Background technology
China has been the big country that iron and steel is produced, and the annual production of iron and steel accounts for 40% of Gross World Product.No matter be steel-making or ironmaking, all will produce a large amount of slags.Slag is generation of accompanying with iron and steel, it is the byproduct of smelting iron and steel, it is again the primary condition of a series of important metallurgical reaction, it participates in physical-chemical reaction and the mass-and heat-transfer process of steel smelting procedure directly, it not only has influence on iron and steel output, quality, and has close relationship with the consumption of raw material, energy.
In Ferrous Metallurgy stove, produce the high temperature furnace slag of 1400-2000 DEG C, after cinder notch flows out, again when slag runner enters flushing cinder chute, with certain water yield, hydraulic pressure and the chute gradient, water is made to become certain angle of cut with slag stream, slag, by cold shock, bursts into the qualified grain slag of certain particle size.After pulp water is separated, slag is used as construction material; Carry out the washing slag water of heat exchange with high temperature furnace slag, enter flushing cinder pond.Flushing cinder pond takes up an area several thousand square metres usually; above flushing cinder pond, hot vapour soars; washing slag water temperature remains on 60-80 DEG C throughout the year; be a huge potential heat energy energy, if can effectively be used, such as utilize the heat energy of washing slag water; winter is residential block heating; can be not only that country saves a large amount of fuel, and decrease carbon emission, protect environment.
The heat energy recycle problem of washing slag water, is not also well solved so far.
Due to washing slag water Reusability, dissolved into the plurality of inorganic salt and oxide that contain in slag in washing slag water, defining is almost saturated saline-alkali water solution.When slag bursts in grain slag process by cold shock, some tiny slag enters in water and suspends.Detect through reality, washing slag water turbidity is 60-80mg/l.
Certain enterprise that heats, by dividing wall type heat exchanger, passes to recirculated water by the heat of washing slag water, utilizes recirculated water to heat to residential block.In an only winter, less than the heating duration of 4 months, the washing slag water side of dividing wall type heat exchanger, fouling reached 3-5 centimetre, and dirty layer is hard, fluffs loose after weathering.Think afterwards by analysis, the composition of washing slag water fouling in heat exchanger is the multiple inorganic salts containing the crystallization water, such as, containing the silicate of the crystallization water.The crystallization incrustation scale that washing slag water is hard, makes dividing wall type heat exchanger almost scrap completely.
Someone attempts there is metre filter washing slag water, to solve washing slag water scaling problem on heat exchangers.Washing slag water is the saline-alkali water of Multiple components, and for saline-alkali water, filter is not used completely.Saline-alkali water can pass through any filter smoothly, and it is inner to have arrived heat exchanger, runs into cold heat exchanger wall, and saline-alkali water is lowered the temperature, supersaturation, at once crystallization on cold wall.
In saline-alkali water solution, the process of Crystallization is called crystallization.The method of crystallization generally has two kinds: one is evaporating solvent method, and it is applicable to temperature affects little material to solubility.Coastal area produces and evaporates brine is exactly this method utilized.Another kind is heat of cooling saturated solution method, and this method is applicable to temperature and raises, the material that solubility also increases.As the salt lake of northern area, summer temperature is high, and lake surface occurs without crystal; In every winter, temperature reduces, and the materials such as crystal soda (Na2CO310H2O), saltcake (Na2SO410H2O) just separate out from salt lake.Washing slag water fouling, just because of on heat exchanger wall, cools saline and alkaline hydro-thermal saturated solution, the crystallization of generation.
In industrial or agricultural and people's lives, discharge various sewage, wherein a part is temperature is hot waste water in 50-100 DEG C, such as washing slag water.Because the impurity component contained in middle hot waste water is complicated, if utilize common dividing wall type heat exchanger to reclaim heat energy, heat exchanger partition is the cisco unity malfunction by scaling fouling soon.
Middle hot waste water heat exchanger and ordinary heat exchanger condition of work make a big difference, the method for designing of ordinary heat exchanger, use experience, can not be used for middle hot waste water heat exchanger.It is although the method for designing of ordinary heat exchanger and manufacturing process, all very ripe, middle hot waste water heat exchanger science design method, so far, does not also solve very well.
The above-mentioned background technology about sewage heat exchanger and saline-alkali water crystallization, has a detailed description in following monograph:
1, Yu Jianzu writes, heat exchanger principle and design, Beijing: publishing house of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2010.
2, (U.S.) salad, Sai Kulike work, Cheng Linyi, design of heat exchanger technology, Beijing: China Machine Press, 2010.
3, Xin Jian, Wang Huilong chief editor, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Beijing: during Higher education publishing, 2010.
4, He Fengjiao chief editor, inorganic chemistry, Beijing: Science Press, 2007.
Summary of the invention
In order to the recovery problem of hot waste water heat energy in solving, the present invention provides a kind of directly-heated machine.
A kind of directly-heated machine, its primary structure comprises: evaporimeter, condenser and steam channel.
Evaporimeter and condenser are that left and right is arranged, have steam channel between evaporimeter and condenser, middle hot waste water evaporates the steam of generation in evaporimeter, enters condenser condensation heat by steam channel, it is characterized in that: said condenser, it is in series up and down by three dividing wall type heat exchangers.
Evaporimeter is vertical pressure vessel, it is in series up and down by three vaporization chambers, and its structure comprises: water inlet pipe, upper cover, cylindrical shell, the first sieve plate, the first vaporization chamber, the first steam (vapor) outlet, the second sieve plate, the second vaporization chamber, the second steam (vapor) outlet, the 3rd sieve plate, the 3rd vaporization chamber, the 3rd steam (vapor) outlet, low head and drainpipe.
Middle hot waste water enters evaporimeter by water inlet pipe, by the first sieve plate, enters evaporimeter first vaporization chamber, and part evaporation produces steam, is flowed out by the first steam (vapor) outlet; First vaporization chamber evaporation residue waste water, enter the second vaporization chamber, the steam that the second vaporization chamber evaporation produces is flowed out by the second steam (vapor) outlet; Second vaporization chamber evaporation residue waste water, enter the 3rd vaporization chamber, the steam that the 3rd vaporization chamber evaporation produces is flowed out by the 3rd steam (vapor) outlet; Finally remain waste water in 3rd vaporization chamber, flow out from the drainpipe of bottom.
Condenser is vertical pressure vessel, and its structure comprises: upper cover, cylindrical shell, the first steam inlet, the first condensation chamber, the first dividing wall type heat exchanger, the first base plate, the first weep hole, the first connecting water pipe, the second steam inlet, the second condensation chamber, the second dividing wall type heat exchanger, the second base plate, the second weep hole, the second connecting water pipe, the 3rd steam inlet, the 3rd condensation chamber, the 3rd dividing wall type heat exchanger, water inlet pipe, outlet pipe, low head, vacuum exhaust pipe and condensate pipe.
Heating recirculated water backwater, enters condenser from bottom water inlet pipe, enters the 3rd dividing wall type heat exchanger, by partition and steam heat-exchanging, steam condensation trickles downwards, and heating recirculated water is again by the second connecting water pipe, upwards enter the second dividing wall type heat exchanger, continue through partition and steam heat-exchanging, then by the first connecting water pipe, upwards enter the first dividing wall type heat exchanger, by partition and steam heat-exchanging, finally, the heating recirculated water be heated by steam, is flowed out by outlet pipe.
By the first steam inlet, enter the steam of the first condensation chamber of condenser, vertically flow into the steam flow channel penetrating up and down of the first dividing wall type heat exchanger downwards, by partition to the heat transfer of heating recirculated water, condense after steam heat release, to face down trickling along heat exchange wall, flow to the first base plate, by the first weep hole, flow to the steam side of the second dividing wall type heat exchanger downwards; By second and the 3rd steam inlet, enter the steam of condenser second and the 3rd condensation chamber, by second and the 3rd dividing wall type heat exchanger to the heat transfer of heating recirculated water, steam heat release is condensed; The condensate water that whole steam condensation produces, is discharged by the condensate pipe bottom low head.
On sidewall bottom condenser, pick out vacuum exhaust pipe, extract the on-condensible gas in condenser out.
Steam channel, its structure comprises the blower fan on cylindrical shell and cylindrical shell.
Cylindrical shell is a circular jet chimney, is connected between the steam (vapor) outlet of evaporator evaporation room and the steam inlet of condenser condenses room by ring flange; Blower fan on cylindrical shell comprises: motor, driving-belt, power transmission shaft and impeller, and motor is by driving-belt and power transmission shaft, and impeller rotates in cylindrical shell, promotes vapor flow, flows to condenser from evaporimeter.
Described steam channel has three: Article 1 steam channel connects the first steam (vapor) outlet of evaporimeter and the first steam inlet of condenser, Article 2 steam channel connects the second steam (vapor) outlet of evaporimeter and the second steam inlet of condenser, and Article 3 steam channel connects the 3rd steam (vapor) outlet of evaporimeter and the 3rd steam inlet of condenser.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 gives the overall construction drawing of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention.
The general structure of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention, is divided into left and right two major parts in shape: left is vertical evaporimeter 100, and right is vertical condenser 300, and there is steam channel 200 centre.
Middle hot waste water enters evaporimeter 100 by water inlet pipe 110, the first vaporization chamber 135 in evaporimeter 100 is entered by the first sieve plate 130, pressure in vaporization chamber 135 is lower than saturation pressure corresponding to hot waste water temperature in import, so, middle hot waste water partly evaporates, at once also referred to as being flash distillation or dilatation after entering vaporization chamber 135.The steam that evaporation produces, by the first steam channel 200, enters the first condensation chamber 305 of condenser 300.
The steam that the evaporation of second, third vaporization chamber of evaporimeter 100 produces, successively by second, third steam channel, enters second, third condensation chamber of condenser 300.
The remaining saturated waste water of evaporimeter 100 first, second, and third vaporization chamber flash distillation, by sieve plate at different levels, trickles downwards successively.The remaining saturated waste water of final flash distillation, flows out downwards from the drainpipe 170 of bottom.Because falling head difference produces static pressure, wastewater pressure raises, and becomes unsaturated water, then discharges through suction pump.
The backwater of heating recirculated water, by feed pump, enters open shell and tube conde er 300 from the water inlet pipe 345 of condenser 300 bottom, from bottom to top, successively by three dividing wall type heat exchangers.After three dividing wall type heat exchangers, by warmed-up heating recirculated water in condenser 300, by condenser 300 top outlet pipe 325, outwards provide heating hot water.
The steam produced in evaporimeter 100 first vaporization chamber 135, enter the first condensation chamber 305 of condenser 300 from the first steam channel 200 level after, flow into the first dividing wall type heat exchanger 320 downwards, by partition and recirculated water heat exchange, steam heat release is also condensed, and trickles downwards.
Equally, the steam produced in second, third vaporization chamber of evaporimeter 100, after entering second, third condensation chamber of condenser 300 from second, third steam channel level, second, third dividing wall type heat exchanger of downward inflow, by partition and recirculated water heat exchange, steam heat release is also condensed, and trickles downwards.
Finally, flow to the condensate water gathered bottom condenser 300, by condensate pipe 365, discharge through condensate pump.
On the lower sides of condenser 300, there is a vacuum exhaust pipe 355.The on-condensible gas in condenser constantly extracted out by vavuum pump by vacuum exhaust pipe 355, the dissolved gas that in being exactly mainly, hot waste water is separated out, and leaked-in air in system, thus can ensure intrasystem vacuum.
In directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention, evaporimeter and condenser are upper and lower three grades, also can be two-stage up and down, or four, Pyatyi.
Directly-heated machine workflow is summarized as follows:
1, middle hot waste water enters evaporimeter 100 by inlet channel from top;
2, the pressure in evaporimeter 100 is low, and middle hot waste water partly evaporates after entering evaporimeter at once;
3, the steam produced in evaporimeter 100, by steam channel 200, enters condenser 300;
4, remaining saturated waste water in evaporimeter 100, flows out downwards from the drainpipe 170 of bottom;
5, heating recirculated water, by the feed pump on condenser 300 water inlet pipe 345, enters condenser 300;
6, condenser 300 is dividing wall type heat exchanger, and the side of partition is evaporimeter steam, and opposite side is heating recirculated water;
7, by warmed-up heating recirculated water in condenser 300, flowed out by outlet pipe 325;
8, in the below of condenser 300, there is vacuum exhaust pipe 355, extract the on-condensible gas in condenser out by vavuum pump;
9, the steam condensate in condenser 300, is flowed out by condensate pipe 365 and condensate pump.
Fig. 2 gives the evaporation structure figure of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention.
The evaporimeter of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention, its profile is a vertical pressure vessel, and its structure comprises: water inlet pipe 110, upper cover 120, cylindrical shell 150, first sieve plate 130, first vaporization chamber 135, first steam (vapor) outlet 140, second sieve plate, the second vaporization chamber, the second steam (vapor) outlet, the 3rd sieve plate, the 3rd vaporization chamber, the 3rd steam (vapor) outlet, low head 160 and drainpipe 170.
Middle hot waste water enters evaporimeter by water inlet pipe 110, the first vaporization chamber 135 in evaporimeter is entered again by the first sieve plate 130, pressure in vaporization chamber 135 is lower than saturation pressure corresponding to hot waste water temperature in import, so, middle hot waste water partly evaporates, at once also referred to as being flash distillation or dilatation after entering vaporization chamber 135.
The steam that the evaporation of evaporimeter first vaporization chamber produces, by the first steam (vapor) outlet 140, then by the first steam channel, enters the first condensation chamber of condenser.
The remaining saturated waste water of evaporimeter first vaporization chamber evaporation, passes downwardly through sieve plate at different levels, trickles downwards successively.
The steam that the evaporation of evaporimeter second vaporization chamber produces, by the second steam (vapor) outlet, then by the second steam channel, enters the second condensation chamber of condenser.
The remaining saturated waste water of evaporimeter second vaporization chamber evaporation, passes downwardly through sieve plate at different levels, trickles downwards successively.
The steam that the evaporation of evaporimeter the 3rd vaporization chamber produces, by the 3rd steam (vapor) outlet, then by the 3rd steam channel, enters the 3rd condensation chamber of condenser.
The remaining saturated waste water of evaporimeter the 3rd vaporization chamber evaporation, trickles downwards.
Finally, three grades of remaining saturated waste water of evaporation, flow out downwards from the drainpipe 170 of bottom.Because falling head difference produces static pressure, wastewater pressure raises, and becomes unsaturated water, then discharges through suction pump.
Sieve plate is porous plate, and its effect is:
1, for given discharge, the water layer on sieve plate should be 2 ~ 5 cm thicks, to ensure that the vapor phase space of upper and lower vaporization chamber does not communicate;
2, the water surface that sieve plate flows down, should have enough areas, to ensure the heat exchange needs between steam and water;
3, the diameter of the discharge orifice of sieve plate, is generally 6 ~ 8 millimeters, can not be little 6 millimeters, to prevent blocking.
Fig. 3 gives the condenser structure figure of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention.
The condenser of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention, it is three sections of vertical tandem dividing wall type heat exchangers, its profile is a pressure vessel, its structure comprises: upper cover 310, cylindrical shell 315, steam inlet 350, first condensation chamber 305, first dividing wall type heat exchanger 320, first base plate 330, first weep hole 335, first connecting water pipe 340, second condensation chamber, second dividing wall type heat exchanger, second base plate, second weep hole, second connecting water pipe 342, 3rd condensation chamber, 3rd dividing wall type heat exchanger, water inlet pipe 345, outlet pipe 325, low head 360, vacuum exhaust pipe 355 and condensate pipe 365.
The low-temperature return water of heating recirculated water, by feed pump, enters condenser from bottom water inlet pipe 345, enters the bottom the 3rd section of dividing wall type heat exchanger of upper and lower three sections of tandem dividing wall type heat exchangers.In the 3rd section of dividing wall type heat exchanger, heating recirculated water is by partition and steam heat-exchanging, and steam condensation heat release, the heat of steam improves circulating water temperature, and steam condensate is trickled downwards by Vertical Channel in dividing wall type heat exchanger.After flowing through the 3rd section of dividing wall type heat exchanger, by preliminarily heated heating recirculated water, by the second connecting water pipe 342, upwards enter second segment dividing wall type heat exchanger, continue through partition and steam heat-exchanging.Flow through second segment dividing wall type heat exchanger, the heating recirculated water be further heated, by the first connecting water pipe 340, upwards enter first paragraph dividing wall type heat exchanger, continue through partition and steam heat-exchanging.Finally, the heating recirculated water be sufficiently heated, is flowed out by outlet pipe 325, to heat user heat supply.
The steam of the first vaporization chamber evaporation generation of evaporimeter, by the first steam channel, after entering the first condensation chamber 305 of condenser, vertically flow into the steam flow channel penetrating up and down of first paragraph dividing wall type heat exchanger 320 downwards, by partition to the heat transfer of heating recirculated water, condense after steam heat release, to face down trickling along heat exchange wall, flow to the first base plate 330, by the first weep hole 335, flow to the steam side of the second dividing wall type heat exchanger downwards.
Equally, the steam of second, third vaporization chamber evaporation generation of evaporimeter, by second, third steam channel, after entering second, third condensation chamber of condenser, vertically flow into the steam flow channel penetrating up and down of second, third section of dividing wall type heat exchanger downwards, by partition to the heat transfer of heating recirculated water, condense after steam heat release, to face down trickling along heat exchange wall.
Finally, the condensate water of the steam side condensation generation of whole three grades of dividing wall type heat exchangers, is flow to the retaining room in low head 360 together, then is discharged by condensate pipe 365 and condensate pump.
On the sidewall of the upper space of the retaining room in low head 360, pick out vacuum exhaust pipe 355.The on-condensible gas in condenser constantly extracted out by vavuum pump by vacuum exhaust pipe 355, be exactly mainly the on-condensible gas carried secretly in steam, and leaked-in air in system, thus intrasystem vacuum can be ensured, ensure evaporimeter flash temperature, ensure condensation dividing wall type heat exchanger efficient heat transfer.
Said dividing wall type heat exchanger can be plate type heat exchanger, spiral heat exchanger or shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 is the steam passage structure figure of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention.
The structure of the steam channel of directly-heated machine embodiment of the present invention comprises the blower fan on cylindrical shell 250 and cylindrical shell.
Cylindrical shell 250 is circular horizontal steam pipelines, is connected between the vaporization chamber of evaporimeter 100 and the condensation chamber of condenser 300 by ring flange.
Blower fan on cylindrical shell comprises: motor 210, driving-belt 220, power transmission shaft 230, impeller 240.Under motor 210 drives, by driving-belt 220 and power transmission shaft 230, impeller 240 rotates in cylindrical shell 250, promotes vapor flow, flows to condenser from evaporimeter.