A kind of degree of depth energy conservation sea water desalting apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of degree of depth energy conservation sea water desalting apparatus, belong to desalinization and energy-saving and emission-reduction field.
Background technology
Along with economic fast development, human living standard improves constantly, and water resource is as a kind of basic resource,
Become the Vital Strategic Problems of restriction socio-economic development.Especially in China, China's water resource per capita only has 2100m3, only generation
The 28% of boundary's average level;Only Beijing water resources consumption level in 2012 exceeds the 70% of total supply, and water resource deficiency is
Increasingly become the bottleneck of China's high speed development.As a kind of stable and unrestricted fresh water supply approach, desalinization
It it is one of method of most prospect solving natural fresh water resource shortage.Full-boiled process seawater desalinization pretreatment is simple, and maintenance cycle is long,
But conventional full-boiled process desalinization exchanges fresh water to consume high-grade energy for for cost, and thermal source cost makes desalinating cost very
High.It is to solve desalination technology to be difficult to the primary of spread that the method utilizing innovation reduces energy consumption problem in desalinization
Problem.Desalinization combines controlling the water circulation with energy-intensive industries, and utilizing low-grade low temperature exhaust heat is full-boiled process desalinization for thermal source
The direction of technology development, possesses the advantage that single desalination technology is incomparable.
Low-grade heat source and then minimizing full-boiled process desalinization heat consumption cost is utilized to have the newest method, such as low-temperature multi-effect
Technology, it can utilize as little as it is crucial that the utilization of the use of multistage multiple-effect and low-grade steam greatly reduces thermal source cost
Water producing cost, as desalinization thermal source, is fallen below 6-8 yuan/ton, but the developing direction of this technology is ton by 70 DEG C of steam
Ultra-large controlling the water circulation is the highest to ton water cost in small-scale engineering.Another kind of method, such as capillary force actuation techniques, this skill
Art, with metal powder sintered porous body as evaporating surface, utilizes capillary force to evaporating surface moisturizing, decreases conventional art sea water and supplement
The use of kinetic pump, reduce the temperature of desalinization, the thermal source of available as little as 33 DEG C simultaneously.But typical capillary force
Desalination technology is driven to have a fatal inferior position, it is simply that vaporizer uses metal solid-phase sintering technology, and the method is with high costs, high temperature
Sintering process is complicated, and another significant problem existed is that running later stage fouling crystallization blocks evaporating surface, and difficulty is cleaned, it may be said that
Solid-phase sintering porous evaporation face be system properly functioning in a bottleneck problem being difficult to avoid that.Number of patent application:
201510892409.3, it is proposed that a kind of desalinization processing means, utilize REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE to realize low temperature seawater desalination, vaporizer
Using conventional rib-type solid sintered porous bodies, there is steam channel in vaporizer, reduces heat exchange area, if it is desired to extensive
Producing water, whole device is the hugest;Additionally use fin heat conduction capillary wick, increase thermal conduction resistance, hinder heat exchange;Simultaneously rib with
Capillary materials needs to be in close contact (Interference contact), the highest to the flatness requirement on rib surface and capillary wick evaporating surface, precision
Need to control at 0.1 micron so that the program is limited in laboratory scale always and uses.Big in order to solve fin thermal conduction resistance, flat
Whole degree requires the problem that height limits large-scale application.Number of patent application: 201510850716.5, it is proposed that a kind of REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE sea
Water desalination vaporizer, vaporization chamber uses flat integrated solid phase sintering porous body, solves fin thermal conduction resistance big, flatness
Require a high difficult problem, but still suffering from heat-transfer surface cost in a fatal problem large-scale application is Conventional cryogenic multiple-effect sea water
10-50 times of desalinating cost, cost is the highest;More seriously solid-phase sintering makes device in running, and salinity exists
Top layer or internal crystallization, easily block porous body, and capillary layer fouling crystallization is difficult to process, and cleaning problem is difficult to solve;It addition,
When vaporization chamber fixed gas is too much or steam generation rate is too fast, porous body and sea water side can be caused to separate, cause porous body
Cannot the problem of imbibition.
Capillary method desalination technology decreases thermal source cost to a certain extent to the use of low-temperature heat source, but the utilization of low heat
Mean that this technology is difficult to low-temperature multi-effect technology the same, energy consumption cost is greatly lowered by recycling steam condensation heat.
Because 33 DEG C of thermals source are the most sufficiently small to the heat transfer temperature difference of sea water, it is impossible to be arranged to multistage condensation heat be recycled.Although it is logical
The method crossing mechanical compress can solve the problem that this problem, but mechanical compress is electric power input, and power cost is high, and it directly increases
Desalinating cost, is not suitable for the popularization and application of the capillary method desalination technology that the leading low-temperature heat source degree of depth recycles very much.Mesh
The absorption pressurization cycle of front existence is a kind of typical raise steam device, and it defeats vapour method relative to traditional mechanical electric
Decrease the acting of high-grade electric energy, it is possible to use low temperature heat energy carries out steam pressurized circulation.But in today that the energy is the most in short supply,
Vigorously advocate Absorption heat-transformer under the background of energy-saving and emission-reduction and be still a highly energy-consuming process, define the application of the method,
If the energy consumption input of absorption pressurized circulation process can be reduced further, to advancing absorption compression system by certain means
Application has great innovative significance.Such as number of patent application: 201310024546.6, it is proposed that a kind of solar airconditioning desalinization system
System, carries out steam pressurization, replaces traditional mechanical compression, uses low-temperature multi-effect simultaneously, improves energy utilization rate;But this system is many
Place needs booster, needs to consume more high-order electric energy, does not possess degree of depth power savings advantages.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of degree of depth energy conservation sea water desalting apparatus.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of degree of depth energy conservation sea water desalting apparatus, the vapor absorption pond that including desalinization pond, there is difference in height and steaming
Vapour occurred pool, bottom, described desalinization pond is hydrophilic powder accumulation body, the top layer of heat exchanger tube embedment hydrophilic powder accumulation body, top
Portion has vacuum orifice to be connected with vacuum equipment;Lithium bromide-water solution conduct is had in described steam generation pond and vapor absorption pond
Absorbent, is connected by liquid line, and the absorbent in described steam generation pond is connected with top, vapor absorption pond by solution pump;
After sea water flows through the absorbent in vapor absorption pond by sea water water inlet pipe, enter hydrophilic powder heap by sea water pipe
Long-pending body, flows out from the Brine Pipe of opposite side after concentration, and the steam that evaporation produces enters vapor absorption pond by primary steam pipe;Institute
Stating in the inner absorbent of steam generation pond and have industrial exhaust heat pipeline, the steam of generation is connected with heat exchanger tube by secondary steam pipe, cold
Flow out from the fresh water pipe of the other end after Ning.
The present invention utilizes industrial waste heat that the primary steam of low-temp low-pressure becomes temperature and pressure the two of certain rising
Secondary steam, the indirect steam after intensification can produce new primary steam as thermal source heating seawater again, and indirect steam is cold simultaneously
Coagulate and carry out for fresh water, so circulation.
Vapor absorption pond is connected by nature solution post with steam generation pond.In desalinization pond, heat exchanger tube embedment is hydrophilic
Powder accumulation surface layer, indirect steam condenses the sea water passing to outside pipe by heat in heat exchanger tube, and evaporation of seawater produces new one
Secondary steam.Wherein, the primary steam that evaporation produces is connected with vapor absorption pond by primary steam pipe, and in steam generation pond
Steam after boosting heats up is connected with heat exchanger tube by secondary steam pipe.Cold sea water is entered in vapor absorption pond by water inlet pipe
To improving vapor absorption rate and the effect to seawater preheating, the sea water after preheating is entered in hydrophilic powder accumulation body by sea water pipe flow,
Being drawn onto top layer and heat exchanger tube heat exchange under capillary suction force effect, sea water is by thermal evaporation, and unevaporated sea water is along saline
Pipe bleeder.
Feature of the present invention is utilize non-solid phase capillary evaporator forming technique to solve in conventional capillary method desalination technology two
Big technical bottleneck: one is that typical powder sintered forming technique cost is abnormal expensive;Two is that solid-phase sintering porous body is at later stage salt
Dividing the cleaning aspect difficulty of fouling, blocking is serious.Uncompensated room design (compensated chamber merges with hydrophilic porous accumulation body)
Mode solves fixed gas in sea water and separates out and cause the porous media cannot the problem of imbibition.In terms of the increasing temperature and pressure of steam, keep away
Exempt from the use of booster in absorption pressurizer, utilized gravity boosting recovered steam condensation heat, improve water generation ratio, frozen-free
It is energy-conservation that the design of device realizes the degree of depth.
Compare conventional art native system to be advantageous in that:
1) in vapor absorption-vaporization cycle, utilizing gravity to boost, it is not necessary to solution pump, device is simple, energy-conservation.
2), in desalinization room, the porous media utilizing hydrophilic powder to be formed provides power to supplement sea water, and perfection solves
The cleaning problem of conventional capillary method, owing to powder is natural packing, the method using current solid phase to break up, it is possible not only to solve hair
The crystallisation problems of thin wicking surface, the crystallisation problems of solid interior can also solve well, and cleans simple, easily operates, is
Regular seawater desalination institute is irrealizable.And this porous body need not fin, the heat conductivity of fine sand is 0.28-0.34W/
(m2K), than solid sintered porous bodies heat conductivity (1.9W/ (m2K)) much lower, reduce thermal conduction resistance, increase heat exchange amount,
It is beneficial to evaporation of seawater;Need not on heat-transfer surface arrange special steam channel, increase heat exchange area, beneficially heat transmission.Remove
Outside this, the preferable grains of sand of hydrophilic powder, water-absorbable plastic powder etc., low cost, beneficially marketing.
3) uncompensated room design (using the mode that compensated chamber merges with hydrophilic porous natural packing body) solves sea
In water, fixed gas separates out and causes the porous media cannot the problem of imbibition.
4) utilize atmospheric pressure and water column gravity methods, above the water column that 10.3m is high, form the place of low pressure, can
To obtain the highest vacuum, reduce evaporation of seawater temperature, minimum up to 33 DEG C, solve the bottle that full-boiled process desalinization cost is high
Neck.
5) indirect steam transfers heat to sea water and produces new primary steam, and self then directly condenses in jet chimney
For fresh water, it is not necessary to be separately provided condenser, compact conformation.
6) absorption refrigeration combines with low temperature seawater desalination, and primary steam desalinization produced is by absorption process
Producing the indirect steam of High Temperature High Pressure, continue as thermal source in desalinization, this design makes whole desalination process not condense
Heat loss, is equivalent to 10 effects of the REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CAPILLARY FORCE desalination method of routine, it is achieved the degree of depth is energy-conservation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram, 1. desalinization room, 2. heat exchanger tube, 3. hydrophilic powder accumulation body, 4. evacuation
Mouthful, 5. primary steam pipe, 6. fresh water pipe, 7. secondary steam pipe, 8. sea water pipe, 9. Brine Pipe, 10. vapor absorption pond, 11. steam
Occurred pool, 12. solution pumps, 13. sea water water inlet pipes, 14. liquid lines, 15. industrial exhaust heat pipelines.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of degree of depth energy conservation sea water desalting apparatus, the vapor absorption pond that including desalinization pond, there is difference in height and steaming
Vapour occurred pool, bottom, described desalinization pond is hydrophilic powder accumulation body, the top layer of heat exchanger tube embedment hydrophilic powder accumulation body, top
Portion has vacuum orifice to be connected with vacuum equipment;Lithium bromide-water solution conduct is had in described steam generation pond and vapor absorption pond
Absorbent, is connected by liquid line, and the absorbent in described steam generation pond is connected with top, vapor absorption pond by solution pump;
Wherein, the steam that desalinization room 1 evaporation produces is connected with vapor absorption pond 10 by primary steam pipe 5, and
In steam generation pond, the steam after boosting is connected with heat exchanger tube 2 by secondary steam pipe 7.
Cold sea water is entered by water inlet pipe 13 and plays raising vapor absorption rate and the work to seawater preheating in vapor absorption pond
With, the sea water after preheating is flowed in hydrophilic powder accumulation body 3 by sea water pipe 8, be drawn onto under capillary suction force effect top layer with
Heat exchanger tube 2 heat exchange, sea water is by thermal evaporation, and unevaporated sea water is along Brine Pipe 9 bleeder.
The absorbent used in steam generation pond, vapor absorption pond is lithium bromide-water solution;Vapor absorption pond 10 lithium bromide
Solution absorbs the primary steam of desalinization room 1 generation and becomes weak solution, and weak solution is under gravity via liquid line 14
Naturally flow to steam generation pond 11, during rely on solution post gravity boost, it is not necessary to the liter in typical absorption formula system
Press pump;Dilute lithium-bromide solution is heated in steam generator 11, and temperature raises, and water dissolubility in lithium bromide solvent reduces excessive
Going out, forming pressure and temperature has the indirect steam of certain lifting;Indirect steam is entered in heat exchanger tube 2 by secondary steam pipe 7, adds
The sea water of heat pipe outer wall absorption, produces new primary steam, and primary steam enters quilt in vapor absorption pond 10 along primary steam pipe 5
Absorbing, indirect steam self is then condensed into fresh water and flows out through fresh water pipe 6.Complete a circulation.
Wherein, the pressure differential in vapor absorption pond 10 and steam generation pond 11 is about 6.5-8kPa (herein taking 6.5kPa), passes
System Absorption heat-transformer uses booster pressurization to provide this pressure difference value, needs to consume high-grade electric energy;At this, we create
Proposing to new property utilizes water column gravity to realize solution turning by low pressure to steam generation pond 11 mesohigh in vapor absorption pond 10
Changing, steam generation pond (7.35kPa, 40 DEG C) is placed on ground, absorption cell (0.85kPa, 5 DEG C) is placed in the air, passes through between the two
Liquid line 14 connects, and difference in height is designed as Δ H=Δ p/ ρ g=0.65m, can realize boost process;And lithium-bromide solution from
When occurred pool is back to absorption cell, the pump merit that required solution pump 12 provides isThat is solution pump
Having only to overcome frictional resistance, required pump merit is the least.
Wherein, the lithium-bromide solution aspirated back through solution pump 12 spray in vapor absorption pond and under, can fully absorb
Primary steam;Absorption process liberated heat is taken away by cryogenic sea, the effect of the most pre-hot sea water.
Wherein, the external heat source temperature in steam generation pond 11 need not the highest, higher than the evaporating temperature 5 DEG C of generator,
The low-grade energies such as solar energy, geothermal energy, power plant effluent waste heat can be utilized.
Wherein, system utilizes capillary force to drive sea water to enter vaporization chamber and supplements evaporation sea water, compared with regular seawater desalination,
Porous media is the natural packing body formed by hydrophilic powder.Vaporizer uses the natural packing that hydrophilic non-sintered medium is formed
Body, perfection solves the cleaning problem of conventional capillary method.Although conventional capillary method has uses the anti-method cleaned, but can only be to table
Mitigation is played in face fouling, does not the most act on for internal crystallization fouling;And the porous media in the present invention is natural packing,
The method using current solid phase to break up, is possible not only to solve the crystallisation problems on capillary wick surface, and the crystallisation problems of solid interior is also
Can solve well, and clean simple, easily operate, be that conventional capillary method desalinization institute is irrealizable.
Wherein, hydrophilic powder is a kind of hydrophilic corrosion-resistant non-sintered porous material, can use the grains of sand, water suction polymeric powder
Deng, particle diameter micron dimension, it is provided that bigger capillary driving force.
Wherein, the mode that compensated chamber and hydrophilic porous natural packing body merge solves fixed gas precipitation in sea water and causes many
Hole medium cannot the problem of imbibition.
Wherein, indirect steam pipeline is directly embedded in natural packing surface layer, strengthens heat exchange, produces with seawater to make heat exchange and once steams
While vapour, self is condensed into fresh water, it is not necessary to condenser.
Industrial exhaust heat is used for realizing heating up solution in steam generation pond, makes the water in absorption cell be evaporated, examines
Considering heat transfer temperature difference, industrial exhaust heat temperature should be at least high 5 DEG C than primary steam temperature.
Hydrophilic powder accumulation horizon is a kind of hydrophilic seawater corrosion resistance powder, for ensureing that sea water is from accumulation horizon bottom energy quilt
Being pumped to outside the heat exchanger tube of top layer, its powder diameter should be micron level, and preferred powder diameter is less than 50 microns.
Hydrophilic powder is the material that a kind of heat conductivity is excessively poor so that heat can be used for heating outside heat exchanger tube as far as possible
The sea water of wall, it is achieved the local of sea water is heated.Taken away with brine discharge form, as far as possible to bottom seawater without heat conduction
Many generation fresh water, can be preferably the grains of sand, water-absorbable plastic powder etc. for this its material.
The key problem in technology point of the present invention:
1) absorption refrigeration is combined with desalinization, between vapor absorption pond and steam generation pond, utilizes solution nature fluid column
Realize gravity boosting, it is not necessary to booster;
2) porous media that vaporization chamber utilizes corrosion-resistant hydrophilic powder accumulation body to be formed provides capillary power to supplement sea water, complete
U.S.A solves the cleaning problem of conventional capillary method, owing to being natural packing, uses the side that certain pressure water impact fine sand is broken up
Method, is possible not only to solve the crystallisation problems on capillary wick surface, and the crystallisation problems of solid interior can also solve well.
3) hydrophilic powder can use the grains of sand, water-absorbable plastic powder etc., is not limited only to again this, and its core is that hydrophilic non-sintered is situated between
Matter;Low cost, beneficially marketing.