CN101877386A - Universal solar battery based on mesoscopic optical structure - Google Patents
Universal solar battery based on mesoscopic optical structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN101877386A CN101877386A CN 201010219023 CN201010219023A CN101877386A CN 101877386 A CN101877386 A CN 101877386A CN 201010219023 CN201010219023 CN 201010219023 CN 201010219023 A CN201010219023 A CN 201010219023A CN 101877386 A CN101877386 A CN 101877386A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a universal solar battery based on a mesoscopic optical structure. The universal solar battery is an exciton type solar battery and comprises a substrate, an anode, an optical active layer and a cathode, wherein the anode, the optical active layer and the cathode are positioned on the surface of one side of the substrate; the substrate and the anode are transparent; and the surface of the other side of the substrate has a mesoscopic optical structure. The invention forms the mesoscopic optical structure by roughening the substrate of the solar battery and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery in various incident light angles, thereby realizing the universal solar battery without externally connecting a following device for tracking sunlight.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar cell (solar cell, SC) field, particularly a kind of exciton type solar cell of realizing the universal solar battery function and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Solar cell is the device that directly luminous energy is changed into electric energy by photoelectric effect or Photochemical effects, is called photovoltaic cell again.Solar cell can be divided into non-exciton type (as inorganic silicon-based solar cell etc.) and two kinds on exciton type (as organic solar cell) according to whether forming exciton.Wherein exciton type solar cell have make simple, the preparation process temperature is low, cheap, can make advantage such as large area flexible device.The Tang of Kodak research department has reported first PV (photovoltaic) heterojunction exciton type solar cell (C.W.Tang, " Two-layer organicphotovoltaic cell ", Appl.Phys.Lett.1986,48,183).The basic structure of exciton type solar cell comprises anode, photoactive layer (photoactive layer) and negative electrode.Exciton type solar cell becomes electric energy can be divided into three main processes transform light energy: the photon generation electron hole pair that (1) photoactive layer absorbs certain energy is exciton (exciton); (2) exciton under extra electric field or (heterojunction) at the interface of different material be separated into photo-generated carrier (electronics and hole) freely; (3) photo-generated carrier is collected by the two poles of the earth of solar cell, and connecting external circuit promptly has electric current to pass through.
Exciton type solar cell can be divided into organic molecule, polymer and DSSC again at present.The organic molecule solar cell generally adopts vacuum evaporation technology, and polymer solar battery generally adopts spin coating or inkjet technology to make.Wherein polymer solar battery is because its simple manufacturing technology, can prepare cheap broad area device and the most attractive.Generally fullerene (electron acceptor, transmission electronic) derivative and the conjugated polymer (electron donor, transporting holes) with solubility mixes the formation photoactive layer.DSSC adopts nanocrystalline TiO
2The separative efficiency of enhancing exciton and extinction separate with transmission, thereby improve energy conversion efficiency.
The parameter that characterizes solar cell properties mainly contains short-circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, curve factor, photoelectric conversion efficiency.The operating current of the unit light-receiving area of solar cell under short circuit condition is called short-circuit current density (J
Sc), the voltage of battery output this moment is zero; The output voltage of solar cell under open-circuit condition is called open circuit voltage (V
Oc), the electric current of battery output this moment is zero; Fill factor, curve factor (FF) is the peak power output P of unit light-receiving area
MaxWith J
ScV
OcRatio, FF is big more, Solar cell performance is good more; Photoelectric conversion efficiency is the peak power output P of unit light-receiving area
MaxSolar energy metric density P with incident
InPercentage, it is an important output characteristic of solar cell, and is main relevant with characteristic, material character and the environment etc. of device architecture, knot.
The energy level that is used as the electron donor of photoactive layer and electron acceptor material needs coupling, so that electronics, hole better are transferred to two electrodes.Document " Gang Li; Vishal Shrotriya; Jinsong Huang; et al.NATURE MATERIALS; 2005; 4,864 " report with P3HT/PCBM as active layer (active layer); P3HT and PCBM are dissolved in the o-dichlorohenzene according to the mixed of 1: 1 or 1: 0.8 usually; be spin-coated on then on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS; ITO/PEDOT:PSS is coated on the glass substrate successively, and the structure of device is glass substrate/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al, this also is the structure of present modal polymer solar battery.Document " Brian O ' Regan, Michael
, Nature, 1991,353,737 " and reported for the first time DSSC; Reported in the document " B.Ratier, W.Hojeij, B.Lucas and A.Moliton, Eur.Phys.J., Appl.Phys.2006,36,289 " with CuPc as electron donor, C60 organic molecule solar cell as electron acceptor.The substrate that these exciton type solar cells are adopted all is smooth transparent glass.
Solar cell will change sunlight into electric energy, for bigger photoelectric conversion rate was all arranged in the middle of one day, can adopt one to follow the servomechanism (" artificial sunflower ") that the sun moves towards rotation, driving solar panel towards the strongest direction of sunlight, sunlight is impinged perpendicularly on the solar panel, this hunting gear is a more complicated, generally by the single-chip microcomputer controlling of sampling, turn to the tracking sunlight by the driven by motor cell panel.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of exciton type solar cell, this solar cell does not need the servomechanism of external complexity to follow the tracks of sunlight, in the raising that can be implemented in solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency under the various incident angle of light under the situation of fixed-site.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of exciton type solar cell comprises substrate and is positioned at anode, photoactive layer and negative electrode on substrate one side surface that wherein said substrate and anode are transparent, have mesoscopic optical structure on the opposite side surface of substrate.
So-called " be situated between and see ((mesoscopic)) " is meant yardstick that the field between both macro and micro, mesoscopic optical structure the be meant micro-structural optical texture of (i.e. 250 nanometers～2.5 micron) in the sunlight wavelength magnitude.
Exciton type solar cell of the present invention can be organic molecule, polymer or DSSC.For organic molecule and polymer solar battery, between anode and photoactive layer, have the hole resilient coating usually, between photoactive layer and negative electrode, have electron transfer layer.And, do not have hole resilient coating and other electron transfer layer usually for DSSC.
The backing material that is applicable to exciton type solar cell of the present invention has transparent materials such as glass, flexiplast.
The anode material of exciton type solar cell of the present invention can be indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxides), fluorine tin-oxide (FTO, fluorine doped tin oxide), anode material commonly used such as aluminium zinc oxide (AZO, aluminium-doped zinc oxide).
Hole resilient coating material therefor can be poly-(3,4-enedioxy thiophene): poly-(styrene sulfonic acid) (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate, PEDOT:PSS), self-assembled film (SAM, self-assembled monolayers), CuPc, polyethylene oxide (PEO, polyethylene oxide) organic substance such as can also be metal oxide such as nickel oxide (NiO), silver oxide (AgO
x), molybdenum oxide (MoO
x), zinc oxide (ZnO) etc., and metals like gold (Au), platinum (Pt) etc., wherein PEDOT:PSS is one of organic hole cushioning layer material the most frequently used in the present solar cell device.
For the polymer solar battery in the exciton type solar cell, its photoactive layer is the co-mixing system of p type organic semiconductor and n N-type semiconductor N, one of the most frequently used material is the P3HT:PCBM co-mixing system, wherein P3HT (poly (3-hexylthiophene)) is a kind of polythiophene, as electron donor; And PCBM (comprises that [6,6]-phenylC61-butyricacidmethylester and [6,6]-phenylC71-butyricacidmethylester) are that fullerene (comprises C
60And C
70) derivative, as electron acceptor.Other conducting polymer photoactive layer materials also are applicable to the present invention, normally used electron donor material for example PCPDTBT (poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b; 3,4-b ' dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]) and poly-, to styrenic material wherein poly-to styrenic material such as MEH-PPV (poly (2-methoxy-5-2 '-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and MDMO-PPV (poly[2-methyl, 5-(3*, 7**dimethyl-octyloxy)]-p-phenylene vinylene) or the like, normally used electron acceptor material is fullerene and derivative thereof.
For the organic molecule solar cell, its photoactive layer material generally includes phthalocyanine (Phthalocyanine) compounds (as CuPc, phthalein-cyanide-zinc and phthalein cyanogen tin) and portion spends cyanines (merocyanine) or the like micromolecule electron donor material, and electron acceptor material is fullerene and derivative, imidodicarbonic diamide and acid imide etc. normally.
For DSSC, its photoactive layer has some different with polymer solar battery and organic molecule solar cell, and it generally includes dye sensitizing agent, redox electrolytes matter, nano porous semiconductor film etc.
Electron transport material can use metal fluoride, and is the most frequently used as lithium fluoride (LiF); Also can be oxide such as manganese oxide (MnO), nickel oxide (NiO), cobalt oxide (CoO), vanadium trioxide (V
2O
3), rheium oxide (ReO
x), titanium oxide (TiO
x) (x≤3) etc.
Cathode material can be aluminium, magnesium silver alloy, lithium-aluminium alloy, calloy etc.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described exciton type solar cell, selects transparent substrate, forms mesoscopic optical structure at a side surface of substrate, and forms other each layer structures of solar cell on its opposite side surface successively.
The formation of mesoscopic optical structure can adopt mechanical grinding, artificial sand papering or means such as other external force such as laser processing to make substrate surface become mesoscopic optical structure, presents the pattern that is similar to frosted glass; Perhaps adhere to film with mesoscopic optical structure at substrate surface.Can form mesoscopic optical structure at substrate one side surface earlier, form each layer structure of device then at opposite side; Also can form each layer structure of device earlier at substrate one side surface, form mesoscopic optical structure on substrate opposite side surface at last.
The substrate of exciton type solar cell normally is coated with substrates such as the glass of transparent anode or transparent plastic in advance on a side surface, as the ito glass substrate.Such substrate does not generally have the surface formation mesoscopic optical structure of coated anode (can make this side surface of substrate present mesoscopic optical structure by methods such as polishing or laser processings at it, the film that perhaps directly on this surface adhesion of substrate, has mesoscopic optical structure), on anode, form other each layer structures.Each layer structure can adopt a kind of method or the several different methods mixing manufacture in vacuum evaporation, solution spin coating, the printing (comprising inkjet printing, silk screen printing) etc. in the device, and these methods have been well known to those skilled in the art, repeat no more in this.
The present invention carries out alligatoring processing by the substrate to solar cell, form mesoscopic optical structure, the exciton type solar cell device of made all can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell under various incident angle of light, thereby the hunting gear that does not need external tracking sunlight utilizes method simple, with low cost to realize universal solar battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the structural representation of reference device prepared among the embodiment;
Fig. 1 b is the structural representation of enforcement device prepared among the embodiment.
Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b are the light microscope enlarged drawings of the mesoscopic optical structure of enforcement device prepared among the embodiment, and wherein Fig. 2 a amplifies 100 times light field figure, and Fig. 2 b amplifies 400 times light field figure.
Fig. 3 a is under different incident angle of light, the volt-ampere characteristic of reference device among the embodiment;
Fig. 3 b is under different incident angle of light, implements the volt-ampere characteristic of device among the embodiment.
Fig. 4 a is under the different incident angle of light, open circuit voltage (Voc) comparison diagram of embodiment reference device and enforcement device;
Fig. 4 b is under the different incident angle of light, short-circuit current density (Jsc) comparison diagram of embodiment reference device and enforcement device;
Fig. 4 c is under the different incident angle of light, fill factor, curve factor (FF) comparison diagram of embodiment reference device and enforcement device;
Fig. 4 d is under the different incident angle of light, photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) comparison diagram of embodiment reference device and enforcement device.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention in detail under different incident angle of light by embodiment, all improve the method for exciton type solar cell device open circuit voltage, fill factor, curve factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency, but be not construed as limiting the invention.
(1) reference device:
Prepare the reference device according to the following step:
(1) clean ITO (indium tin oxide) glass: ultrasonic cleaning 10 minutes in deionized water, acetone, ethanol respectively, in the plasma clean instrument, handled 3 minutes then;
(2) spin coating hole resilient coating PEDOT:PSS on anode ITO, wherein PEDOT:PSS and H in the PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution
2The O volume ratio is 1: 4,0.2 micron in filtering head aperture, 3000 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 30 seconds spin coating time, 200 ℃ of annealing after the spin coating, annealing after 5 minutes in air earlier, vacuum (＜10Pa) in annealing 15 minutes, lower the temperature;
(3) spin coating photoactive layer P3HT:PCBM mixed solution on the resilient coating PEDOT:PSS of hole, wherein mixed solution concentration is (P3HT:PCBM)/o-dichlorohenzene=(15mg:12mg)/ml, 0.2 micron in filtering head aperture, 600～800 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 15 seconds spin coating time, treat solvent evaporates after the spin coating, in vacuum (10
-3Pa) annealed 1 hour cooling down for 150 ℃ in;
(4) high vacuum (10
-4Pa) under, vacuum evaporation LiF on photoactive layer P3HT:PCBM, thickness
(5) vacuum evaporation negative electrode Al on LiF, thickness
Prepared reference device architecture is referring to Fig. 1 a, and wherein 11 is the smooth glass substrate in the back side, and the 12nd, ito anode, the 13rd, PEDOT:PSS hole resilient coating, the 14th, P3HT:PCBM photoactive layer, the 15th, LiF electron transfer layer, the 16th, negative electrode Al.
(2) implement device
1, the preparation that has the mesoscopic optical structure glass substrate:
Based on ito glass substrate commonly used, do not applying the one side sand papering of ITO, on macroscopic view, present translucent frosted glass pattern, its microscopic appearance by observation by light microscope shown in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, wherein Fig. 2 a amplifies 100 times light field figure (scale is 80 μ m among Fig. 2 a), Fig. 2 b amplifies 400 times light field figure (scale is 20 μ m among Fig. 2 b), can see that its surperficial micro-structural is in the meso-scale scope.
2, implement the device preparation method:
The preparation of each layer structure of enforcement device and the preparation method of reference device are identical, and be under identical laboratory condition, to prepare simultaneously, unique difference just is the difference of glass substrate, and the reference device is the ito glass substrate of using always, and implementing device is the ito glass substrate of polishing.
Prepared enforcement device architecture is seen Fig. 1 b, and wherein 21 is the glass substrate of polishing, the 22nd, and ito anode, the 23rd, PEDOT:PSS hole resilient coating, the 24th, P3HT:PCBM photoactive layer, the 25th, LiF electron transfer layer, the 26th, negative electrode Al.
(3) measurement of device and result
Reference device and enforcement device are at 100mW/cm
2Current-voltage under solar simulator (Newport) the AM 1.5G illumination is by measuring in current-voltage instrument (Keithley 2611) air at room temperature.Measurement result is shown in Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, read Voc, Jsc by Fig. 3 a, 3b, and calculate FF and η, and above data centralization is listed among table 1a and the table 1b, and Fig. 4 a～4d is respectively reference device and the comparison of implementing device Voc, Jsc, FF and η under different incident angle of light.Under the different as can be seen incident angle of light (incidence angle is 0 ° when establishing vertical incidence), implement device and all improving a lot than reference device aspect open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor, curve factor (FF) and the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE).
The volt-ampere performance parameter size of table 1a reference device under different incident angle of light
Table 1b implements the volt-ampere performance parameter size of device under different incident angle of light
More than describe application and the preparation method of mesoscopic optical structure substrate provided by the present invention in exciton type solar cell device in detail by embodiment.This substrate can all improve solar cell under different incident angle of light volt-ampere performance has realized universal solar battery with very simple method with low cost.It will be understood by those of skill in the art that in the scope that does not break away from essence of the present invention can make certain deformation or modification to device architecture of the present invention, its preparation method also is not limited to disclosed content among the embodiment.
Claims (9)
1. exciton type solar cell comprises substrate and is positioned at anode, photoactive layer and negative electrode on substrate one side surface that wherein said substrate and anode are transparent, have mesoscopic optical structure on the opposite side surface of substrate.
2. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described backing material is glass or flexiplast.
3. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described anode material is indium tin oxide, fluorine tin-oxide or aluminium zinc oxide.
4. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cathode material is aluminium, magnesium silver alloy, lithium-aluminium alloy or calloy.
5. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described exciton type solar cell is organic molecule solar cell, polymer solar battery or DSSC.
6. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described exciton type solar cell is organic molecule solar cell or polymer solar battery, has the hole resilient coating between anode and photoactive layer, has electron transfer layer between photoactive layer and negative electrode.
7. exciton type solar cell as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described exciton type solar cell is a polymer solar battery, its hole cushioning layer material is selected from poly-(3,4-enedioxy thiophene): a kind of in poly-(styrene sulfonic acid), self-assembled film, CuPc, polyethylene oxide, metal oxide and the metal; The photoactive layer material is the co-mixing system of p type organic semiconductor and n N-type semiconductor N; The electric transmission layer material is selected from a kind of in metal fluoride and the oxide.
8. the preparation method of the arbitrary described organic solar batteries of claim 1～7 selects transparent substrates, at the side surface formation mesoscopic optical structure of substrate, forms other each layer structures of solar cell successively on the opposite side surface.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the method that forms mesoscopic optical structure at substrate surface is: make substrate surface become mesoscopic optical structure by mechanical grinding, artificial sand papering or laser processing; Perhaps, adhere to film at substrate surface with mesoscopic optical structure.
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| CN102280587A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-12-14 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Stacked solar cell module |
| CN102693841A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-26 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103531712A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2014-01-22 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | Organic solar cell |
| CN104167497A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Organic light-emitting display device and manufacturing method and display unit thereof |
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| CN101577313A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2009-11-11 | 吉林大学 | Reciprocal form structure polymer solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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| US20090056791A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2009-03-05 | William Matthew Pfenninger | Solar modules with enhanced efficiencies via use of spectral concentrators |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102280587A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-12-14 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Stacked solar cell module |
| CN102693841A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-09-26 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102693841B (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2015-10-28 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell device and preparation method thereof |
| CN103531712A (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2014-01-22 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | Organic solar cell |
| CN103531712B (en) * | 2013-10-27 | 2016-03-16 | 中国乐凯集团有限公司 | A kind of organic solar batteries |
| CN104167497A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Organic light-emitting display device and manufacturing method and display unit thereof |
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Application publication date: 20101103 |