be raw material be metal dust or silk material, the control of titanium alloy parts tissue is to its normal temperature mechanical performance and high-temperature behavior, fatigue behaviour, fracture toughness, impact flexibility has decisive influence, and the stress distribution formed in forming process and residual stress are to the distortion of titanium alloy member, and cracking has material impact; This is also the problem that increasing material manufacture production high-quality parts must solve; The solution of the problems referred to above of the present invention is: the low gap impurity element O 1. strictly controlling titanium alloy wire, the content of N, H, C; 2. dose the element of the crystal grain thinning of trace, control grain growth; 3. according to the transformation temperature of the titanium alloy trade mark, solidifying with in cooling procedure, the temperature of adjustment gas shield, air pressure, flow, makes to ensure cooling velocity within the scope of its solid solution temperature, particularly for organizing alpha+beta, nearly β and beta titanium alloy parts are very necessary especially; 4. control deposition rate, different positions, the speed that heat distributes is different, and deposition rate also will be had any different;
5. according to models for temperature field and the wall thickness dimension of different titanium alloy member process of setting, determine the tandem of welded part, make its stress distribution evenly, reduce the gathering of residual stress.
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| CN105541108A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-05-04 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Preparation method of chalcogenide glass element based on 3D printing technology |
| CN105957648A (en) * | 2016-06-26 | 2016-09-21 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of metal composite conductive part |
| CN106903394A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-30 | 常州长东增材制造有限公司 | A kind of almag structural member increasing material manufacturing method |
| CN108251696A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-07-06 | 林恒 | Titanium niobium zirconium superelastic alloy material with high intensity high-flexibility and preparation method thereof |
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