CN105070840A - Method for improving fullerene-based organic solar cell performance - Google Patents

Method for improving fullerene-based organic solar cell performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105070840A
CN105070840A CN201510408984.1A CN201510408984A CN105070840A CN 105070840 A CN105070840 A CN 105070840A CN 201510408984 A CN201510408984 A CN 201510408984A CN 105070840 A CN105070840 A CN 105070840A
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active layer
organic solar
solar batteries
fullerene
layer
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黄维
宋国鑫
曾文进
苑春秋
莫申斌
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving fullerene-based organic solar cell performance, and belongs to the technical field of an organic optoelectronic device. In the preparation process of an organic solar cell, an active layer based on a fullerene polymer generates a lot of crystallization, and then performance of the organic solar cell is inhabited. A coherent effect of ultraviolet light and thermal annealing is adopted, and then morphology of the fullerene-based organic solar cell active layer is adjusted and controlled, so crystallization of the active layer is less, transmission efficiency and the mobility ratio of charge carriers are improved, the performance of the organic solar cell is improved then, and, especially, the photoelectric energy conversion efficiency is improved. The method has the advantages of simple technology and low cost, large-scale production is easy to achieve, the method can be applied to various substrates and, can be applied to, for example, a flexible organic solar cell based on a PET substrate, and the method can be widely applied to a production field of organic solar cells.

Description

A kind of method improved based on the organic solar batteries performance of fullerene
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of raising based on the organic solar batteries performance of fullerene, belong to organic optoelectronic device technical field.
Background technology
Energy problem has been the common topic paid close attention in the whole world at present, and each state all puts forth effort on the exploitation of clean energy resource.Solar cell utilizes the more practicable method of solar radiant energy, and along with the reduction of solar cell cost, it plays increasing effect in the life of people.
The solar cell of monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon and amorphous silicon series is current most widely used solar cell, but they exist several shortcoming.Compared to above-mentioned inorganic solar cell, organic solar batteries have material source extensively, manufacture craft more simple and flexibly, can not produce in production process noxious substance, can at significant advantages such as processing on flexible or inflexibility substrate, translucent and color are optional.These features make organic solar batteries have vast potential for future development.
Organic solar batteries has the highest theoretical conversion efficiencies identical with inorganic silicon photovoltaic cell.From nineteen ninety-five California, USA university A.J.Heeger team reported first pass the different heterojunction type thin film solar cell of network mutually based on conjugated polymer/fullerene and derivative thereof since, through the research of more than two decades, polymer solar battery has been made significant headway in material system design and device architecture optimization etc., the efficiency of device breaks through 10.6%, the practicality index of Step wise approximation 15% up till now from 1% of initial report.At present, the principal element of restriction organic solar batteries energy conversion efficiency be that the spectral response range of battery is not mated with sunlight terrestrial surface radiation spectrum, the mobility of charge carrier is not high and its collection efficiency of electrode pair low etc., and the oxidation of material and reduction cause device unstable, recrystallization and variations in temperature result in the aging of device, and the problem of each aspect proposes very large challenge to researcher.In organic material synthesis and device architecture, researcher has done large quantifier elimination, and substantially complete.Present research emphasis in the improvement of technology, particularly to the regulation and control of active layer pattern.
Effective microfacies regulation and control of active layer film morphology structure can be realized by the treatment process of device, promote the whole synthesis performance of polymer solar battery.At present relatively more conventional treatment process comprises solvent annealing, additive agent modified and thermal annealing etc.But all there are some defects in them.Additive agent modified shortcoming is that higher boiling point additive easily remains and causes J-V curve to become S shape, affects fill factor, curve factor and the efficiency of device.The shortcoming of solvent annealing is that annealing time is long, and treatment effeciency is low, and inapplicable for the process of broad area device.Thermal annealing time and temperature must be suitable for just making battery reach optimum performance, and long or too high all can the making of temperature of annealing time is greater than exciton diffusion length to the domain size of body and acceptor material, causes exciton to lose in a large number, can reduce battery efficiency on the contrary.For the high transparency flexible substrate of lower glass transition temperatures, thermal annealing may cause the destruction of substrate and inapplicable.
Totally it seems, in the active layer Morphological control of organic solar batteries, still lack a kind of production technology at present easy, and the treatment technology of the high transparency flexible substrate of lower glass transition temperatures can be used for.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is: for the deficiency of current organic solar batteries device treatment process technology, propose a kind of active layer surface of the UV ultraviolet source of appropriate time to the organic solar batteries based on fullerene that adopt and carry out treatment with irradiation, improve a kind of raising of getting a promotion based on the performance, particularly photoelectric conversion efficiency of the organic solar batteries of fullerene method based on the organic solar batteries performance of fullerene.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: a kind of active layer improved based on the organic solar batteries described in the method for the organic solar batteries performance of fullerene is containing the polymer based on fullerene, in the process preparing organic solar batteries, use UV-irradiation process active layer.
Preferably, described active layer be based on the polymer of fullerene and conjugated polymer blended, the acceptor material of active layer is the polymer based on fullerene, and donor material is conjugated polymer.
Preferably, the structure of described organic solar batteries is bulk heteroj unction structure.
Preferably, described ultraviolet light is UVA light or UVB light.
Preferably, the structure preparation order of described organic solar batteries comprises anode, hole transmission layer, active layer, electron transfer layer, negative electrode; The preparation method of described active layer is as follows: at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, spin coating conjugated polymer and fullerene polymer blend solution above hole transmission layer, form active layer, at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, use ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer, after ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer.
Preferably, the method for described spin coating active layer is spin-coating method, knife coating, spraying process or print process.
Step one: select the clear glass being coated with tin indium oxide ITO electrode as anode layer, ITO is etched, and ito glass substrate is cleaned up;
Step 2: the preparation of hole transmission layer: poly-[3.4-ethylenedioxy thiophene] (PEDOT) of spin coating 40-50nm on clean ito glass: poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) forms hole transmission layer, after leaving standstill a period of time, thermal anneal process is carried out to it;
Step 3: the preparation of active layer: at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P of spin coating 100 ~ 150nm above hole transmission layer 3hT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) solution, active layer is formed, at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, use UVA or UVB ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer, after ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer;
Step 4: the preparation of electron transfer layer: use lithium fluoride (LiF) that vapour deposition instrument evaporation thickness is 0.8nm as electron transfer layer on active layer, the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa;
Step 5: the preparation of cathode electrode: use on the electron transport layer meteorological precipitation instrument evaporation thickness be the aluminium (Al) of 120 ~ 150nm as negative electrode, the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts the UV illumination of appropriate time to penetrate organic solar batteries active layer, make the fullerene in active layer that photic oligomerisation reaction occur, inhibit the generation of partially crystallizable, improve efficiency of transmission and the mobility of electric charge carrier, thus make the performance boost of organic solar batteries, particularly photoelectric conversion efficiency is highly improved.Present invention process is simple, and cost is low, is easy to realize large-scale production, and may be used for various substrate, such as based on the flexible organic solar batteries of PET base, the method can be widely applied to the production field of organic solar batteries.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Be described further of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the main working process figure that the present invention prepares organic solar batteries.
Fig. 2 is the device architecture schematic diagram of organic solar batteries of the present invention.
Fig. 3 uses UVA ultraviolet source process active layer to be the variation diagram of the energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) with light energy.
Fig. 4 uses UVB ultraviolet source process active layer to be the variation diagram of the energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) with light energy.
Fig. 5 uses UVA ultraviolet source process active layer to be the variation diagram of the energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) with light energy.
Fig. 6 uses UVB ultraviolet source process active layer to be the variation diagram of the energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) with light energy.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the main working process figure preparing organic solar batteries, wherein (1) is device spin coating active layer on spin coating instrument, (2) be the active layer using UV-irradiation device in a nitrogen environment, (3) be the thermal anneal process of active layer, (4) are evaporation electron transfer layer and negative electrode.
Fig. 2 is the device architecture schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and example 2 organic solar batteries, wherein (5) are anode, and (6) are hole transmission layer, and (7) are active layer, (8) be electron transfer layer, (9) are negative electrode.
This enforcement employing standard organic solar batteries preparation method, comprises the steps:
1, select the clear glass being coated with ITO electrode as anode layer (5), ITO is etched, and ito glass substrate is cleaned up.
2, the preparation of hole transmission layer: poly-[3.4-ethylenedioxy thiophene] (PEDOT) of spin coating 40-50nm on clean ito glass: poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) forms hole transmission layer (6).After leaving standstill a period of time, carry out thermal anneal process to it, temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1 hour.
3, the preparation of active layer: at glove box (nitrogen, except water environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) blend solution, forms active layer (7).In glove box (nitrogen, except water environment), use UVA ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer (7) that wavelength is 365nm, the photo-irradiation treatment time is respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes.After ultraviolet lighting process, carry out thermal anneal process to active layer (7), temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 15 minutes.Device energy conversion efficiency as shown in Figure 3 corresponding to the above treatment with ultraviolet light time.
4, the preparation of electron transfer layer: the lithium fluoride (LiF) that use vapour deposition instrument evaporation thickness is 0.8nm on active layer (7) is as electron transfer layer 8, and the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa.
5, the preparation of cathode electrode: the aluminium (Al) that use meteorological precipitation instrument evaporation thickness is 120-150nm on electron transfer layer (8) is as negative electrode (9), and the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa.
Embodiment 2
Adopt UVB UV-irradiation process organic solar batteries active layer.
Preparation method is except step 3 difference, and its preparation process of its each layer is identical with embodiment 1.The preparation of the active layer in embodiment 2: at glove box (nitrogen, water-less environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) blend solution, forms active layer (7).In glove box (nitrogen, except water environment), use UVB ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer (7) that wavelength is 365nm, the photo-irradiation treatment time is respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes.After ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer (7).Device energy conversion efficiency as shown in Figure 4 corresponding to the above treatment with ultraviolet light time.
Embodiment 3
Below by the comparative example of the active layer after UV-irradiation process organic solar batteries active layer and without ultraviolet lighting process, describe preparation method of the present invention and technical advantage in detail.
Preparation method is except step 3 difference, and its preparation process of its each layer is identical with embodiment 1.The preparation of the active layer in embodiment 3: at glove box (nitrogen, water-less environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) blend solution, forms active layer (7).Carry out thermal anneal process to active layer (7), temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 15 minutes.Finally obtain the organic solar batteries without ultraviolet lighting process of example 3.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment adopts poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) blend as organic solar batteries active layer.Use UVA UV-irradiation process organic solar batteries active layer.
Preparation method is except step 3 difference, and its preparation process of its each layer is identical with embodiment 1.The preparation of the active layer in embodiment 4: at glove box (nitrogen, water-less environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) solution, forms active layer (7).In glove box (nitrogen, except water environment), use UVA ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer (7) that wavelength is 365nm, the photo-irradiation treatment time is respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes.After ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer (7).Device energy conversion efficiency as shown in Figure 5 corresponding to the above treatment with ultraviolet light time.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment adopts poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) blend as organic solar batteries active layer.Use UVB UV-irradiation process organic solar batteries active layer.
Preparation method is except step 3 difference, and its preparation process of its each layer is identical with embodiment 1.The preparation of the active layer in embodiment 5: at glove box (nitrogen, water-less environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) blend solution, forms active layer (7).In glove box (nitrogen, except water environment), use UVB ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer (7) that wavelength is 365nm, the photo-irradiation treatment time is respectively 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes.After ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer (7).Device energy conversion efficiency as shown in Figure 6 corresponding to the above treatment with ultraviolet light time.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment adopts poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) blend as organic solar batteries active layer.Do not use UV-irradiation process organic solar batteries active layer.
Preparation method is except step 3 difference, and its preparation process of its each layer is identical with embodiment 1.The preparation of the active layer in embodiment 5: at glove box (nitrogen, water-less environment) in, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6 of spin coating 100-150nm on hole transmission layer (6), 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) blend solution, forms active layer (7).Carry out thermal anneal process to active layer (7), temperature is 120 DEG C, and the time is 15 minutes.Finally obtain the organic solar batteries without ultraviolet lighting process of example 5.
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 1 uses UVA ultraviolet source (wavelength is 365nm) to process active layer for poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6, energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) is with the variation diagram of light energy, and Fig. 3 is containing the energy conversion efficiency of example 2 without the organic solar batteries for the treatment of with ultraviolet light (light energy is 0).
Fig. 4 is that embodiment 2 uses UVB ultraviolet source process active layer for poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6, energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of 6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) is with the variation diagram of light energy, and Fig. 4 is containing the energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 2 without the organic solar batteries for the treatment of with ultraviolet light (light energy is 0).
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 4 uses UVA ultraviolet source process active layer for poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6, energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of 6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) is with the variation diagram of light energy, and Fig. 5 is containing the energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 6 without the organic solar batteries for the treatment of with ultraviolet light (light energy is 0)
Fig. 6 is that embodiment 5 uses UVB ultraviolet source process active layer for poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P3HT) and [6, energy conversion efficiency after the organic solar batteries of 6]-Ben Ji – C71-methyl butyrate (PC71BM) is with the variation diagram of light energy, and Fig. 6 is containing the energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 6 without the organic solar batteries for the treatment of with ultraviolet light (light energy is 0)
Contrast experiment: the energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 1 and the organic solar batteries prepared by embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 3; The energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 3 and the organic solar batteries prepared by embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 4; The energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 4 and the organic solar batteries prepared by embodiment 6 as shown in Figure 5; The energy conversion efficiency of embodiment 5 and the organic solar batteries prepared by embodiment 6 as shown in Figure 6.With the active layer of suitable ultraviolet lighting time-triggered protocol organic solar batteries, the performance of device has the lifting of nearly 30% compared with the performance of the device without ultraviolet lighting process.
The concrete technical scheme be not limited to described in above-described embodiment of the present invention, all employings are equal to replaces the protection range that the technical scheme formed is application claims.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is improved the method based on the organic solar batteries performance of fullerene, it is characterized in that: the active layer of described organic solar batteries is containing the polymer based on fullerene, in the process preparing organic solar batteries, use UV-irradiation process active layer.
2. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described active layer be based on the polymer of fullerene and conjugated polymer blended, the acceptor material of active layer is the polymer based on fullerene, and donor material is conjugated polymer.
3. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structure of described organic solar batteries is bulk heteroj unction structure.
4. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ultraviolet light is UVA light or UVB light.
5. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structure preparation order of described organic solar batteries comprises anode, hole transmission layer, active layer, electron transfer layer, negative electrode; The preparation method of described active layer is as follows: at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, spin coating conjugated polymer and fullerene polymer blend solution above hole transmission layer, form active layer, at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, use ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer, after ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer.
6. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the method for described spin coating active layer is spin-coating method, knife coating, spraying process or print process.
7. improve the method for the organic solar batteries performance based on fullerene according to claim 5, comprise the following steps:
Step one: select the clear glass being coated with tin indium oxide ITO electrode as anode layer, ITO is etched, and ito glass substrate is cleaned up;
Step 2: the preparation of hole transmission layer: poly-[3.4-ethylenedioxy thiophene] (PEDOT) of spin coating 40-50nm on clean ito glass: poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) forms hole transmission layer, after leaving standstill a period of time, thermal anneal process is carried out to it;
Step 3: the preparation of active layer: at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, the poly-3-hexyl thiophene (P of spin coating 100 ~ 150nm above hole transmission layer 3hT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PC61BM) solution, active layer is formed, at nitrogen, in the glove box dewatered, use UVA or UVB ultraviolet source irradiation process active layer, after ultraviolet lighting process, thermal anneal process is carried out to active layer;
Step 4: the preparation of electron transfer layer: use lithium fluoride (LiF) that vapour deposition instrument evaporation thickness is 0.8nm as electron transfer layer on active layer, the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa;
Step 5: the preparation of cathode electrode: use on the electron transport layer meteorological precipitation instrument evaporation thickness be the aluminium (Al) of 120 ~ 150nm as negative electrode, the air pressure environment of its evaporation is less than 4 × 10 -4pa.
CN201510408984.1A 2015-07-13 2015-07-13 Method for improving fullerene-based organic solar cell performance Pending CN105070840A (en)

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CN108346743A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-07-31 山东大学 A kind of organic solar energy cell structure and preparation method thereof based on dimethacrylate monomer
CN109609122A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-04-12 苏州大学 A kind of preparation method of the flexible photovoltaic devices of induction perovskite crystal stretch-proof bending

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108346743A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-07-31 山东大学 A kind of organic solar energy cell structure and preparation method thereof based on dimethacrylate monomer
CN109609122A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-04-12 苏州大学 A kind of preparation method of the flexible photovoltaic devices of induction perovskite crystal stretch-proof bending
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