CN105082282A - Method for improving dimensional stabilization of wood - Google Patents
Method for improving dimensional stabilization of wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN105082282A CN105082282A CN201510230647.8A CN201510230647A CN105082282A CN 105082282 A CN105082282 A CN 105082282A CN 201510230647 A CN201510230647 A CN 201510230647A CN 105082282 A CN105082282 A CN 105082282A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the dimensional stabilization of wood. The method comprises the steps of soaking wood in petroleum wax, carrying out soaking process on the wood and making wood absorbing petroleum wax to obtain wood with good dimensional stabilization. According to the method, wax injection process is carried out on the wood in the normal pressure condition, and the petroleum wax is injected into the wood on the premise without damaging performance of the wood. Thus, redundant moisture in the wood can be drained out. Meanwhile, pipe holes of the wood and gaps between cells can be sealed, and the purpose of improving the dimensional stabilization of the wood is achieved. Furthermore, the method is simple in equipment, convenient to operate, controllable in processing condition and suitable for processing various kinds of wood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Wood treatment method, particularly relate to a kind of method improving wood dimensional stability.
Background technology
Timber forms primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose molecule also exist a large amount of hydroxyls, wood internal moisture can be changed along with the change of environment temperature and humidity, and wood internal moisture can make timber generation expand with wet and contract with dry in desorb or moisture absorption process, make the uneven breathing with moisture content change of all directions of timber, the defects such as easy generation warpage, distortion, cracking, constrain the range of application of timber.Therefore, the efficiency utilization of dimensional stability to timber improving timber has great importance.
In order to improve wood dimensional stability, a lot of scholar carries out physical treatment or chemical treatment to timber, improves the dimensional stability of timber to a certain extent.The Chinese invention patent of notification number CN102431067B discloses a kind of pretreating process improving the normal pressure overheat steam of wood dimensional stability, by to entering material stack temperature, go out material stack temperature, the numerical value of reel temperature and the control of correlation, complete preprocessing process.But the problem that can not solve timber size instability at all that said method has, the health of chemical modifier to environment and people of introducing in chemical modification process had brings certain harm, is difficult to be esthetically acceptable to the consumers.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method that timber stability is provided for the technical problem existed in existing wood dimensional stability treatment process, the inventive method is under the prerequisite not damaging wood quality, neither reduce Wood mechanical property, can improve wood dimensional stability again, the bulking factor through the timber of the inventive method process significantly reduces.
In order to realize object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method improving wood dimensional stability, comprises and is immersed in pertroleum wax by timber, carries out casting immersion treatment to timber, and timber absorbs pertroleum wax.
Wherein, controlling soaking temperature in described casting immersion treatment process is 50-130 DEG C, is preferably 80-130 DEG C, more preferably 95-130 DEG C; Soak time is 4h-8h.
Particularly, one or more in paraffin, mixed crystal wax or microwax selected by described pertroleum wax.
Especially, described paraffin selection fusing point is the paraffin of 50-130 DEG C, is preferably 80-130 DEG C, more preferably 105 DEG C; The mixed crystal wax of 70-100 DEG C selected by described mixed crystal wax, is preferably 70-80 DEG C; Described microwax selects fusing point higher than the microwax of 90 DEG C, is preferably 95-100 DEG C.
Wherein, described timber selects greenwood or air-dired wood.
Particularly, described greenwood is the fresh timber of felling, and its moisture content is greater than 100%; Described air-dired wood is that greenwood is placed in atmospheric environment that natural drying is to the timber of water balance, and its moisture content is less than 18%, is preferably 7-13%.
Especially, described sheet material adopts sawing, rotary cutting mode is made, and is preferably sawing mode and makes.
Particularly, the timber such as red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak selected by described timber.
The present invention provides a kind of method improving wood dimensional stability to comprise the following steps on the other hand:
1) timber is made sheet material; 2) pertroleum wax is fused into liquid state; 3) sheet material is soaked in petroleum liquid wax, carries out casting immersion treatment; 4) take out sheet material, carry out dewaxing treatment, to obtain final product.
Wherein, step 1) described in timber select greenwood or air-dired wood.
Particularly, described greenwood is the fresh timber of felling, and its moisture content is greater than 100%; Described air-dired wood is that greenwood is placed in atmospheric environment that natural drying is to the timber of water balance, and its moisture content is less than 18%, is preferably 7-13%.
Especially, described sheet material adopts sawing, rotary cutting mode is made, and is preferably sawing mode and makes.
Particularly, the timber such as red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak selected by described timber.
Especially, the thickness (H) of described sheet material is 20-100mm, is preferably 20-60mm.
Wherein, step 2) described in pertroleum wax be to be present in oil at normal temperatures in solid or the mixture of semisolid hydrocarbon compound.
Particularly, the mixture at normal temperatures in solid or semisolid hydrocarbon compound that obtained by refining oil of described pertroleum wax.
Pertroleum wax is the product obtained by petroleum refining, and pertroleum wax is divided three classes: i.e. paraffin (paraffin wax), mixed crystal wax (intermediate wax) and microwax.The kind of pertroleum wax is different, and its fusing point is also variant; Pertroleum wax is the complicated hydrocarbon mixture of different relative molecular mass, and its phase transition process does not present stationary temperature, but the temperature range that existence one is narrower, its fusing point reflects the average fusing point of pertroleum wax hydrocarbon composition; According to the kind of the pertroleum wax selected, regulate the temperature in casting pond.
Particularly, one or more in paraffin, mixed crystal wax or microwax selected by described pertroleum wax.
Especially, described paraffin selection fusing point is the paraffin of 50-130 DEG C, is preferably 80-130 DEG C, more preferably 105 DEG C; The mixed crystal wax of 70-100 DEG C selected by described mixed crystal wax, is preferably 70-80 DEG C; Described microwax selects fusing point higher than the microwax of 90 DEG C, is preferably 95-100 DEG C.
Particularly, pertroleum wax fusing fully, is in a liquid state completely, ensures that timber contacts fully with liquid petroleum wax.
Especially, can according to the above-mentioned three class paraffin of different choice of quality requirement and seeds.
Wherein, step 3) described in control soaking temperature in casting immersion treatment process be 50-130 DEG C, be preferably 80-130 DEG C; More preferably 95-130 DEG C; Soak time is 4h-8h.
Casting container (casting pond) should be closed in casting immersion process, to maintain the melting range of the temperature in casting immersion process higher than pertroleum wax, namely ensure that timber casting process PetroChina Company Limited. wax is liquid, ensure that casting process is temperature required.
The casting immersion treatment time is different, and it is different that wood dimensional stability improves situation; The casting time is longer, and process material dimensional stability is better; In the casting later stage, process material dimensional stability tends towards stability.The casting time directly has influence on the dimensional stability of casting material.
Particularly, carry out in casting immersion treatment process at timber, it is inner that the sheet material be soaked in petroleum liquid wax need be fixed on liquid petroleum wax, sheet material is prevented to be moved under the buoyancy of liquid petroleum wax, due to buoyancy cause, cause sheet material not to be fully immersed in pertroleum wax, casting is uneven.
Especially, for timber, the density of pertroleum wax is larger, and the buoyancy that timber is subject to is larger, more easily occurs the situation of movement.
Particularly, before immersion treatment, also comprise step 3A), sheet material is piled up into timber heap, namely according to any one timber stacking form piling disclosed in drying of wood field.Any method of timber stacking and pile up into any type of timber heap and all can be applicable to the present invention, timber stacking method is open in various document or textbook.
Especially, sheet material is connect along length direction one deck of soaking container the material that one deck level piles up the side's of growthing bodily form and piles, be placed with parting bead between every layer, parting bead thickness is 30 ± 5mm, wide 30 ± 5mm.
Between every layer of timber, parting bead is set, between every layer of juggle, forms passage, be beneficial to the flowing of liquid petroleum wax, timber is fully contacted with pertroleum wax, be beneficial to the casting process of timber.
Particularly, described parting bead adopts air-dired wood to make;
Especially, the length direction of parting bead and sheet material is perpendicular.
Particularly, the distance≤100mm of two end faces in parting bead distance panel length direction.
Especially, thickness is the sheet material (i.e. 20≤H<50mm) of 20-50mm, and the space D in each bar of same layer between adjacent two parting beads is 100≤D<400mm; The sheet material (i.e. H >=50mm) of more than thickness 50mm, the space D in each bar of same layer between adjacent two parting beads is 400mm≤D≤500mm.
Especially, between every laminate material of material heap, parting bead is set, between every layer of wood plank, forms passage, be beneficial to the flowing of liquid petroleum wax, timber is fully contacted with pertroleum wax, be beneficial to the casting process of timber.
Wherein, step 4) described in dewaxing treatment be the pertroleum wax removing plate surface, under being placed in the condition identical with casting immersion treatment temperature by the sheet material after casting immersion treatment, the pertroleum wax of plate surface departs from wood surface under gravity, removing plate surface residual paraffin; That is after being separated with pertroleum wax by the sheet material after casting immersion treatment, under being still placed in the condition identical with casting immersion treatment temperature, the pertroleum wax of plate surface departs from wood surface under gravity, removing plate surface residual paraffin.
Particularly, in described dewaxing treatment process, temperature is 50-130 DEG C, is preferably 80-130 DEG C, more preferably 95-130 DEG C; The dewaxing time is 1-4h, is preferably 1-2h.
After sheet material casting immersion treatment, because wood surface absorption, residual paraffin oil easily affect sense of touch and the following process of timber, therefore need the pertroleum wax removing plate surface remnants.
The advantage applies of the inventive method is in the following aspects:
1. the present invention is under the prerequisite not damaging this province of timber performance, oozes pertroleum wax into wood internal, thus is discharged by unnecessary moisture, fill simultaneously and close the pore of timber and intercellular gap, improves wood dimensional stability.
2. homogeneous heating in the casting immersion process of raising timber stability of the present invention, temperature control flexibly, accurately, pertroleum wax is in the liquid condition of homogeneous all the time, can make abundant, the uniform contact of timber and pertroleum wax, can ensure that again pertroleum wax is smooth and easy and enter wood internal.
3. the inventive method is in immersion treatment process, and soaking container is closed, and ensures to carry out casting process in confined conditions, decreases the volatilization of processing procedure Raw, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
4. the inventive method adopts the higher pertroleum wax of purity, and good penetrability, processing time are short.
5. the furniture surface good heat resistance that the casting sheet material that prepared by the inventive method is made.
6. the moisture content of casting sheet material that prepared by the inventive method declines, and mechanical strength increases.
7. the casting sheet material that prepared by the inventive method does not affect its polishing and processing and making process, and paint colorability and the gummed power of the rear timber of process are also significantly increased.
Detailed description of the invention
Further describing advantage and disadvantage of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment will be more clear along with description.But these embodiments are only exemplary, do not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Timber handled in the embodiment of the present invention adopt red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak air-dired wood (except air-dired wood, greenwood is also applicable to the present invention), wherein, red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak all derive from Guangdong federal corporate, wherein:
The average air-dry density 0.597g/cm3 of red birch, average just moisture content is 12%; The average air-dry density 0.630g/cm3 of linden, average just moisture content is 11%; The average air-dry density 0.791g/cm3 of beech, average just moisture content is 13%; The average air-dry density 0.472g/cm3 of Chinese catalpa wood, average just moisture content is 7%; The average air-dry density 0.592g/cm3 of Mahogany, average just moisture content is 11%; The average air-dry density 0.601g/cm3 of teak, average just moisture content is 8%.
Red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak are made the wooden unit sample that size is respectively 3000-5000mm (length) × 200-400mm (width) × 20-100mm (thickness direction), according to standard GB/T 1928-91 sawing; The embodiment of the present invention is of a size of 4000mm (length) × 300mm (width) × 100mm (thickness direction) for red birch, linden, beech, Chinese catalpa wood, Mahogany, teak sheet material, be described, other board dimensions are that 3000-5000mm (length) × 200-400mm (width) × 20-100mm (thickness direction) is all applicable to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Below with red birch be examination material, microwax (fusing point is 95 DEG C) illustrates (except microwax, other paraffin, mixed crystal wax all can be used as casting reagent) course of work of the present invention for casting reagent.
1) sheet material piling
Get sawing growth 4000mm, wide 300mm, the red birch lumber of thick 100mm is according to any one timber stacking form piling disclosed in drying of wood field.Be 30mm with thickness, width is the parting bead of 30mm, carries out piling to timber, and the distance of two end faces in parting bead distance panel length direction is 50mm; Between same parting bead layer, the spacing between adjacent two parting beads is 450mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, parting bead selects thickness to be 30mm, and width is the parting bead of 30mm is that example is described, and other sizes are 30 ± 5mm at thickness, and width is that the parting bead of 30 ± 5mm is also applicable to the present invention.
2) casting immersion treatment
2-1) microwax is placed in infusion chamber (i.e. casting pond), heat temperature raising also keeps temperature to be 110 DEG C, and microwax is fused into liquid state gradually;
2-2) become the red birch lumber of buttress to put into casting pond code, make material pile in the microwax being immersed in being melted into liquid state completely, keep temperature to be under the condition of 110 DEG C, the feeding cover in casting pond is built closed, carries out casting immersion treatment.
3) dewaxing treatment
After soaking 4h, discharge the pertroleum wax in casting pond, keep casting pond temperature to be that under 110 DEG C of constant conditions, the wax liquid of wood surface remnants drops in casting pond under gravity, remove the pertroleum wax of plate surface, namely, under the temperature conditions of 110 DEG C, the Residual petroleum wax of plate surface attachment comes off, and carries out dewaxing treatment, after dewaxing treatment 1h, casting material surface remains without obvious wax liquid, and dewaxing terminates, and makes the casting sheet material that dimensional stability of the present invention is high.
Embodiment 2
Except step 2-2) in the immersion treatment time be 8h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 2h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Except linden gas dry plate material selected by timber, the fusing point of microwax is 100 DEG C; In casting immersion treatment process, soaking temperature is 125 DEG C, and the immersion treatment time is 4h; Keep temperature to be 125 DEG C in dewaxing treatment process, the dewaxing time is outside 2h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Except in casting immersion treatment process, soak time is 8h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 4h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5
With beech be below examination material, mixed crystal wax (fusing point is 70 DEG C) for casting reagent be that example illustrates the course of work of the present invention.
1) sheet material piling
Get sawing growth 4000mm, wide 300mm, the beech sheet material of thick 100mm is according to any one timber stacking form piling disclosed in drying of wood field.Be 30mm with thickness, width is the parting bead of 30mm, carries out piling to timber, and the distance of two end faces in parting bead distance panel length direction is 50mm; Between same parting bead layer, the spacing between adjacent two parting beads is 450mm.
2) casting immersion treatment
2-1) mixed crystal wax is placed in infusion chamber (i.e. casting pond), heat temperature raising also keeps temperature to be 95 DEG C, and mixed crystal wax is fused into liquid state gradually;
2-2) become the red birch lumber of buttress to put into casting pond code, make material pile in the mixed crystal wax being immersed in being melted into liquid state completely, keep temperature to be under the condition of 95 DEG C, the feeding cover in casting pond is built closed, carries out casting immersion treatment.
3) dewaxing treatment
After soaking 4h, under keeping casting pond temperature to be 95 DEG C of constant conditions, discharge the pertroleum wax in casting pond, the wax liquid of wood surface remnants drops in casting pond under gravity, remove the pertroleum wax of plate surface, namely, under the temperature conditions of 95 DEG C, the Residual petroleum wax of plate surface attachment comes off, and carries out dewaxing treatment, after dewaxing treatment 1h, casting material surface remains without obvious wax liquid, and dewaxing terminates, and makes the casting sheet material that dimensional stability of the present invention is high.
Embodiment 6
Except step 2-2) in the immersion treatment time be 8h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 4h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 5.
Embodiment 7
Except linden gas dry plate material selected by timber, the fusing point of mixed crystal wax is 80 DEG C; In casting immersion treatment process, soaking temperature is 105 DEG C, and the immersion treatment time is 4h; Keep temperature to be outside 105 DEG C in dewaxing treatment process, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
Except in casting immersion treatment process, soak time is 8h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 2h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 7.
Embodiment 9
Except mahogany gas dry plate material selected by timber, casting reagent selects soaking temperature in SX105 paraffin (fusing point is 105 DEG C) casting immersion treatment process to be 130 DEG C, and the immersion treatment time is 8h; Keep temperature to be 130 DEG C in dewaxing treatment process, the dewaxing time is outside 2h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10
Except in casting immersion treatment process, soak time is 6h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 1h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 9.
Embodiment 11
Except teak gas dry plate material selected by timber, casting reagent selects 95
#in paraffin (fusing point is 95 DEG C) casting immersion treatment process, soaking temperature is 120 DEG C, and the immersion treatment time is 4h; Keep temperature to be 120 DEG C in dewaxing treatment process, the dewaxing time is outside 1h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12
Except in casting immersion treatment process, soak time is 8h, the dewaxing treatment time is outside 4h, and all the other are identical with embodiment 11.
Reference examples 1
With the example 1 in contrast of the red birch without casting immersion treatment.
Reference examples 2
With the example 2 in contrast of the linden without casting immersion treatment.
Reference examples 3
With the example 3 in contrast of the beech without casting immersion treatment.
Reference examples 4
With the Chinese catalpa carpentery workshop without casting immersion treatment for reference examples 4.
Reference examples 5
With the example 5 in contrast of the Mahogany without casting immersion treatment.
Reference examples 6
With the example 6 in contrast of the teak without casting immersion treatment.
Test example 1 Wood mechanical property is tested
According to the method for GB/T1936.1-2009 " Method of testing in bending strength of wood " measure embodiment 1-12 prepare the timber of casting timber and reference examples 1-6 Deflection Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), to measure the bending strength (MOR) that embodiment 1-2 prepares the timber of casting timber and reference examples 1-6 according to standard GB/T 1936.2-2009 " Method for determination of the modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood ", testing result is in table 1.
Table 1 mechanics properties testing result
| Deflection Modulus of Elasticity/MPa | Bending strength/MPa | |
| Embodiment 1 | 10929.988 | 125.802 |
| Embodiment 2 | 10776.969 | 126.180 |
| Reference examples 1 | 10591.074 | 90.712 |
| Embodiment 3 | 12335.942 | 85.024 |
| Embodiment 4 | 11891.849 | 106.815 |
| Reference examples 2 | 11081.515 | 84.908 |
| Embodiment 5 | 14773.287 | 132.640 |
| Embodiment 6 | 17298.931 | 147.871 |
| Reference examples 3 | 12356.379 | 127.585 |
| Embodiment 7 | 8763.541 | 71.788 |
| Embodiment 8 | 9668.377 | 74.121 |
| Reference examples 4 | 7943.387 | 69.529 |
| Embodiment 9 | 8440.465 | 77.554 |
| Embodiment 10 | 11141.415 | 85.225 |
| Reference examples 5 | 8825.985 | 68.647 |
| Embodiment 11 | 10102.810 | 103.264 |
| Embodiment 12 | 12224.401 | 107.373 |
| Reference examples 6 | 10002.783 | 96.635 |
Testing result shows:
The wood modulus of elasticity crossed through pertroleum wax immersion treatment, bending strength all increase, namely to carry out the mechanical property of pertroleum wax immersion treatment timber higher than the mechanical property of the timber not carrying out pertroleum wax immersion treatment in the present invention, therefore, the mechanical property of improved wood that prepared by the inventive method have also been obtained improvement.
Test example 2 wood dimensional stability is tested
One, wood shrinkage test
According to standard GB/T/T1934.2-2009 " Method for determination of the swelling of wood " measure timber that embodiment 1-12 prepares paraffin timber timber and reference examples 1-6 from absolutely dry stablize to moisture absorption time bulking factor.The computing formula of bulking factor is as follows:
α
max＝(L
max–L
0)/L
0×100
In formula: α
max---when sample moisture absorption is to dimensionally stable, radial or tangential line bulking factor, %;
L
max---when sample moisture absorption is to dimensionally stable, radial or tangential size, mm;
L
0---when sample is absolutely dry, radial or tangential size, mm.
The testing result of bulking factor is as shown in table 2:
The testing result of table 2 bulking factor
Casting timber prepared by embodiment 1-12 is as shown in table 3 relative to the bulking factor reduced rate not soaking the material of casting process accordingly.
The more corresponding untreated material bulking factor reduced rate of casting material prepared by the table 3 different immersion treatment time
Result of the test shows:
1, the dimensional stability of the timber of the inventive method process is significantly improved, and relative to untreated material, the percentage that radial, tangential, volume bulking factor reduces is remarkable; 4h casting process material is improved significantly relative to its dimensional stability of untreated material, and 8h process material dimensional stability improves further.
2, the bulking factor of pertroleum wax immersing wood prepared of the inventive method is low, and ability that moisture-resistant is swollen increases, and radial bulking factor is 0.20-1.59%; Tangential bulking factor is 0.23-2.19%, and the radial direction of improved wood prepared by the inventive method, tangential bulking factor are far smaller than the radial direction of material, tangential bulking factor respectively.
3, adopt the timber of the inventive method process effectively can improve wood dimensional stability, expand the range of application of timber further, significant to the efficiency utilization of timber.
Claims (10)
1. improve a method for wood dimensional stability, it is characterized in that, comprise and be immersed in pertroleum wax by timber, carry out casting immersion treatment to timber, timber absorbs pertroleum wax.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described immersion treatment process, soaking temperature is 50-130 DEG C.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described immersion treatment process, soak time is 4-8h.
4. improve a method for wood dimensional stability, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) timber is made sheet material; 2) pertroleum wax is fused into liquid state; 3) sheet material is soaked in petroleum liquid wax, carries out casting immersion treatment; 4) take out sheet material, carry out dewaxing treatment, to obtain final product.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 2) described in pertroleum wax select in paraffin, mixed crystal wax or microwax one or more.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 3) described in the temperature of casting immersion treatment be 50-130 DEG C.
7. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 3) described in casting soak time be 4-8h.
8. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 4) described in dewaxing treatment process temperature be 50-130 DEG C.
9. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 4) described in time of dewaxing treatment be 1-4h.
10. a timber for dimensionally stable, is characterized in that being prepared from according to method as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-9.
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