CN105098192A - Cathode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery containing same - Google Patents
Cathode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery containing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105098192A CN105098192A CN201510316325.5A CN201510316325A CN105098192A CN 105098192 A CN105098192 A CN 105098192A CN 201510316325 A CN201510316325 A CN 201510316325A CN 105098192 A CN105098192 A CN 105098192A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of processing of a lithium battery, in particular to a cathode material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery containing the same. The cathode material comprises a lithium-containing cathode material and an indium oxide cladding layer coated on the surface of the lithium-containing cathode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding a soluble indium salt into a solution dissolved with an alkaline substance and stirring to form a sol; adding the lithium-containing cathode material into the sol and stirring to lead a generated sediment to be uniformly deposited and attached onto the surface of the lithium-containing cathode material; removing a liquid to obtain a lithium-containing cathode material solid body attached with the sediment; and roasting the lithium-containing cathode material solid body attached with the sediment to form the lithium ion cathode material coated with indium oxide on the surface. Compared with other inertia cladding materials such as aluminum oxide, the cathode material provided by the invention has the advantages that the electronic conductivity of indium oxide is excellent, and moreover, the discharging specific capacity, the cycling performance and the safety performance under high voltage can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to lithium battery manufacture field, particularly relates to a kind of positive electrode and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery containing positive electrode.
Background technology
Day by day miniaturized, lightening along with portable electric appts such as mobile phone, digital camera, notebook computers, the requirement of market to the energy density of lithium ion battery, security performance, cycle life also improves constantly.
Lithium ion battery generally comprises: positive plate, negative plate, barrier film between interval and positive/negative plate, and electrolyte, wherein positive plate comprises positive collector and is distributed in the positive electrode on plus plate current-collecting body, and negative plate comprises negative collector and is distributed in the negative material on negative collector.At present, conventional anode material for lithium-ion batteries has LiCoO
2, LiNiCoO
2, LiMn
2o
4and LiNiCoMnO
2deng.But above-mentioned positive electrode has respective shortcoming: LiCoO
2charging voltage more than structural instability after 4.2V, deterioration of safety; LiNiCoO
2structural instability, to electrolyte, there is extremely strong oxidizability; LiMn
2o
4high-temperature behavior bad.LiNiCoMnO
2structural instability, high-temperature storage performance is bad.Therefore need to carry out modification to these positive electrodes.
Prior art has disclosed kinds of surface clad anode material and preparation method thereof, e.g., and US Patent No. 7,445,871 disclose by Liquid preparation methods clad material, then by dried clad material and positive electrode mixed sintering, form surface clad anode material.But when said method prepares surface clad anode material, clad material evenly can not be coated on the surface of positive electrode, affects the energy density of lithium ion battery, fail safe and charge and discharge cycles stability.And for example Chinese invention patent application CN200310122880.1 discloses positive electrode, metallic compound to add together with lithium compound in solvent and forms class colloidal sol, then dries roasting and obtains Surface coating LiMeO
2positive electrode.But the process of said method is difficult to control, and the homogeneity of product obtained cannot ensure.For another example Chinese invention patent application CN200510034893.2 then adopts organic sol method to LiCoO
2surface is carried out coated, although can obtain the positive electrode of coated with uniform, the material price such as titanate esters, the silicic acid fat costliness that process control is complicated and used, is unfavorable for the cost performance promoting lithium ion battery.
Therefore, the positive electrode that a kind of combination property is comparatively excellent is not also had at present.
Summary of the invention
This application provides comparatively excellent positive electrode of a kind of combination property and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery containing positive electrode.
According to a kind of positive electrode that the first aspect of the application provides, comprise containing lithium anode material and indium oxide coating layer, described indium oxide coating layer is coated on the described surface containing lithium anode material.
Preferably, described is LiCoO containing lithium anode material
2, LiNiO
2, LiNi
xco
1-xo
2or LiNi
xco
ym
1-x-yo
2, wherein, M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ga, Ca, Fe or rare earth element, and 0<x<1,0<y<1,0<x+y<1.
Preferably, the weight percentage of described indium oxide coating layer in described positive electrode is 0.01%-5%.
According to the preparation method of the above-mentioned positive electrode that the second aspect of the application provides, comprise the following steps:
(1) in the solution being dissolved with alkaline matter, add the soluble-salt of indium and stir, forming colloidal sol;
(2) add containing lithium anode material in described colloidal sol and stir, making generated sediment homogeneous precipitation be adsorbed in the described surface containing lithium anode material;
(3) remove liquid, acquisition is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid;
(4) be adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid described in roasting, form the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide.
Preferably, in step (1), the soluble-salt of indium is In
2(NO
3)
3or InCl
3.
Preferably, in step (1), the solvent of described solution is at least one in water and the organic solvent that can mix with water.
Preferably, the described organic solvent that can mix with water is at least one in alcohols or ketone.
Preferably, in step (1), described alkaline matter is at least one in ease of solubility alkali, the ammonium salt quasi-alkali feeble-acid-ammonium salt of ease of solubility and the alkali metal quasi-alkali salt of weak acid of ease of solubility.
Preferably, in step (1), described alkaline matter is dissolved in solvent and forms described solution at 0-60 DEG C of temperature.
Preferably, in step (1), the mol ratio of the soluble-salt of described alkaline matter and described indium is 1:1-10:1.
Preferably, in step (2), the described precipitation adsorption time is 1-20 hour, and temperature is 30-60 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (2), described is LiCoO containing lithium anode material
2, LiNiO
2, LiNi
xco
1-xo
2or LiNi
xco
ym
1-x-yo
2, wherein, M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ga, Ca, Fe or rare earth element, and 0<x<1,0<y<1,0<x+y<1.
Preferably, step (3) specifically comprises:
(3.1) leave standstill, make solid form lower sediment material;
(3.2) remove supernatant liquor, retain lower floor's deposit;
(3.3) lower sediment material is dried, be adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid described in acquisition.
Preferably, in step (3.3), described bake out temperature is 60-200 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (4), described sintering temperature is 400-1000 DEG C, and roasting time is 3-12 hour.
Preferably, in step (4), the weight percentage of indium oxide in the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of described Surface coating indium oxide is 0.01%-5%.
According to a kind of lithium ion battery that the third aspect of the application provides, comprise negative pole, electrolyte, barrier film and positive pole, the positive electrode of described positive pole is above-mentioned positive electrode.
The technical scheme that the application provides can reach following beneficial effect:
The positive electrode that the application provides effectively can improve the stability of positive electrode under the prerequisite of not loss material specific capacity, indium oxide after coated can intercept high potential cathode oxidation electrolyte, thus stop positive electrode and electrolyte generation side reaction, and compare other inertia clad materials such as aluminium oxide, the electron conduction of indium oxide is more excellent.
Further, due to the contact of positive electrode and electrolyte can be suppressed after positive electrode Surface coating indium oxide, effectively improve surface of active material form, reduce the avtive spot on surface; Simultaneously after coated indium oxide, the bond energy of In-O key is wanted greatly compared with positive pole material surface metal and oxygen, thus under the high temperature conditions, the positive electrode be wrapped by is stablized, weaken the effect of part Li-O key simultaneously, therefore adopt the lithium ion battery specific discharge capacity under high voltages of the positive electrode that provides of the application, cycle performance and security performance to be all significantly increased.
The preparation method of the positive electrode that the application provides operates simple and easy, with low cost, safe and reliable.
Should be understood that, it is only exemplary that above general description and details hereinafter describe, and can not limit the application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
SEM figure before and after the modified anode material Surface coating indium oxide that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present application.
Accompanying drawing to be herein merged in specification and to form the part of this specification, shows the embodiment meeting the application, and is used from specification one principle explaining the application.
Embodiment
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the application is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
First whole description is carried out to positive electrode in the application and preparation method thereof.The preparation method of the positive electrode of the application comprises the following steps:
(1) in the solution being dissolved with alkaline matter, add the soluble-salt of indium and stir, forming colloidal sol;
(2) add containing lithium anode material in colloidal sol and stir, making generated sediment homogeneous precipitation be adsorbed in the described surface containing lithium anode material;
(3) remove liquid, acquisition is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid;
(4) roasting is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid, forms the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide.
In step (1), the kind of the soluble-salt of indium can select In
2(NO
3)
3or InCl
3, generally add with the form of hydrate when operating.Carry out smoothly to make more to react, the organic solvent that the solvent of solution can be selected from water, can mix with water, such as alcohols (as ethanol) or ketone (as acetone) or the mixture etc. of the two, or the mixed solvent adopting the organic solvent of water and 1-2 times of volume to mix.Alkaline matter can at ammonium salt quasi-alkali feeble-acid-ammonium salt (the such as NH of ease of solubility alkali (such as NaOH), ease of solubility
4hCO
3) and alkali metal quasi-alkali salt of weak acid (the such as NaHCO of ease of solubility
3) in select, can then one use, also can be used in combination.When configuring solution, these alkaline matters are preferably dissolved in solvent under 0-60 DEG C of temperature conditions, generally can select 25 DEG C of room temperature conditions.When adding the soluble-salt of indium, when the mol ratio of alkaline matter and soluble-salt is in the scope of 1:1-10:1, optimum efficiency can be reached.
In step (2), precipitation adsorption can precipitate 1-20 hour under the temperature conditions of 30-60 DEG C, preferably precipitation 2-4 hour.What this method can add contains lithium anode material wide variety, such as LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiNi
xco
1-xo
2or LiNi
xco
ym
1-x-yo
2, wherein, M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ga, Ca, Fe or rare earth element, and 0<x<1,0<y<1,0<x+y<1.
For step (3), can accomplished in many ways be passed through, one comparatively economy, easily implementation method is provided in the application, specifically comprise the following steps:
(3.1) leave standstill, make solid form lower sediment material;
(3.2) remove supernatant liquor, retain lower floor's deposit;
(3.3) dry lower sediment material, acquisition is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid; For the process conditions of this method, this step can continue to complete drying course in 8-24 hour under 60-200 DEG C of temperature conditions, and preferred drying condition for dry 10-12 hour under 70-80 DEG C of temperature conditions.
The temperature range selected by roasting process in step (4) is 400-1000 DEG C, and roasting time is 3-12 hour, and preferred roasting condition is roasting 4-8 hour under 500-800 DEG C of temperature conditions.
Just can be obtained the positive electrode having indium oxide coating layer at the Surface coating containing lithium anode material by said method, and in this positive electrode, the weight percentage of indium oxide coating layer can control in the scope of 0.01%-5%.
The preparation method, the positive electrode that the application are provided below in conjunction with the performance test results of embodiment and comparative example, to be described in detail containing the effect of the lithium ion battery of positive electrode.
Embodiment 1-9
Take alkaline matter add in 500ml solvent stir make it dissolve, formed solution; Take the soluble-salt of indium, to join in above-mentioned solution and to stir 5 minutes, form vitreosol; Take containing lithium anode material powder, to add in colloidal sol and to stir, make generated sediment homogeneous precipitation be adsorbed in surface containing lithium anode material; Leave standstill, make solids of sedimentation form lower sediment material, upper strata is supernatant; Remove supernatant liquor; Dry lower sediment material, acquisition is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid; Roasting is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid, obtains the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide, measures covering amount, the i.e. weight percentage of indium oxide in the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide.In above-mentioned steps, each parameter is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
The anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide obtained according to the method described above and conductive carbon, Kynoar (PVDF) Homogeneous phase mixing are made anode sizing agent, and is coated on plus plate current-collecting body and forms positive pole.
By a certain percentage graphite, thickener, binding agent, conduction powdered carbon carries out cathode blending under water system.The negative pole oar material configured is carried out being coated with, colding pressing, forms lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 1-5
The lithium ion battery of the comparative example 1-5 that the application provides, its positive electrode used and surface treatment mode as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Performance test
1, covered effect
By the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of sem observation embodiment gained Surface coating indium oxide, wherein, A1, B1 in Fig. 1 are enlargement ratio respectively LiCoO when being 3000
2sEM figure before and after positive electrode Surface coating indium oxide, A2, B2 are enlargement ratio respectively LiCoO when being 30000
2sEM figure before and after positive electrode Surface coating indium oxide.
As seen from Figure 1, in the modified anode material prepared by the present embodiment, indium oxide is distributed in the surface of positive electrode very equably.
2, battery performance test
Charge-discharge test is carried out to the battery of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5, compares battery initial capacity.Test condition: first change into battery, 85 DEG C of elder generations with 0.2C constant current charge 2min, then with 0.5C constant current charge 5min, and then with 1C constant current charge 53min.Then at normal temperatures, with 0.2C size constant current charge to 4.35V, then constant voltage is to 0.025C, after leaving standstill 5min, is discharged to 3.0V with 0.2C, record discharge capacity.
Battery 25 DEG C of cycle performance tests
Cycle performance test is carried out to the battery of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5, at 25 DEG C, with 1C constant current charge to 4.35V, after constant voltage to 0.025C, after leaving standstill 30min, with 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V, leaves standstill 30min, circulate 500 weeks successively.The discharge capacity * 100% of discharge capacity/the first of capability retention=500th of battery week week
Battery 45 DEG C of cycle performance tests
Cycle performance test is carried out to the battery of embodiment 1-12 and comparative example 1-5, at 45 DEG C, with 1C constant current charge to 4.35V, after constant voltage to 0.025C, after leaving standstill 30min, with 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V, leaves standstill 30min, circulate 400 weeks successively.The discharge capacity * 100% of discharge capacity/the first of capability retention=400th of battery week week
Security performance is tested---hot abuse test
At 25 DEG C, with 0.2C constant current charge to 4.35V, after constant voltage to 0.025C, after leaving standstill 30min.Battery core be positioned in incubator, temperature rises to 130 DEG C ± 2 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C ± 2 DEG C/min and keeps 30min.Heat abuse criterion: battery core should not on fire, do not explode.
Different synthesis condition indium oxide coating layer content on the impact of battery performance in table 3:
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, positive electrode after the coated 0.5wt.% indium oxide of different synthesis condition lower surface, although capacity slightly declines.But the cycle performance at 25 DEG C and 45 DEG C and security performance are significantly improved.And embodiment 1 conditional is preferred synthesis condition.
Different indium oxide coating layer content on the impact of battery performance in table 4:
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, along with the increase of coating layer substance oxidation indium content, capacity declines to some extent, and as content >=1wt.%, decline obvious, during 5wt.%, gram volume is sent out Yun and lost 18%; But the cycle performance at 25 DEG C and 45 DEG C is significantly improved.Meanwhile, security performance also arrives greatly improve.When coated material indium oxide is 0.5wt%, battery table reveals good cycle performance and security performance.
Different positive electrode indium oxide coating layer content on the impact of battery performance in table 5:
Table 5
As can be seen from Table 5, positive electrode (LiCoO after Surface coating 0.5wt.% indium oxide
2, LiNiO
2, LiNi
xco
1-xo
2or LiNi
xco
ym
1-x-yo
2), capacity slightly declines.But the cycle performance at 25 DEG C and 45 DEG C and security performance are significantly improved.
The preparation method that the present embodiment provides can, at positive electrode coated with uniform indium oxide layer, operate simple and easy, with low cost, safe and reliable.Adopt the positive electrode made of the method under the prerequisite of not loss material specific capacity, effectively can improve the stability of positive electrode, positive electrode and electrolyte generation side reaction can be stoped, and compare other inertia clad materials such as aluminium oxide, the electron conduction of indium oxide is more excellent.In addition, the lithium ion battery specific discharge capacity under high voltages of the positive electrode that provides of the present embodiment, cycle performance and security performance is adopted all to be significantly increased.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the application, be not limited to the application, for a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.Within all spirit in the application and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., within the protection range that all should be included in the application.
Claims (10)
1. a positive electrode, is characterized in that, comprises containing lithium anode material and indium oxide coating layer, and described indium oxide coating layer is coated on the described surface containing lithium anode material.
2. positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described is LiCoO containing lithium anode material
2, LiNiO
2, LiNi
xco
1-xo
2or LiNi
xco
ym
1-x-yo
2, wherein, M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ga, Ca, Fe or rare earth element, and 0<x<1,0<y<1,0<x+y<1.
3. positive electrode according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight percentage of described indium oxide coating layer in described positive electrode is 0.01%-5%.
4. the preparation method of the positive electrode described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) in the solution being dissolved with alkaline matter, add the soluble-salt of indium and stir, forming colloidal sol;
(2) add containing lithium anode material in described colloidal sol and stir, making generated sediment homogeneous precipitation be adsorbed in the described surface containing lithium anode material;
(3) remove liquid, acquisition is adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid;
(4) be adsorbed with sedimentary containing lithium anode material solid described in roasting, form the anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Surface coating indium oxide.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (1), the solvent of described solution is at least one in water and the organic solvent that can mix with water.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described organic solvent that can mix with water is at least one in alcohols or ketone.
7. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (1), the mol ratio of the soluble-salt of described alkaline matter and described indium is 1:1-10:1.
8. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (2), the described precipitation adsorption time is 1-20 hour, and temperature is 30-60 DEG C.
9. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (4), described sintering temperature is 400-1000 DEG C, and roasting time is 3-12 hour.
10. a lithium ion battery, comprises negative pole, electrolyte, barrier film and positive pole, it is characterized in that, described positive pole comprises the positive electrode described in any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN107706366A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-02-16 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of positive electrode of indium oxide or tin-doped indium oxide cladding and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113097461A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 清华大学 | Ternary cathode material @ yttrium oxide core-shell structure composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113097461B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | 清华大学 | Ternary cathode material @ yttrium oxide core-shell structure composite material and preparation method thereof |
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