CN105105875A - Biomimetic artificial hip joint with internal growth function - Google Patents
Biomimetic artificial hip joint with internal growth function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomimetic artificial hip joint with an internal growth function. The joint is composed of an artificial cartilage layer, an interface bonding layer and a porous bracket, wherein the artificial cartilage layer and the porous bracket have elliptic surfaces; the surface wrapping angle of the joint is 60-120 degrees; when the wrapping angle is 80-120 degrees, 3-6 convex columnar bodies, which are uniformly distributed, are designed on the inner surface of a prosthesis along the peripheral direction; a porous coating with biological activity is prepared on the outer surface of a femoral component and materials of the coating have gradient changes from inside to outside; the porous bracket is designed into a porous structure with gradient according to a finite element optimization result, and the pore diameter is 300-800 microns; the porosity is 20%-85%. According to the biomimetic artificial hip joint disclosed by the invention, bone mass and biomechanical characteristics of thigh bones can be kept to the greatest extent; the biomimetic artificial hip joint has good mechanical properties and tribological properties; the growth of bone cells is induced or promoted so as to guarantee effective interface bonding intensity between a prosthesis implantation material and a natural bone, the stability of the planted prosthesis is improved and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and repair the impaired artificial joint technical field of ossa articularia cartilage, be specifically related to a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function.
Background technology
Because the reasons such as osteoarthritis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone tumor cause hip lesion, and along with the continuous aggravation of world population ages, osteoporosis causes fracture day by day to highlight, patients millions of every year need accept joint repair treatment, has a strong impact on the quality of life of patient.
The main of arthritis disease is articular cartilage pathological changes, and its therapeutic modality is mainly selected according to cartilage lesion degree.Initial stage can adopt cartilage transplantation reparation, as: bone marrow stimulation, Cartilage transplantation, allogeneic cartilage are transplanted, Autologous Chondrocyte is transplanted, artificial material repairs cartilage defect etc., all there is self indication and limitation in often kind of method, mainly contain: material source is limited, implant survival rate and immunoreation etc., and mostly belong to and repair among a small circle.It is very ripe technology that later stage adopts joint replacement to carry out treating.At present, hip prosthesis implant common used material has metal-Gao crosslinked polyethylene, pottery-Gao crosslinked polyethylene, ceramic to ceramic etc., but still exist stress shielding, prosthetic loosening, potential metal ion the technical barrier such as harm, the cracked and abnormal sound of pottery urgently to be resolved hurrily.Clinical effectiveness statistics shows to select the patient of joint replacement to be just tending towards rejuvenation, and after Using prosthesis certain time limit, revision rate is higher, affects prosthese service life.Therefore, for alleviating patient pain and recovering function of joint, improve the reliability in the prosthese military service phase and increase the service life be always prosthetic designs aim and pursue a goal.
Gu human articular cartilage is a kind of stream/biphase viscoelasticity, layered porous medium material, and artificial joint prosthesis mostly is monolayer hard material, also larger difference is there is with in tribological property compared with natural joint at organizational structure, material properties, biomechanics, the role that play " function reproduction ", along with various problem will appear in the prolongation in the cycle of military service more.For the deficiency that current hip joint disease Therapeutic Method remains, along with the fast development of advanced manufacturing technology and biomaterial, based on to the organizational structure of natural joint and the understanding of material behavior, apply bionic design concept and tissue engineering technique and repair pathological changes joint and become current research focus.Ding Chunming etc. have invented " a kind of organizational project joint two-phase support and its preparation method and application " (application number: 201310202139.X), for the existing artificial joint of organizational project joint replacement carry out biology rebuild provide a kind of may, but fix at support, also Shortcomings in load-carrying properties etc.Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip prosthesis design with interior growth function, be intended to substitute pathological changes cartilage to keep original good characteristic by artificial cartilage or tissue engineering bone/cartilage, induce or impel osteoblast to grow in the porous support being loaded with somatomedin, ensureing the reliability and stability after Using prosthesis.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function, this articular prosthesis has good biomechanical property and tribological property, the biomechanical characterization of bone amount and maintenance femur can be preserved to greatest extent simultaneously, and by inducing or promoting that Oesteoblast growth ensures prothesis implant body and the enough interface bond strength of natural bone, improve the stability after Using prosthesis and service life, meet physiology and the functional requirement of extensive patients.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function, comprise the porous support layer 3 that upper surface is spheroid shape curved surface, the femoral stem 5 of type is changed at porous support layer 3 lower surface central integral, also comprise artificial cartilage layer 1, by interfacial adhesion layer 2, porous support layer 3 is connected with artificial cartilage layer 1; Described porous support layer 3 upper surface is for major axis with human body both sides late-segmental collapse line and frontal axis, vertical axis is minor axis, major axis is long is 40-60mm, and it is 0-10% that artificial cartilage layer 1 and porous support layer 3 have identical flattening of ellipsoid, and the thickness of artificial cartilage layer 1 is 0.5-2.5mm; The sphere wrap angle of described artificial cartilage layer 1 and porous support layer 3 is 60-120 °; The surface preparation of described femoral stem 5 has bioactivity coatings 6.
When the sphere wrap angle of described artificial cartilage layer 1 and porous support layer 3 is 80-120 °, at the lower surface of described porous support layer 3, femoral stem 5 is provided with equally distributed 3-6 convex column 4.
The shape of described convex column 4 is positive six prisms, regular triangular prism or tapered pole, and its circumscribed circle diameter is 4-6mm, and the height of convex column 4 is 5-10mm.
Described porous support layer 3 is optimized to obtain the porous mould with gradient by Finite Element Method, aperture is 300 μm-800 μm, pass is cubic units, cellular, granatohedron, diamond units body or minimum surface, porosity reaches 20-85%, and porosity communication rate is greater than 95%.
Described femoral stem 5 is conical grip, and its tapering is 1-3 °.
The material of described artificial cartilage layer 1 adopt following any one:
A: polyvinyl alcohol is polymerized formed cellular hydrogel structure body with polypyrrole alkane ketones component, wherein both mass ratioes are 1:(0.01-1), the elastic modelling quantity of formed cellular hydrogel structure body is 0.5-10MPa;
B: add polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate sodium in poly-vinyl alcohol solution;
C: polyvinyl alcohol, nanometer hydroxyapatite, silkworm silk and deionized water composite material;
D: adopt graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite-polyacrylamide-sodium alginate composite hydrogel that Raolical polymerizable obtains;
E: polylactic acid PGA and polyglycolic acid PLA support and the organizational project cartilage layers of cultivating.
The material of described porous support layer 3 adopt following any one:
A: the polycaprolactone (PCL) and the hydroxyapatite HA support that are loaded with the chitosan sponge of somatomedin, wherein somatomedin is any one in bone morphogenic protein BMP-2, transforming growth factor TGF-β, bone-inducing factor OIF, basic fibroblast growth factor BFGF, insulin-like growth factor I GF, platelet-derived growth factor PDGF;
B: the composite of nano-grade hydroxy apatite and medical macromolecular materials;
C: ceramic porous support comprises at least one be selected from aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, mullite, diopside, wollastonite, janeckeite, larnite, akermanite, monticellite, bio-medical glass and calcium phosphate ceramics;
D: the metal alloy of titanium alloy or tantalum metal;
E: polyether-ether-ketone PEEK.
Described medical macromolecular materials are polyamide 6, polyamide 66 or polyethylene; Described calcium phosphate ceramics is hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate or fluoridated apatite.
The material of described bonding interface layer 2 is Fibrin Glue or biogum.
Described bioactivity coatings 6 adopts sintering process, chemical plating, plating, plasma spraying method or the energetic particle beam method of forming to have bioactive porous coating in the preparation of femoral stem 5 surface; Bioactivity coatings 6 is changed from substrate in gradient by the inner composition of sprayed on material outward; The composite that bioactivity coatings 6 material adopts Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles end, bioactivity glass powder and TiOx nano powder are formed or titanium or titanium alloy or tantalum, the powder diameter of bioactivity coatings 6 material is 30-100nm, and the thickness of bioactivity coatings 6 is 50-200 μm; The porosity of bioactivity coatings 6 is 10-85%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention possesses following advantage:
1) top layer, joint adopts soft artificial material to substitute impaired natural cartilage, has excellent tribological property; Simultaneously the surface appearance feature of spheroid shape curved surface shows more excellent fault-tolerance and lower wearing and tearing from during the situations such as, impact tackling differential;
2) according to bone trabecula or cancellous bone structure characteristic sum material properties, be loose structure by joint designs, be optimized to obtain the porous mould with gradient by Finite Element Method, meet the requirement of intensity and Intracellular growth, joint still can maintain the biomechanical characterization of original bone after implanting, and preserve bone amount to greatest extent, avoid occurring " stress shielding " and prosthetic loosening.
3) different according to arthropathy zone design two kinds fastening structures, it is fastening that initial stage carries out mechanical type by the interference fit of femoral stem or the convex column 4 of different cross section shape, later stage is by inducing or promoting that osteoblast grows in the hole of femoral stem and porous support layer, realize biotype fastening, two kinds of modes combine to ensure that prothesis implant body and natural bone have enough interface bond strengths, improve stability and the service life of prosthese.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function;
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint, wherein, Fig. 2 (a) for sphere wrap angle be 80-120 ° of structure; Fig. 2 (b) sphere wrap angle is 60-80 ° of structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, and the present embodiment implements under premised on technical solution of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
A kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip prosthesis with interior growth function belongs to half hip resurfacing.According to CT or the MRI image of patient, tentatively determine generation area and the scope of cartilage lesion, and the thickness of cartilage layers (clinical research statistics show that the thickness of human body natural's cartilage is between 0.5-2.5mm, everyone result is not quite similar, need be obtained by corresponding detection means), complete the reconstruction of the 3 D anatomical appearance model of hip joint, the artificial cartilage layer of the biomimetic prosthetic hip prosthesis with interior growth function and the thickness of porous support can be determined.In addition, draft based on the region of pathological changes the position that Using prosthesis installs.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, Bionic Design is carried out according to the organizational structure in human body natural joint and material characteristics, a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function of the present invention, adopt three-decker: top layer is artificial cartilage layers 1, adopt artificial cartilage or tissue engineering bone/cartilage to substitute nature cartilage to characterize excellent bio-tribology performance; Bottom is porous support layer 3, for bionical subchondral bone or trabecular bone structure, on elastic modelling quantity with it closely to reduce the generation even avoiding stress shielding, mechanical strength required in human normal or extreme sport process can also be met, in addition, be implanted into osteoblast to the support being loaded with relevant growth factors, induced cell growth, realize fastening means that mechanical type combines with biotype to strengthen the stability after Using prosthesis; Be bonding interface layer 2 between top layer and bottom, main rely on the methods such as biogum ensure both interface bond strength, affect the service life of prosthese with the phenomenon such as avoid in process under arms, Relative sliding occurring, peel off.Such as, every layer of selected materials can be: artificial cartilage layer 1 is selected: add polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate sodium in poly-vinyl alcohol solution; And porous support layer 3 selects the metal alloy such as titanium alloy or tantalum metal.In order to ensure the interface bond strength between top layer and bottom, the technology such as coating or spraying need be adopted to adhere to one deck hydroxyapatite isoreactivity coating at porous support layer 3 outer surface, and then by the method such as Fibrin Glue or biogum, the two is fastening.
Along with the development of modern test technology, for the morphology of hip joint and the understanding of anatomical structure more and more clear, different hip joint surface geometry patterns is on the impact of the contact mechanics of friction surface significantly.Current most of artificial hip prosthesis and correlational study all using secondary for joint-friction as standard ball-type, but carry out three-dimensional parameterized reconstruction for natural joint, and contour mimicry is learnt that bulb surface topography picture is like rotational ellipsoid, and spheroid shape surface has more excellent fault-tolerance and lower wearing and tearing from during the situations such as, impact tackling differential, therefore, hip prosthesis surface of friction pair geometrical morphology is designed to rotation ellipsoid type surface.Spheroid shape surface is that above-below direction and vertical axis are minor axis with human body both sides late-segmental collapse line and frontal axis for major axis.The major axis of the ellipsoidal surfaces of underlying porous support is long is 40-60mm, and it is 0-10% that bottom and top layer have identical flattening of ellipsoid (difference/major axis of major and minor axis), and the thickness of top layer artificial cartilage is 0.5-2.5mm.Such as, when the minor axis of porous scaffold surface is 50mm, when the ellipticity of ellipsoidal surfaces is 3.85%, then major axis is 52mm.
The bone causing Periprosthetic due to wear particle dissolves and absorbs, thus causes prosthese aseptic loosening, articular prosthesis implant after stability and be closely related in service life of prosthese.As shown in Figure 2, in order to ensure the stability after the implantation of biomimetic prosthetic hip prosthesis initial stage, when patient's cartilage lesion region is less, sphere wrap angle can be selected to be the model of 60-80 °, by the interference fit between femoral stem 5 and Drilling ensure initially to install fastening, as shown in Fig. 2 (b); When patient's lesion region is comparatively large, in 80-120 ° of coverage, then the prosthese of larger sphere wrap angle can be selected.And circumferentially devise 3-6 equally distributed convex column 4 in direction at the prosthese inner surface contacted with femoral head, bearing to prevent prosthese consequences such as rotating under the load effects such as moment of torsion and subside.This convex column 4 is entity, the cross section be connected with porous support layer 3 can be regular hexagon, equilateral triangle or circle etc., and its circumscribed circle diameter is 4-6mm, and space structure can be positive six prisms, regular triangular prism or tapered pole etc., be highly 5-10mm, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, adopt the technology such as sintering process, chemical plating, plating, plasma spraying method, high energy particle beam forming to have bioactive bioactivity coatings 6 in the preparation of prosthese femoral stem 5 surface, this bioactivity coatings 6 is changed from substrate in gradient by the inner composition of sprayed on material outward.Coating material is chosen as: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles end, bioactivity glass powder and TiOx nano particulate composite or titanium or titanium alloy or tantalum, powder diameter is 30-80nm, and the thickness of bioactivity coatings 6 is 50-200 μm.In view of different coating materials will obtain different coating porosities with processing technique, then coating porosity is 10-85%.Such as, adopt sintering process to manufacture Ti, NiTi, Ti6Al4V porous and obtain maximum pore rate 45%, but be usually less than 50%; Adopting high energy particle beam forming to prepare porous Ti porosity is 67%; Adopt plasma spray legal system for the POROUS TITANIUM of porosity 40%; Adopting CVD to prepare porous tantalum porosity is 75-85%.The mechanical type at initial stage is carried out fastening by the convex column of prosthese or the interference fit of femoral stem, and with induction or promote that the biotype immobile phase grown in osteoblast is combined, to ensure prosthese stability during one's term of military service.
As the carrying joint that body weight for humans is wanted, in normal motion, mainly contain the flexion and extension of hip joint, adduction abduction exercise, interior outward turning campaign, also bear the axial force that own body weight produces, under different motion gaits, show different range of activity.But in actual motion process, the EDGE CONTACT caused from factors such as, impacts by differential will produce more wear particle, have a strong impact on the service life of prosthese, therefore, under the prerequisite ensureing range of motion in human body daily life, and avoid the EDGE CONTACT between joint-friction pair as far as possible, consider the scope of femoral head lesion region simultaneously, the cornerite on prosthese bulb surface is designed to 60-120 °, as shown in Figure 2.
The bottom of biomimetic prosthetic hip prosthesis is porous support layer 3, space loose structure is conducive to the transmission of Intracellular growth and nutrition and refuse, but the introducing of loose structure will certainly reduce the mechanical property of solid material, therefore, meeting under corresponding mechanical property prerequisite, the porous stent structure pursuing biological property more excellent is very crucial.Structure and the mechanical property of porous support determine primarily of version, and its structural parameters are primarily of aperture, pass, porosity, specific surface area, interior connectedness etc.Therefore, according to the load that different motion gait hypozygal bears, adopt Finite Element Method Optimization analyses, obtain the mechanical property parameters of porous support zones of different, as, elastic modelling quantity, then map according to the mutual relation of loose structure and mechanical property parameters, obtain the space porous support with gradient-structure of best performance.Designed porous stent structure: aperture is 300 μm-800 μm; Pass has cubic units, cellular, granatohedron, diamond units body or minimum surface etc., and porosity reaches 20-85%, and porosity communication rate is greater than 95%.
The present invention proposes a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint design with interior growth function, compared with prior art, there is obvious advantage and beneficial effect: this articular prosthesis has good biomechanical property and tribological property, the biomechanical characterization of bone amount and maintenance femur can be preserved to greatest extent simultaneously, and by inducing or promoting in osteoblast that growth ensures prothesis implant body and the enough interface bond strength of natural bone, strengthen the stability of Using prosthesis later stage military service, improve the service life of prosthese, meet physiology and the functional requirement of extensive patients.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all within design concept of the present invention and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind has the biomimetic prosthetic hip joint of interior growth function, it is characterized in that: comprise the porous support layer (3) that upper surface is spheroid shape curved surface, the femoral stem (5) of type is changed at porous support layer (3) lower surface central integral, also comprise artificial cartilage layer (1), by interfacial adhesion layer (2), porous support layer (3) is connected with artificial cartilage layer (1); Described porous support layer (3) upper surface is for major axis with human body both sides late-segmental collapse line and frontal axis, vertical axis is minor axis, major axis is long is 40-60mm, it is 0-10% that artificial cartilage layer (1) and porous support layer (3) have identical flattening of ellipsoid, and the thickness of artificial cartilage layer (1) is 0.5-2.5mm; The sphere wrap angle of described artificial cartilage layer (1) and porous support layer (3) is 60-120 °; The surface preparation of described femoral stem (5) has bioactivity coatings (6).
2. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the sphere wrap angle of described artificial cartilage layer (1) and porous support layer (3) is 80-120 °, at the lower surface of described porous support layer (3), femoral stem (5) is provided with equally distributed 3-6 convex column (4).
3. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the shape of described convex column (4) is positive six prisms, regular triangular prism or tapered pole, its circumscribed circle diameter is 4-6mm, and the height of convex column (4) is 5-10mm.
4. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described porous support layer (3) is optimized to obtain the porous mould with gradient by Finite Element Method, aperture is 300 μm-800 μm, pass is cubic units, cellular, granatohedron, diamond units body or minimal surface, porosity reaches 20-85%, and porosity communication rate is greater than 95%.
5. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described femoral stem (5) is conical grip, its tapering is 1-3 °.
6. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described artificial cartilage layer (1) adopt following any one:
A: polyvinyl alcohol is polymerized formed cellular hydrogel structure body with polypyrrole alkane ketones component, wherein both mass ratioes are 1:(0.01-1), the elastic modelling quantity of formed cellular hydrogel structure body is 0.5-10MPa;
B: add polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate sodium in poly-vinyl alcohol solution;
C: polyvinyl alcohol, nanometer hydroxyapatite, silkworm silk and deionized water composite material;
D: adopt graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite-polyacrylamide-sodium alginate composite hydrogel that Raolical polymerizable obtains;
E: polylactic acid PGA and polyglycolic acid PLA support and the organizational project cartilage layers of cultivating.
7. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described porous support layer (3) adopt following any one:
A: the polycaprolactone (PCL) and the hydroxyapatite HA support that are loaded with the chitosan sponge of somatomedin, wherein somatomedin is any one in bone morphogenic protein BMP-2, transforming growth factor TGF-β, bone-inducing factor OIF, basic fibroblast growth factor BFGF, insulin-like growth factor I GF, platelet-derived growth factor PDGF;
B: the composite of nano-grade hydroxy apatite and medical macromolecular materials;
C: ceramic porous support comprises at least one be selected from aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, mullite, diopside, wollastonite, janeckeite, larnite, akermanite, monticellite, bio-medical glass and calcium phosphate ceramics;
D: the metal alloy of titanium alloy or tantalum metal;
E: polyether-ether-ketone PEEK.
8. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described medical macromolecular materials are polyamide 6, polyamide 66 or polyethylene; Described calcium phosphate ceramics is hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate or fluoridated apatite.
9. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described interfacial adhesion layer (2) is Fibrin Glue or biogum.
10. a kind of biomimetic prosthetic hip joint with interior growth function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bioactivity coatings (6) adopts sintering process, chemical plating, plating, plasma spraying method or the energetic particle beam method of forming to have bioactive porous coating in the preparation of femoral stem (5) surface; Bioactivity coatings (6) is changed from substrate in gradient by the inner composition of sprayed on material outward; The composite that bioactivity coatings (6) material adopts Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles end, bioactivity glass powder and TiOx nano powder are formed or titanium or titanium alloy or tantalum, the powder diameter of bioactivity coatings (6) material is 30-100nm, and the thickness of bioactivity coatings (6) is 50-200 μm; The porosity of bioactivity coatings (6) is 10-85%.
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