CN105098281A - Method for recycling multi-element anode material from waste multi-element power lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for recycling multi-element anode material from waste multi-element power lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105098281A CN105098281A CN201510539976.0A CN201510539976A CN105098281A CN 105098281 A CN105098281 A CN 105098281A CN 201510539976 A CN201510539976 A CN 201510539976A CN 105098281 A CN105098281 A CN 105098281A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling a multi-element anode material from a waste multi-element power lithium ion battery. The method comprises the steps of performing discharging on the waste battery; performing physical detachment on the battery, and washing pole pieces to remove an electrolyte; soaking the pole pieces in a saturated solution of lithium nitrate and lithium hydroxide at certain temperature and under certain pressure, stirring slowly to remove polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and supplementing lithium for the multi-element material; roasting filtered powder in oxygen to remove a conductive agent; and recovering a multi-element material layered crystal structure under the condition of high-temperature roasting. By means of the method, elemental metal foil and the multi-element anode material can be directly recycled, use of raw materials and auxiliary materials can be reduced, the process is simplified, and environment pollution is prevented. The recovery rates of all transition metal elements and the lithium element in the waste lithium ion battery are greater than 97.0%, so that the method has the advantages of being economical and reasonable, having high recovery efficiency, being environment-friendly and so on, provides a new way for recycling the waste multi-element power lithium ion battery, and realizes efficient recycling and use of the waste multi-element power lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste and old lithium ion battery reclaim and utilize, the particularly recycle method of polynary positive pole material in waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery.
Background technology
Reached 500,000 according to China's " energy-conservation with new-energy automobile industrial development planning (2012-2020) " electric automobile cumulative sale by 2015, the year two thousand twenty reaches 5,000,000.Under conservative estimation private car service condition, the power battery pack of pure electric inserting electric-type automobile is about about 4-6 useful life, changing once to I haven't seen you for ages within the cycle in useful life of automobile with battery pack of hybrid vehicle and pure electric automobile.It is expected that 2015, electrokinetic cell adds up learies about about 2 ~ 40,000 tons, and to the year two thousand twenty, China only pure electronic (containing plug-in) passenger car and hybrid power passenger car electrokinetic cell adds up the scale that learies will reach 12 ~ 170,000 tons.Combine the spirit of the notice of the new-energy automobile industrial technology innovation engineering project of announcement according to country's " electric automobile development in science and technology " 12 " ad hoc planning (summary) " and the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Department of Science and Technology simultaneously, within 2015, formed 500,000,000 ampere-hour electrokinetic cell yearly productive capacities in the past, the energy density of battery cell reaches more than 180Wh/kg (module energy density reaches more than 150Wh/kg).In order to reach the requirement of Ministry of Industry and Information to lithium battery energy density, under existing lithium ion battery technology condition, the new afterwards electrokinetic cell overwhelming majority in 2015 is all positive electrode using multicomponent material (NCM/NCA) as electrokinetic cell, and this is also a class material of most recovery value in electrokinetic cell.If these lithium ion batteries scrapped are processed by as rubbish, this lithium ion battery be not only huge waste and these of resource are scrapped also can produce serious pollution to environment.Therefore, the recovery of waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery just seems most important, realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction, sustainable development for China, significant.
At present, the existing relevant report recycled about waste and old nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material.Its method is: 1, carried out resource recovery by roasting, pulverizing, sorting, acid-soluble, electrolytic recovery Cu, Al and NiCoMn method to useless lithium battery; 2, anode pole piece through disassembling, sorting, pulverizing, after the preliminary treatment such as screening, high temperature is adopted to remove binding agent, NaOH except after the techniques such as aluminium again, obtain nickeliferous, cobalt, manganese inactivation positive electrode, adopt that sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide system leach, P2O4 abstraction impurity removal, precipitation is produced multicomponent material hydroxide precursor and is carried out resource recycling again.Although said method achieves the recycling of nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material, electrolysis power consumption is high, and electrolyzing sewage treating capacity is large; By pulverizing, sieving separating nickel cobalt manganic acid lithium and aluminium foil, separating effect is bad, and waste of material is serious, and complex process, consumption of raw and auxiliary materials amount is large, higher to equipment requirement, and waste liquid is not easy process, easily causes secondary pollution with organic solvent.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method reclaiming polynary positive pole material from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery.According to our further investigation to multicomponent material loop attenuation mechanism, the capacity attenuation of multicomponent material is that a large amount of lithium ion is deposited on negative pole and makes positive electrode stratiform crystal structure change to monoclinic structure or the transformation of unordered rock salt structure in charge and discharge cycles process, therefore can by mending lithium and specific solid phase roasting technique process recovery ternary material activity.
For achieving the above object, a kind of method reclaiming polynary positive pole material from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery provided by the invention, step is as follows:
Step one, the useless lithium multicomponent material battery reclaimed is placed in sodium-chloride water solution and soaks 2-8h, carry out discharge process;
Step 2, the useless lithium multicomponent material battery after electric discharge is carried out physics and disassembles, take out anode pole piece, be cut to long 10cm section, wash away electrolyte by water shower;
Step 3, in an autoclave, first add and to be satisfied the mixed solution formed by the lithium nitrate saturated solution of certain volume ratio and lithium hydroxide, add a certain amount of anode pole piece again, be forced into 2-5 standard atmospheric pressure, oil bath is heated to 120-150 DEG C, slow stirring 0.5-2h, thus be that waste and old polynary positive pole material carries out benefit lithium while removal PVDF; Cross 2.5-10 eye mesh screen, oversize is collector metal forming, reclaims after cleaning; Carry out centrifugal solid-liquid separation to screenings, solid is polynary positive pole material and conductive agent mix powder;
Step 4, step 3 is washed after mix powder cross 200-500 mesh sieve, under oxygen atmosphere, roasting 2-6h removes conductive agent powder wherein, and resulting materials is crossed 200-500 mesh sieve again;
Step 5, material 700-1000 DEG C of roasting 2-4h in oxygen or air atmosphere baking furnace that step 4 is obtained, use the crystal structure recovering waste and old polynary positive pole material in the high-temperature roasting mode short time, thus the polynary positive pole material that the be reused for lithium battery being recovered multicomponent material layered crystal structure completely uses.
Further, described polynary positive pole material refers to the one in nickel cobalt manganese NCM multicomponent material or nickel cobalt aluminium NCA multicomponent material.Wherein, in step 3, in mixed solution, the volume ratio of lithium nitrate saturated solution and lithium hydroxide saturated solution is 10:1 ~ 4:1, is preferably 10:1.5 ~ 5:1.The anode pole piece added in step 3 and the solid-to-liquid ratio of mixing material are 1:5g/ml ~ 1:50g/ml.
Compared with prior art, the present invention uses the mixed solution of lithium nitrate and lithium hydroxide to corrode Kynoar PVDF under certain temperature and pressure by simple chemical treatment, make it to lose efficacy and dissolve, positive and negative pole material is split away off from metal forming, direct recovery elemental metals paper tinsel, utilize pressure and lithium nitrate saturated solution to carry out benefit lithium to waste and old multicomponent material simultaneously, by short time high temperature roasting, crystal formation reparation is carried out to multicomponent material afterwards.This method does not need to carry out using strong acid and strong base to dissolve the method for aluminium foil and positive electrode, precipitation and separation aluminium element and other metallic elements in traditional lithium battery recovery process, decrease the input of supplementary material and decrease process flow steps, simultaneously owing to just using lithium salt solution, do not introduce the foreign ion that sodium ion etc. is new, and lithium nitrate lithium hydroxide saturated solution can be cycled to repeat use by supplementing solvent, reduces supplementary material material cost.The method does not adopt the organic solvents such as 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE NMP yet, reduce due to a large amount of NMP introduce cause to the pollution of environment and the high cost of recovery process, the rate of recovery of various transition metal and elemental lithium in waste and old lithium ion battery can be made to be greater than 97.0% simultaneously, there is the high and advantages of environment protection of economical rationality, organic efficiency, for waste and old polynary dynamic lithium battery resource provides a new approach, thus the high efficiente callback realizing waste and old polynary dynamic lithium battery utilizes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the NCM111 material XRD that embodiment 1 battery recycling material is prepared schemes;
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure that embodiment 1 reclaims NCM111 prepared by battery material;
Fig. 3 is the NCM111 material 3.0-4.3V0.2C Capacity Plan first that embodiment 1 reclaims battery material and prepares;
Fig. 4 is the roasting of embodiment 2 salvage material to the DTA figure of 900 DEG C.
Embodiment
Tell about detailed process of the present invention by the following examples, provide embodiment to be convenience in order to understand, is never restriction the present invention.
Embodiment 1: get 160gNCM111 type ternary material, 19 grams of conductive blacks, 6.5kPVDF and 32.8g aluminium foil composition soft-package battery positive poles, get 88.3g modified graphite, 4.6gPVDF and 75.5g Copper Foil as soft-package battery negative pole, after carrying out 300 discharge and recharges after being assembled into battery, carry out recovery experiment process as old and useless battery.The concrete steps reclaiming polynary positive pole material are as follows: this soft-package battery is placed in sodium-chloride water solution and carries out immersion 2h, carry out discharge process; In glove box, the battery after electric discharge is removed packaging, take out both positive and negative polarity pole piece and be cut into every section of about 10cm length, wash away except remaining electrolyte by water shower afterwards; In an autoclave, the ratio of 10:1.5 adds the mixed solution of lithium nitrate saturated solution and the common 1.2L of lithium hydroxide saturated solution by volume, positive electrode after cutting is all transferred to autoclave, be forced into 2atm (standard atmospheric pressure), oil bath is heated to 120 DEG C, slowly stirs 1h; Cross 2.5 eye mesh screens, oversize is current collector aluminum foil, reclaims aluminium foil after cleaning; Carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid to screenings, solid is polynary positive pole material and conductive agent mix powder, pure water; Polynary positive pole material after washing and conductive agent mix powder are crossed 200 mesh sieves, and under oxygen atmosphere, roasting 2h removes conductive agent powder wherein, resulting materials is crossed 500 mesh sieves again, is NCM111 material; By the NCM111 material 950 DEG C of roasting 2h in air atmosphere baking furnace after sieving, use the crystal structure recovering waste and old NCM111 material in the high-temperature roasting mode short time, obtain the NCM111 positive electrode that 158g recovers the be reused for lithium battery use of multicomponent material layered crystal structure completely, its yield is 98.75%.
Fig. 1 is that the NCM111 positive electrode XRD prepared with embodiment 1 battery recycling material schemes, and this material crystal formation is complete as we can see from the figure, belongs to typical ternary material XRD spectra.Fig. 2 is the SEM figure reclaiming NCM111 positive electrode prepared by battery material with embodiment 1, this material is spherical or class spherical morphology as we can see from the figure, wherein need to carry out pole piece compaction technology owing to preparing in anode pole piece process at former old and useless battery, therefore, the positive electrode of recovery can see the material granule of partial crushing from SEM figure.Fig. 3 reclaims NCM111 material prepared by battery material with embodiment 1 to make 3.0-4.3V0.2C Capacity Plan first after 2032 button cells, and first discharge specific capacity is 158.5mAh/g, first efficiency 85.4%.
Embodiment 2: get 5 discarded INR18650-MH1 type 3.2Ah column type 18650 batteries, be placed in sodium-chloride water solution to soak 4h and carry out discharge process, in glove box, the battery physics after electric discharge is disassembled, take out anode pole piece, wash away electrolyte by water shower afterwards; By in an autoclave by volume the ratio of 4:1 add lithium nitrate saturated solution and lithium hydroxide saturated solution 4L, add 5 anode pole pieces 93g altogether, be forced into 5atm, oil bath is heated to 150 DEG C, slow stirring 0.5h, cross 10 eye mesh screens, oversize is current collector aluminum foil, reclaims aluminium foil after cleaning; Carry out centrifugal solid-liquid separation to screenings, the mix powder of solid positive electrode and conductive agent, cross 500 mesh sieves after washing, under oxygen atmosphere, roasting 2h removes conductive agent powder wherein, and resulting materials crosses 500 mesh sieves more again, is NCA positive electrode.Can obtain the 750 degree of roasting 4h in oxygen atmosphere baking furnace of the positive electrode after sieving being reused for the polynary positive pole material that lithium battery uses.
After this polynary positive pole material is used for making 2032 button cells, 3.0-4.3V0.2C first discharge specific capacity is 188.5mAh/g, first efficiency 86.5%.Fig. 4 is this multicomponent material roasting to the DTA figure of 900 DEG C, and as we can see from the figure, this multicomponent material has obvious endothermic peak near 723 DEG C, and show that this multicomponent material there occurs crystallization reaction near this temperature, crystal formation changes.
In sum, the method using the present invention to state uses the mixed solution of lithium nitrate and lithium hydroxide to corrode PVDF under certain temperature and pressure by simple chemical treatment, simultaneously for multicomponent material mends lithium, specific roasting technique makes material recover layered crystal structure afterwards, high efficiency can reclaim polynary positive pole material.Secondary pollution can not be caused to environment when disassembling and reclaiming polynary electrokinetic cell, decrease the input of supplementary material and decrease process flow steps, improve organic efficiency, especially the elemental lithium rate of recovery significantly improves compared with traditional handicraft, have the high and advantages of environment protection of economical rationality, organic efficiency, the high efficiente callback achieving waste and old polynary dynamic lithium battery utilizes.
Although invention has been described for composition graphs above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; when not departing from present inventive concept, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery, reclaim a method for polynary positive pole material, step is as follows:
Step one, the useless lithium multicomponent material battery reclaimed is placed in sodium-chloride water solution and soaks 2-8h, carry out discharge process;
Step 2, the useless lithium multicomponent material battery after electric discharge is carried out physics and disassembles, take out anode pole piece, be cut to long 10cm section, wash away electrolyte by water shower;
Step 3, in an autoclave, first add and to be satisfied the mixed solution formed by the lithium nitrate saturated solution of certain volume ratio and lithium hydroxide, add a certain amount of anode pole piece again, be forced into 2-5 standard atmospheric pressure, oil bath is heated to 120-150 DEG C, slowly stirs 0.5-2h, crosses 2.5-10 eye mesh screen, oversize is collector metal forming, reclaims after cleaning; Carry out centrifugal solid-liquid separation to screenings, solid is polynary positive pole material and conductive agent mix powder;
Step 4, cross 200-500 mesh sieve by after the washing of the mix powder of step 3, under oxygen atmosphere, roasting 2-6h removes conductive agent powder wherein, and resulting materials is crossed 200-500 mesh sieve again;
Step 5, material 700-1000 DEG C of roasting 2-4h in oxygen or air atmosphere baking furnace that step 4 is obtained, the polynary positive pole material that the be reused for lithium battery that can be recovered multicomponent material layered crystal structure completely uses.
2. from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery, reclaim the method for polynary positive pole material according to claim 1, wherein, described polynary positive pole material refers to the one in nickel cobalt manganese NCM multicomponent material or nickel cobalt aluminium NCA multicomponent material.
3. from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery, reclaim the method for polynary positive pole material according to claim 1, wherein, in step 3, in mixed solution, the volume ratio of lithium nitrate saturated solution and lithium hydroxide saturated solution is 10:1 ~ 4:1.
4. from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery, reclaim the method for polynary positive pole material according to claim 3, wherein, in step 3, in mixed solution, the volume ratio of lithium nitrate saturated solution and lithium hydroxide saturated solution is 10:1.5 ~ 5:1.
5. from waste and old polynary power lithium-ion battery, reclaim the method for polynary positive pole material according to claim 1, wherein, in step 3, the anode pole piece added and the solid-to-liquid ratio of mixing material are 1:5g/ml ~ 1:50g/ml.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN107275704A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-20 | 安化县泰森循环科技有限公司 | A kind of recovery method of ternary battery anode slice |
| CN108023091A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-11 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | The reproduction process of Vehicular dynamic battery nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material |
| CN108886181A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2018-11-23 | 胡利科有限责任公司 | Lithiumation again under oxidizing condition |
| CN109309266A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-02-05 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of method and regeneration positive electrode of recycling waste lithium ion cell anode material |
| WO2020236513A1 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-26 | Hulico LLC | Relithiation in oxidizing conditions |
| CN112563604A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-26 | 中南大学 | Method for regenerating anode material of waste lithium ion battery |
| US11394062B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2022-07-19 | Hulico LLC | Relithiation in oxidizing conditions |
| WO2022151975A1 (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-21 | 陈妹妹 | Safe discharging method for waste lithium-ion battery |
| US12021202B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2024-06-25 | Hulico LLC | Battery deactivation |
| US12080861B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2024-09-03 | Hulico LLC | Recycling of coated electrode materials |
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