CN105086838B - Preparation method for tuna skin gelatin - Google Patents
Preparation method for tuna skin gelatin Download PDFInfo
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- CN105086838B CN105086838B CN201510499071.5A CN201510499071A CN105086838B CN 105086838 B CN105086838 B CN 105086838B CN 201510499071 A CN201510499071 A CN 201510499071A CN 105086838 B CN105086838 B CN 105086838B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for tuna skin gelatin. Tuna skins are treated, enzymolysis degreasing is performed, and then the tuna skin gelatin is obtained through extraction. With the tuna skins being raw materials, the source of the raw materials is wide, the technological steps are simple, and the defects that in a traditional technology, the production period of products is long, finished products have bitter and fishy smell and taste bad, the molecular weight distribution of the products is wide, and absorption of the human body is not facilitated are overcome. The preparation method is short in production period and high in yield, wherein the yield can reach 87-95%; the product purity is high, the bitter and fishy smell is removed, taste is good, and the absorption of the human body is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of marine animal extraction, more particularly, to a kind of raising purity and extraction ratio, remove bitter raw meat
Taste, improve mouthfeel, beneficial to absorption of human body tuna skin gelatin preparation method.
Background technology
Tuna (tunas) is named yaito tuna, tuna fish again, belongs to Perciformess mackerel section, as a kind of abyssal fishes, tuna is not only
Meat flavour is delicious, and nutritive value is very high, rich in proteins, unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin, with pure natural, nutritive value
High and enjoy great prestige international market.The main machining kinds of tuna have bluefin tuna, longfinned tunny, yellowfin tuna and big eye
Tuna.Zhejiang Province is China's tuna machining center, has the tuna processing base of whole nation maximum, tuna is except marketing fresh
Outward, the added value of its converted products is very high, typically is used for making sushi and canned food through freezing processing.And long-term with
Come, both at home and abroad for the by-product of tuna sliced meat processing, internal organs, fish skin, fishbone is only simply processed or straight as rubbish
Connect discarding.At present, the trend reducing in the face of global tuna catch, studies tuna byproduct comprehensive utilization, turns waste into wealth,
Develop high value-added product, not only for tuna comprehensive exploitation and environmental protection, to reduce the wasting of resources significant,
And the extension of tuna industrial chain and the economic benefit improving tuna manufacturing enterprise can be expanded.
Gelatin belongs to collagen protein through the generated mixtures of polypeptides of appropriateness degraded, is that a kind of the natural of Mobyneb can
Degradation biological polymer substance, have reduce with temperature or raise and produce gel and collosol state can mutual reversal excellent
Characteristic, in medicine, the field such as food, cosmetic is widely used.At present, the traditional raw material of Gelatin Industry is mainly derived from pig and cattle etc.
The skin of mammal and bone.But in recent years, due to cattle, entrained various the infectious disease such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mouth hoof propagated of the animal such as pig
The wreaking havoc of epidemic disease, leads to many countries to reduce or prohibit cattle, the production of gelatin in pig source, using and import.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of raising pure for the defect of the waste solving tuna by-product fish skin
Degree and extraction ratio, remove bitter off-flavors, improve mouthfeel, beneficial to absorption of human body tuna skin gelatin preparation method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) according to solid-liquid ratio 1:3-6w/v, the tuna cleaning up fish skin is placed in treatment fluid, the fish skin after process
Drain and carried out with Digestive Enzyme digesting defat, obtain the fish skin after defat；
B) fish skin after the defat obtaining step a) is placed in clear water and cleans 5-10 time, is dried under vacuum to water content 15%
Hereinafter, according to solid-liquid ratio 1:10-15w/v, dried fish skin is put in the slightly acidic water solution of temperature 55-75 DEG C after rubbing
Extract 5-10 time, each extraction time 2-5h, be then combined with extracting solution；
C) in glass adsorption column, filling mass ratio is activated carbon, glass microballoon and the nanometer silver of 5:1:3, and step b) is obtained
To extracting solution chromatography is circulated with the flow velocity of 35-65ml/min, chromatography number of times 5-10 time, then with 12000-15000r/
Min is centrifuged 2-4min, collects supernatant, adds mushroom extracting solution, filter, concentrate, be dried, obtain after stirring 4-8h in supernatant
To tuna skin gelatin.In the technical program, present invention research tuna byproduct comprehensive utilization, turns waste into wealth, develops
High value-added product, not only for tuna comprehensive exploitation and environmental protection, significant, the Er Qieke that reduces the wasting of resources
To expand the extension of tuna industrial chain and the economic benefit improving tuna manufacturing enterprise.
Preferably, treatment fluid described in step a) is 15-25 part acetic acid, 6-12 part sodium alginate, 4-9 part Methionine, 3-5
Part yeast rich in selenium, 10-15 part citric acid, 1-5 part Fructose and 12-24 part malic acid are dissolved in 150-200 part deionized water.At this
In technical scheme, selenium has antitumaous effect, antioxidation, can strengthen body immunity, and scientific circles' research finds, blood selenium level
Height closely bound up with the generation of cancer.Substantial amounts of survey data explanation, the height of a regional food and Selenium in Soils content
There is direct relation with the sickness rate of cancer, for example: Se content in this regional food and soil is high, the sickness rate of cancer and dead
Rate of dying is just low, conversely, this regional cancer morbidity and mortality rate are just high, true explanation selenium is had with cancer closely
Relation.Simultaneously scientific circles also identify selenium have prophylaxis of cancer effect, be body trace element " king of anti-cancer ".
Preferably, slightly acidic water solution is after citric acid is mixed by weight 2:5 with acetic acid plus deionization in step b)
Water is configured to the aqueous solution of ph5.6-5.9.In the technical program, the present invention under mildly acidic conditions, do not explain by epidermal area, this
Sample can avoid producing the waste water of the Organic substances such as substantial amounts of protein and pigment because of epidermal area degraded, accomplishes cleanly production,
Only destroy the chemical bond that collagen is connected with compositions other in fish skin simultaneously, and between tropocollagen molecule and intramolecular chemical bond portion breaks
Bad, it is to avoid collagen degradation causes yield to reduce.
Preferably, the granularity of activated carbon is 400 mesh, specific surface area 1450, the particle diameter of glass microballoon is 15-25 μm.
Preferably, Digestive Enzyme is alkaline lipase in step a), the temperature of enzymolysis processing is 40-45 DEG C, the temperature of enzyme denaturing
Spend for 85-90 DEG C, enzymolysis time 1-3h, the addition of Digestive Enzyme is the 0.5-0.9% of fish skin quality.In the technical program, make
With the method for enzymolysis by the steatolysiss in fish skin so that remaining of fish skin is protein, thus ensureing the quality of finished product.
Preferably, the preparation method of mushroom extracting solution is as follows: add edible fungi quality after edible fungi is cleaned and crush
0.2% protease, is then extracted, extraction time 3-4 hour, temperature 50 C, and after extraction, 200 filter now, and filtering residue is carried out
Second extraction, second extraction is to add the deionized water of 15 times of filtering residue quality, extraction time 1-2 hour, temperature 85 in filtering residue
DEG C, it is concentrated into the 20% of total liquid volume after the extracting solution obtaining twice is mixed, obtain mushroom extracting solution.
Preferably, edible fungi be Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia combine with Tremella, Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata,
The mass ratio of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella is 2:3:2:7:1.In the technical program, the present invention adds mushroom extracting solution, a side
Face is the nutritional labeling in order to increase collagen protein, and also to removing fishy smell and the heavy metal element wherein containing.
Preferably, in step b), using vibration of ultrasonic wave during extraction, ultrasonic power is 55-65kw.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:, with tuna fish skin as raw material, raw material sources are wide for the present invention, processing step letter
Single, overcome the long the production cycle of traditional handicraft shortcoming product, finished product has bitter off-flavors, poor taste, product molecular weight distribution wide,
The shortcoming being unfavorable for absorption of human body, the preparation method of the present invention is with short production cycle, the high 87-95% of yield, and product purity is high, removes
Bitter off-flavors, in good taste, and it is beneficial to absorption of human body；
The present invention under mildly acidic conditions, do not explain by epidermal area, so can avoid producing a large amount of because of epidermal area degraded
Protein and the Organic substance such as pigment waste water, accomplish cleanly production, only destroy simultaneously collagen other with fish skin become split-phase
Chemical bond even, and between tropocollagen molecule and intramolecular chemical bond portion destroys, it is to avoid collagen degradation causes yield to reduce.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained:
If not refering in particular to, its technique is existing process；The present invention is raw materials used to be all commercially available.
Yeast rich in selenium is purchased from Wuhan Neng Ren medication chemistry company limited.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) according to solid-liquid ratio 1:3w/v, the tuna cleaning up fish skin is placed in treatment fluid, the fish skin drip after process
Do and carried out with Digestive Enzyme digesting defat, obtain the fish skin after defat；Wherein, described treatment fluid is 15 parts of acetic acid, 6 parts of alginic acid
Sodium, 4 parts of Methionine, 3 parts of yeast rich in seleniums, 10 parts of citric acids, 1 part of Fructose are dissolved in 150 parts of deionized waters with 12 parts of malic acids；Fat
Fat enzyme is alkaline lipase, and the temperature of enzymolysis processing is 40 DEG C, and the temperature of enzyme denaturing is 85 DEG C, enzymolysis time 1h, Digestive Enzyme plus
Enter amount for the 0.5% of fish skin quality；
B) fish skin after the defat that step a) is obtained be placed in clear water clean 5 times, be dried under vacuum to water content 15% with
Under, according to solid-liquid ratio 1:10w/v, dried fish skin is put in after rubbing in the slightly acidic water solution of 55 DEG C of temperature and extracts 5 times,
Extraction time 2h, is then combined with extracting solution every time；Wherein, slightly acidic water solution is that citric acid is mixed by weight 2:5 with acetic acid
Afterwards plus deionized water is configured to the aqueous solution of ph5.6；Using vibration of ultrasonic wave during extraction, ultrasonic power is 55kw；
C) in glass adsorption column, filling mass ratio is activated carbon, glass microballoon and the nanometer silver of 5:1:3, and step b) is obtained
To extracting solution chromatography is circulated with the flow velocity of 35ml/min, chromatography number of times 5 times, then 2min is centrifuged with 12000r/min,
Collect supernatant, supernatant adds mushroom extracting solution, filters after stirring 4h, concentrate, be dried, obtain tuna skin gelatin；
Wherein, the granularity of activated carbon is 400 mesh, specific surface area 1450, and the particle diameter of glass microballoon is 15-25 μm；Mushroom extracting solution
Preparation method is as follows: adds the protease of edible fungi quality 0.2% after edible fungi is cleaned and crush, is then extracted, during extraction
Between 3 hours, temperature 50 C, after extraction, 200 filter now, and filtering residue carries out second extraction, second extraction be in filtering residue add filter
The deionized water that 15 times of slag amount, 1 hour extraction time, 85 DEG C of temperature, it is concentrated into total after the extracting solution obtaining twice is mixed
The 20% of liquid volume, obtains mushroom extracting solution；Edible fungi is Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia are combined with Tremella, Fructus Pruni
The mass ratio of abalone mushroom, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella is 2:3:2:7:1.Yield of gelatin 87%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) according to solid-liquid ratio 1:4w/v, the tuna cleaning up fish skin is placed in treatment fluid, the fish skin drip after process
Do and carried out with Digestive Enzyme digesting defat, obtain the fish skin after defat；Wherein, described treatment fluid is 20 parts of acetic acid, 10 parts of alginic acid
Sodium, 6 parts of Methionine, 4 parts of yeast rich in seleniums, 12 parts of citric acids, 3 parts of Fructose are dissolved in 180 parts of deionized waters with 18 parts of malic acids；Fat
Fat enzyme is alkaline lipase, and the temperature of enzymolysis processing is 42 DEG C, and the temperature of enzyme denaturing is 88 DEG C, enzymolysis time 2h, Digestive Enzyme plus
Enter amount for the 0.65% of fish skin quality；
B) fish skin after the defat that step a) is obtained be placed in clear water clean 8 times, be dried under vacuum to water content 15% with
Under, according to solid-liquid ratio 1:12w/v, dried fish skin is put in after rubbing in the slightly acidic water solution of temperature 60 C and extracts 7 times,
Extraction time 3h, is then combined with extracting solution every time；Wherein, slightly acidic water solution is that citric acid is mixed by weight 2:5 with acetic acid
Afterwards plus deionized water is configured to the aqueous solution of ph5.8；Using vibration of ultrasonic wave during extraction, ultrasonic power is 60kw；
C) in glass adsorption column, filling mass ratio is activated carbon, glass microballoon and the nanometer silver of 5:1:3, and step b) is obtained
To extracting solution chromatography is circulated with the flow velocity of 50ml/min, chromatography number of times 7 times, then 3min is centrifuged with 14000r/min,
Collect supernatant, supernatant adds mushroom extracting solution, filters after stirring 6h, concentrate, be dried, obtain tuna skin gelatin；
Wherein, the granularity of activated carbon is 400 mesh, specific surface area 1450, and the particle diameter of glass microballoon is 15-25 μm；Mushroom extracting solution
Preparation method is as follows: adds the protease of edible fungi quality 0.2% after edible fungi is cleaned and crush, is then extracted, during extraction
Between 3.5 hours, temperature 50 C, after extraction, 200 filter now, and filtering residue carries out second extraction, second extraction be in filtering residue add
The deionized water that 15 times of filtering residue quality, 1.5 hours extraction times, 85 DEG C of temperature, concentrate after the extracting solution obtaining twice is mixed
To the 20% of total liquid volume, obtain mushroom extracting solution；Edible fungi is Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, the group of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella
Close, the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella is 2:3:2:7:1.Yield of gelatin 92%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) according to solid-liquid ratio 1:6w/v, the tuna cleaning up fish skin is placed in treatment fluid, the fish skin drip after process
Do and carried out with Digestive Enzyme digesting defat, obtain the fish skin after defat；Wherein, described treatment fluid is 25 parts of acetic acid, 12 parts of alginic acid
Sodium, 9 parts of Methionine, 5 parts of yeast rich in seleniums, 15 parts of citric acids, 5 parts of Fructose are dissolved in 200 parts of deionized waters with 24 parts of malic acids；Fat
Fat enzyme is alkaline lipase, and the temperature of enzymolysis processing is 45 DEG C, and the temperature of enzyme denaturing is 90 DEG C, enzymolysis time 3h, Digestive Enzyme plus
Enter amount for the 0.9% of fish skin quality；
B) fish skin after the defat that step a) is obtained be placed in clear water clean 10 times, be dried under vacuum to water content 15% with
Under, according to solid-liquid ratio 1:15w/v, dried fish skin is put in after rubbing in the slightly acidic water solution of 75 DEG C of temperature and extracts 10 times,
Extraction time 2-5h, is then combined with extracting solution every time；Wherein, slightly acidic water solution is that citric acid is mixed by weight 2:5 with acetic acid
The aqueous solution that deionized water is configured to ph5.9 is added after conjunction；Using vibration of ultrasonic wave during extraction, ultrasonic power is 65kw.
C) in glass adsorption column, filling mass ratio is activated carbon, glass microballoon and the nanometer silver of 5:1:3, and step b) is obtained
To extracting solution chromatography is circulated with the flow velocity of 65ml/min, chromatography number of times 10 times, then 4min is centrifuged with 15000r/min,
Collect supernatant, supernatant adds mushroom extracting solution, filters after stirring 8h, concentrate, be dried, obtain tuna skin gelatin；
Wherein, the granularity of activated carbon is 400 mesh, specific surface area 1450, and the particle diameter of glass microballoon is 15-25 μm；Mushroom extracting solution
Preparation method is as follows: adds the protease of edible fungi quality 0.2% after edible fungi is cleaned and crush, is then extracted, during extraction
Between 4 hours, temperature 50 C, after extraction, 200 filter now, and filtering residue carries out second extraction, second extraction be in filtering residue add filter
The deionized water that 15 times of slag amount, 2 hours extraction times, 85 DEG C of temperature, it is concentrated into total after the extracting solution obtaining twice is mixed
The 20% of liquid volume, obtains mushroom extracting solution；Edible fungi is Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia are combined with Tremella, Fructus Pruni
The mass ratio of abalone mushroom, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella is 2:3:2:7:1.Yield of gelatin 95%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin is it is characterised in that described preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) according to solid-liquid ratio 1:3-6w/v, the tuna cleaning up fish skin is placed in treatment fluid, the fish skin after process drains
Carried out with Digestive Enzyme digesting defat, obtain the fish skin after defat；Described treatment fluid be 15-25 part acetic acid, 6-12 part sodium alginate,
4-9 part Methionine, 3-5 part yeast rich in selenium, 10-15 part citric acid, 1-5 part Fructose and 12-24 part malic acid are dissolved in 150-200 part
In deionized water；
B) fish skin after the defat obtaining step a) is placed in clear water and cleans 5-10 time, is dried under vacuum to water content below 15%,
According to solid-liquid ratio 1:10-15w/v, dried fish skin is put in extraction 5- in the slightly acidic water solution of temperature 55-75 DEG C after rubbing
10 times, each extraction time 2-5h, it is then combined with extracting solution；
C) in glass adsorption column, filling mass ratio is activated carbon, glass microballoon and the nanometer silver of 5:1:3, and step b) is obtained
Extracting solution is circulated chromatography with the flow velocity of 35-65ml/min, chromatography number of times 5-10 time, then with 12000-15000r/min from
Heart 2-4min, collects supernatant, adds mushroom extracting solution, filter, concentrate, be dried, obtain gold after stirring 4-8h in supernatant
Marlin skin gelatin.
2. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that faintly acid in step b)
Aqueous solution is after citric acid is mixed by weight 2:5 with acetic acid plus deionized water is configured to the aqueous solution of ph5.6-5.9.
3. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the granularity of activated carbon is
400 mesh, specific surface area 1450/g, the particle diameter of glass microballoon is 15-25 μm.
4. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that Digestive Enzyme in step a)
For alkaline lipase, the temperature of enzymolysis processing is 40-45 DEG C, and the temperature of enzyme denaturing is 85-90 DEG C, enzymolysis time 1-3h, Digestive Enzyme
Addition be fish skin quality 0.5-0.9%.
5. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the system of mushroom extracting solution
Preparation Method is as follows: adds the protease of edible fungi quality 0.2% after edible fungi is cleaned and crush, is then extracted, extraction time
3-4 hour, temperature 50 C, after extraction, 200 filter now, and filtering residue carries out second extraction, and second extraction is to add filter in filtering residue
The deionized water that 15 times of slag amount, extraction time 1-2 hour, 85 DEG C of temperature, it is concentrated into after the extracting solution obtaining twice is mixed
The 20% of total liquid volume, obtains mushroom extracting solution.
6. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that edible fungi is Fructus Pruni Bao
Mushroom, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia are combined with Tremella, and the mass ratio of Pleurotus eryngii, Antrodia Camphorata, Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., Auricularia and Tremella is 2:
3:2:7:1.
7. a kind of preparation method of tuna skin gelatin according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step b), extract
When using vibration of ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic power is 55-65kw.
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| CN106281048B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-06-05 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of low fishlike smell dog salmon fishskin gelatin |
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