CN105108150A - Preparation method of silver-copper-oxide electrical contact material - Google Patents
Preparation method of silver-copper-oxide electrical contact material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105108150A CN105108150A CN201510566450.1A CN201510566450A CN105108150A CN 105108150 A CN105108150 A CN 105108150A CN 201510566450 A CN201510566450 A CN 201510566450A CN 105108150 A CN105108150 A CN 105108150A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a silver-copper-oxide electrical contact material, which comprises the following steps: 1 weighing oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively and processing the weighed oxide powder through the high energy ball milling method to obtain a nanometer level oxide powder; 2 mixing a silver powder, a copper powder and a nanometer level oxide powder obtained from step 1 to obtain a mixed powder A, and conducting mechanical alloyage surface treatment to the mixed powder A to obtain a mixed powder B; and 3 conducting procedures of annealing, moulding, sintering and extruding to the mixed powder B obtained from step 2 to obtain the silver-copper-oxide electrical contact material. According to the preparation method of the silver-copper-oxide electrical contact material, the cheap metal copper is used to substitute partial precious metals silver; at the same time, oxide is added to prepare the electrical contact material; in this way, not only the preparation cost is low; the obtained electrical contact material has good conductive performance and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite material and preparation method thereof technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of silver copper oxide electrical contact material.
Background technology
Existing Ag-based electrical contact material preparation method is mainly divided into traditional handicraft and is conducive to improving the new technology of contact performance.
Traditional handicraft roughly can be summarized as two kinds, respectively: general powder metallurgic method (prior powder metallurgy method, reaction spray-on process, mechanical alloying method, reaction synthesis method) and internal oxidation (alloy inner oxidation method, pre-oxidation alloyage); But mostly there is the problem that combination property is poor and service life is short of the electrical contact material prepared in traditional handicraft.
In recent years, the new technology being conducive to improving contact performance grows up gradually, and these new technologies can be subdivided into: spray deposition, sol-gel process, fibre strengthening method, isostatic pressed method for making, plasma spraying process etc.Although the electric conductivity of the electrical contact material utilizing these methods to prepare is all relatively good, mostly all there is the shortcoming that cost is high, technological parameter complicated difficult is grown with control, process cycle, be difficult to realize suitability for industrialized production application.
In electrical contact material production technology, particularly want a large amount of use silver, the increase of preparation cost will be caused like this.But in the prior art, if reduce silver content in electrical contact material preparation technology, the electric conductivity of contact material and processing characteristics will be caused also to decrease, finally affect combination property and the service life of contact material.
With regard to prior art, also do not occur on the market utilizing cheap metallic copper to replace part noble silver, add the method that oxide prepares electrical contact material simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of silver copper oxide electrical contact material, cheap metallic copper is utilized to replace part noble silver, add oxide simultaneously and prepare electrical contact material, not only preparation cost is low, and the electrical contact material prepared conducts electricity very well, long service life.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of preparation method of silver copper oxide electrical contact material, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, adopt high-energy ball milling method to process the oxide powder taken, obtain nanometer oxide powder;
Step 2, by silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder mixing of step 1, form mixed powder A, mechanical alloying surface treatment is carried out to mixed powder A, obtains mixed powder B;
Step 3, the mixed powder B obtained through step 2 is annealed successively, shaping, sintering and extrusion process, prepare silver copper oxide electrical contact material.
Feature of the present invention is also:
Step 1 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 1.1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, the mass ratio of oxide powder and abrading-ball is 1:(5 ~ 30);
Oxide powder adopts SnO
2powder, ZnO powder, SiO
2powder, CdO powder, La
2o
3powder or CuO powder;
Step 1.2, first the oxide powder taken in step 1.1 to be added in ball grinder together with abrading-ball, then absolute ethyl alcohol is added to ball grinder, every gram of oxide powder will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, and open ball grinder and start ball-milling treatment, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 4h;
Step 1.3, the material obtained after step 1.2 ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanometer oxide powder.
Abrading-ball in step 1.2 is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls.
In step 1.2, the cumulative volume of oxide powder, abrading-ball and absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 30% ~ 50% of ball grinder volume.
Step 2 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 2.1, in mass ratio for (40 ~ 90): (5 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 20) takes silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder of step 1 respectively;
Step 2.2, the silver powder taken in step 2.1, copper powder, nanometer oxide powder to be mixed, form mixed powder A;
Step 2.3, mechanical alloying surface treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A that step 2.2 obtains, obtain the mixed powder B mixed.
In step 2, the average grain diameter of silver powder is 45 microns ~ 80 microns.
Step 2.3 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 2.3.1, take abrading-ball and the mixed powder A that obtains through step 2.2 respectively, the mass ratio of mixed powder A and abrading-ball is 1:(10 ~ 20);
Step 2.3.2, first the abrading-ball taken in step 2.3.1 is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, ball-milling treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 8h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains mixed powder B.
Abrading-ball in step 2.3 is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls.
Step 3 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 3.1, mixed powder B step 2 obtained are placed in 300 DEG C ~ 450 DEG C vacuum sintering furnaces and carry out annealing in process, fill nitrogen or hydrogen is protected in annealing process, take out, obtain mixed powder C after insulation 1h ~ 3h;
Step 3.2, mixed powder C step 3.1 obtained load in isostatic pressing mold, and under 200MPa ~ 300MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process to mixed powder C, the processing time is 3min ~ 5min, obtains shaping yellow gold post base;
Isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 8cm ~ 12cm;
Step 3.3, the yellow gold post base obtained is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 550 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C sinters through step 3.2, be filled with nitrogen or hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 3h ~ 8h, obtained bar-shaped section bar;
Step 3.4, bar-shaped section bar that step 3.3 is obtained after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar;
Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 350 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
The needs of step 3.5, foundation actual industrial production, shape extrusion obtained for step 3.4 to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, solves existing electrical contact material and is prepared in that the use content of the silver existed in preparation process is high, cost is large, the production cycle is long, oxide is easy to segregation and the problem of complex process.
2., in the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, with the addition of some oxide powders (as: SnO
2, ZnO, SiO
2, CdO, La
2o
3, CuO) as wild phase, greatly can improve abrasion resistance properties and the resistance fusion welding energy of electrical contact.
3. metallic copper and silver are all face-centred cubic structure, there is good electric conductivity and plasticity, in the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, by substituting the part silver in silver (Ag) base contact material with metallic copper (Cu), significantly reduce the use content of silver, save preparation cost, maintain higher electrical conductivity simultaneously, improve the processability of electrical contact material.
4. in the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, adopt high-energy ball-milling process Processing Ag, copper, oxide composite powder, technique is simple and preparation cost is lower.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
The preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, adopt high-energy ball milling method to process the oxide powder taken, obtain nanometer oxide powder, specifically implement according to following steps:
Step 1.1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, the mass ratio of oxide powder and abrading-ball is 1:(5 ~ 30);
Oxide powder adopts SnO
2powder, ZnO powder, SiO
2powder, CdO powder, La
2o
3powder or CuO powder;
Step 1.2, first the oxide powder taken in step 1.1 to be added in ball grinder together with abrading-ball, then absolute ethyl alcohol is added to ball grinder, every gram of oxide powder will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, and open ball grinder and start ball-milling treatment, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 4h;
In order to ensure ball milling effect, in mechanical milling process, the cumulative volume of oxide powder, abrading-ball and absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 30% ~ 50% of ball grinder volume;
The abrading-ball adopted in step 1.2 is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls;
Step 1.3, the material obtained after step 1.2 ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanometer oxide powder.
Step 2, by silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder mixing of step 1, form mixed powder A, mechanical alloying surface treatment carried out to mixed powder A, obtains mixed powder B, specifically implement according to following steps:
Step 2.1, in mass ratio for (40 ~ 90): (5 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 20) takes silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder of step 1 respectively;
Wherein, the average grain diameter of silver powder is 45 microns ~ 80 microns;
Step 2.2, the silver powder taken in step 2.1, copper powder, nanometer oxide powder to be mixed, form mixed powder A;
Step 2.3, mechanical alloying surface treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A that step 2.2 obtains, obtains the mixed powder B mixed, specifically implement according to following steps:
Step 2.3.1, take abrading-ball and the mixed powder A that obtains through step 2.2 respectively, the mass ratio of mixed powder A and abrading-ball is 1:(10 ~ 20);
The abrading-ball adopted is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls;
Step 2.3.2, first the abrading-ball taken in step 2.3.1 is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, ball-milling treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 8h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed.
Step 3, the mixed powder B obtained through step 2 is annealed successively, shaping, sintering and extrusion process, prepare silver copper oxide electrical contact material, specifically implement according to following steps:
Step 3.1, mixed powder B step 2 obtained are placed in 300 DEG C ~ 450 DEG C vacuum sintering furnaces and carry out annealing in process, fill nitrogen or hydrogen is protected in annealing process, take out, obtain mixed powder C after insulation 1h ~ 3h;
Step 3.2, mixed powder C step 3.1 obtained load in isostatic pressing mold, and under 200MPa ~ 300MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process to mixed powder C, the processing time is 3min ~ 5min, obtains shaping yellow gold post base;
Isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 8cm ~ 12cm;
Step 3.3, the yellow gold post base obtained is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 550 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C sinters through step 3.2, be filled with nitrogen or hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 3h ~ 8h, obtained bar-shaped section bar;
Step 3.4, bar-shaped section bar that step 3.3 is obtained after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar;
Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 350 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
The needs of step 3.5, foundation actual industrial production, shape extrusion obtained for step 3.4 to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Embodiment 1
Take SnO respectively
2powder and stainless steel abrading-ball, SnO
2the mass ratio of powder and stainless steel abrading-ball is 1:5; The SnO first will taken
2powder adds in ball grinder together with stainless steel abrading-ball, then adds absolute ethyl alcohol to ball grinder, every gram of SnO
2powder adds 2.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, opens ball grinder, obtains nano SnO after ball milling 4h
2powder; By the nano SnO obtained after ball milling
2powder is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanoscale SnO
2powder;
Silver powder, copper powder and nanoscale SnO is taken respectively in mass ratio for 90:5:5
2powder; Wherein the average grain diameter of silver powder is 45 microns; By the silver powder, copper powder, the nanoscale SnO that take
2powder mixes, and forms mixed powder A; Take stainless steel abrading-ball and mixed powder A respectively, the ratio of grinding media to material of mixed powder A and stainless steel abrading-ball is 1:10; First the stainless steel abrading-ball taken is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 2.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, carry out ball-milling treatment to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 8h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed;
Mixed powder B is placed in 450 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnaces and carries out annealing in process, in annealing process, fill nitrogen protection, take out after insulation 1h, obtain mixed powder C; Loaded in isostatic pressing mold by mixed powder C, under 200MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process, the processing time is 5min, and isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 10cm, obtains shaping yellow gold post base; Yellow gold post base is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 550 DEG C and sinters, be filled with nitrogen as protection, take out after insulation 8h, obtained bar-shaped section bar; By the bar-shaped section bar that obtains after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar; Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 350 DEG C; According to the needs of actual industrial production, obtained shape extrusion to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Embodiment 2
Take ZnO powder and bearing steel abrading-ball respectively, the mass ratio of ZnO powder and bearing steel abrading-ball is 1:20; First add in ball grinder by the ZnO powder taken together with bearing steel abrading-ball, then add absolute ethyl alcohol to ball grinder, every gram of ZnO powder will add 3.2ml absolute ethyl alcohol, opens ball grinder, obtains nanometer ZnO powder after ball milling 2h; The nanometer ZnO powder obtained after ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanoscale ZnO powder;
Silver powder, copper powder and nanoscale ZnO powder is taken respectively in mass ratio for 70:20:10; Wherein the average grain diameter of silver powder is 65 microns; The silver powder taken, copper powder, nanoscale ZnO powder are mixed, forms mixed powder A; Take bearing steel abrading-ball and mixed powder A respectively, the ratio of grinding media to material of mixed powder A and bearing steel abrading-ball is 1:15; First the bearing steel abrading-ball taken is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 3.2ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, carry out ball-milling treatment to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 4h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed;
Mixed powder B is placed in 350 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnaces and carries out annealing in process, in annealing process, fill nitrogen protection, take out after insulation 2h, obtain mixed powder C; Loaded in isostatic pressing mold by mixed powder C, under 250MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process, the processing time is 4min, and isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 8cm, obtains shaping yellow gold post base; Yellow gold post base is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 700 DEG C and sinters, be filled with nitrogen as protection, take out after insulation 4h, obtained bar-shaped section bar; By the bar-shaped section bar that obtains after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar; Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 450 DEG C; According to the needs of actual industrial production, obtained shape extrusion to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Embodiment 3
Take SiO respectively
2powder and zirconium oxide balls, SiO
2the mass ratio of powder and zirconium oxide balls is 1:30; The SiO first will taken
2powder adds in ball grinder together with zirconium oxide balls, then adds absolute ethyl alcohol to ball grinder, every gram of SiO
2powder will add 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, opens ball grinder, obtains Nano-meter SiO_2 after ball milling 1h
2powder; By the Nano-meter SiO_2 obtained after ball milling
2powder is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanoscale SiO
2powder;
Silver powder, copper powder and nanoscale SiO is taken respectively in mass ratio for 40:40:20
2powder; Wherein the average grain diameter of silver powder is 80 microns; By the silver powder, copper powder, the nanoscale SiO that take
2powder mixes, and forms mixed powder A; Take zirconium oxide balls and mixed powder A respectively, the ratio of grinding media to material of mixed powder A and zirconium oxide balls is 1:20; First the zirconium oxide balls taken is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, carry out ball-milling treatment to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed;
Mixed powder B is placed in 300 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnaces and carries out annealing in process, in annealing process, fill nitrogen protection, take out after insulation 3h, obtain mixed powder C; Loaded in isostatic pressing mold by mixed powder C, under 300MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process, the processing time is 3min, and isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 12cm, obtains shaping yellow gold post base; Yellow gold post base is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 750 DEG C and sinters, be filled with hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 3h, obtained bar-shaped section bar; By the bar-shaped section bar that obtains after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar; Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 500 DEG C; According to the needs of actual industrial production, obtained shape extrusion to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Embodiment 4
Take CdO powder and zirconium oxide balls respectively, the mass ratio of CdO powder and zirconium oxide balls is 1:10; First added together with zirconium oxide balls in ball grinder by the CdO powder taken, then add absolute ethyl alcohol to ball grinder, every gram of CdO powder will add 3.5ml absolute ethyl alcohol, opens ball grinder, obtains nanometer CdO powder after ball milling 1.5h; The nanometer CdO powder obtained after ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanoscale CdO powder;
Silver powder, copper powder and nanoscale CdO powder is taken respectively in mass ratio for 90:40:20; Wherein the average grain diameter of silver powder is 75 microns; The silver powder taken, copper powder, nanoscale CdO powder are mixed, forms mixed powder A; Take zirconium oxide balls and mixed powder A respectively, the ratio of grinding media to material of mixed powder A and zirconium oxide balls is 1:18; First the zirconium oxide balls taken is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 3.5ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, carry out ball-milling treatment to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 2h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed;
Mixed powder B is placed in 350 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnaces and carries out annealing in process, in annealing process, fill nitrogen protection, take out after insulation 2.5h, obtain mixed powder C; Mixed powder C is loaded in isostatic pressing mold, isostatic compaction process is carried out under 280MPa pressure, processing time is 3.5min, and isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 12cm, obtains shaping yellow gold post base; Yellow gold post base is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 700 DEG C and sinters, be filled with hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 4.5h, obtained bar-shaped section bar; By the bar-shaped section bar that obtains after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar; Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 400 DEG C; According to the needs of actual industrial production, obtained shape extrusion to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Embodiment 5
Take CuO powder and zirconium oxide balls respectively, the mass ratio of CuO powder and zirconium oxide balls is 1:25; First added together with zirconium oxide balls in ball grinder by the CuO powder taken, then add absolute ethyl alcohol to ball grinder, every gram of CuO powder will add 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, opens ball grinder, obtains nanometer CuO powder after ball milling 2h; The nanometer CuO powder obtained after ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanoscale CuO powder;
Silver powder, copper powder and nanoscale CuO powder is taken respectively in mass ratio for 40:5:0.1; Wherein the average grain diameter of silver powder is 75 microns; The silver powder taken, copper powder, nanoscale CuO powder are mixed, forms mixed powder A; Take zirconium oxide balls and mixed powder A respectively, the ratio of grinding media to material of mixed powder A and zirconium oxide balls is 1:16; First the zirconium oxide balls taken is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, carry out ball-milling treatment to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 6h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains the mixed powder B mixed;
Mixed powder B is placed in 450 DEG C of vacuum sintering furnaces and carries out annealing in process, in annealing process, fill nitrogen protection, take out after insulation 1.5h, obtain mixed powder C; Loaded in isostatic pressing mold by mixed powder C, under 300MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process, the processing time is 5min, and isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 10cm, obtains shaping yellow gold post base; Yellow gold post base is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 600 DEG C and sinters, be filled with hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 5h, obtained bar-shaped section bar; By the bar-shaped section bar that obtains after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar; Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 450 DEG C; According to the needs of actual industrial production, obtained shape extrusion to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
The effect of each raw material in the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide of the present invention electrical contact material:
Nanometer oxide powder: the oxide powder particle through high-energy ball milling is tiny, pattern becomes subsphaeroidal from irregular shape, dispersion-strengtherning mechanism can be formed by Dispersed precipitate uniformly in matrix, improve the hardness of electrical contact material, make electrical contact mechanical wear resistance in use can and electric life improve a lot, improve the electrical contact performance of electrical contact material simultaneously, local temperature rise is reduced.
Copper powder: because copper has good electric conductivity and plasticity, performance is similar to silver, substitutes the part silver in silver based contact material with metallic copper, reduce the use content of silver, save preparation cost, maintain higher electrical conductivity simultaneously, improve the processability of contact material.
Silver powder: the electrical and thermal conductivity performance of silver is excellent, and matter is soft, ductility is good, not oxidizable under high temperature, is not subject to chemicals corrosion, is that matrix can keep electric conductivity that contact material is good and stability in use with silver.
The preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material of the present invention, cheap metallic copper is utilized to replace part noble silver, add oxide simultaneously and prepare electrical contact material, not only preparation cost is low, and the electrical contact material prepared conducts electricity very well long service life.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for silver copper oxide electrical contact material, is characterized in that, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, adopt high-energy ball milling method to process the oxide powder taken, obtain nanometer oxide powder;
Step 2, by silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder mixing of step 1, form mixed powder A, mechanical alloying surface treatment is carried out to mixed powder A, obtains mixed powder B;
Step 3, the mixed powder B obtained through step 2 is annealed successively, shaping, sintering and extrusion process, prepare silver copper oxide electrical contact material.
2. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 1 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 1.1, take oxide powder and abrading-ball respectively, the mass ratio of oxide powder and abrading-ball is 1:(5 ~ 30);
Described oxide powder adopts SnO
2powder, ZnO powder, SiO
2powder, CdO powder, La
2o
3powder or CuO powder;
Step 1.2, first the oxide powder taken in step 1.1 to be added in ball grinder together with abrading-ball, then absolute ethyl alcohol is added to ball grinder, every gram of oxide powder will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, and open ball grinder and start ball-milling treatment, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 4h;
Step 1.3, the material obtained after step 1.2 ball milling is positioned over air drying, namely obtains nanometer oxide powder.
3. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the abrading-ball in described step 1.2 is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls.
4. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step 1.2, the cumulative volume of oxide powder, abrading-ball and absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 30% ~ 50% of ball grinder volume.
5. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 2.1, in mass ratio for (40 ~ 90): (5 ~ 40): (0.1 ~ 20) takes silver powder, copper powder and through the obtained nanometer oxide powder of step 1 respectively;
Step 2.2, the silver powder taken in step 2.1, copper powder, nanometer oxide powder to be mixed, form mixed powder A;
Step 2.3, mechanical alloying surface treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A that step 2.2 obtains, obtain the mixed powder B mixed.
6. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the average grain diameter of silver powder is 45 microns ~ 80 microns.
7. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described step 2.3 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 2.3.1, take abrading-ball and the mixed powder A that obtains through step 2.2 respectively, the mass ratio of mixed powder A and abrading-ball is 1:(10 ~ 20);
Step 2.3.2, first the abrading-ball taken in step 2.3.1 is joined in high energy ball mill together with mixed powder A, then in high energy ball mill, absolute ethyl alcohol is added, every gram of mixed powder A will add 2.8ml ~ 3.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, open high energy ball mill, ball-milling treatment is carried out to the mixed powder A in high energy ball mill, realize mechanical alloying, the ball-milling treatment time is 1h ~ 8h, nano oxide powder less in mechanical milling process is embedded in larger particles shape metal, obtains mixed powder B.
8. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the abrading-ball in described step 2.3 is stainless steel abrading-ball, bearing steel abrading-ball or zirconium oxide balls.
9. the preparation method of a kind of silver copper oxide electrical contact material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 3 is specifically implemented according to following steps:
Step 3.1, mixed powder B step 2 obtained are placed in 300 DEG C ~ 450 DEG C vacuum sintering furnaces and carry out annealing in process, fill nitrogen or hydrogen is protected in annealing process, take out, obtain mixed powder C after insulation 1h ~ 3h;
Step 3.2, mixed powder C step 3.1 obtained load in isostatic pressing mold, and under 200MPa ~ 300MPa pressure, carry out isostatic compaction process to mixed powder C, the processing time is 3min ~ 5min, obtains shaping yellow gold post base;
Isostatic pressing mold can adopt diameter to be the cylindric isostatic pressing mold of 8cm ~ 12cm;
Step 3.3, the yellow gold post base obtained is positioned in the vacuum sintering furnace of 550 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C sinters through step 3.2, be filled with nitrogen or hydrogen as protection, take out after insulation 3h ~ 8h, obtained bar-shaped section bar;
Step 3.4, bar-shaped section bar that step 3.3 is obtained after hot extrusion technique process, obtained tabular or wire section bar;
Will use hot-extrusion mold in hot extrusion technique, in hot extrusion technique, control temperature is at 350 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
The needs of step 3.5, foundation actual industrial production, shape extrusion obtained for step 3.4 to regulatory specifications, is namely obtained silver copper oxide electrical contact material by employing rolling or drawing process.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN110666185A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-10 | 西安工程大学 | Preparation method of silver silicon dioxide electric contact material |
| CN113441719A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-28 | 福建工程学院 | Multi-principal-element metal oxide enhanced electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105108150B (en) | 2017-03-22 |
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