CN105069211A - Disc spring application method in high-temperature flange connection system - Google Patents

Disc spring application method in high-temperature flange connection system Download PDF

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CN105069211A
CN105069211A CN201510458338.6A CN201510458338A CN105069211A CN 105069211 A CN105069211 A CN 105069211A CN 201510458338 A CN201510458338 A CN 201510458338A CN 105069211 A CN105069211 A CN 105069211A
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bolt
disc spring
pad
flange
connection system
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CN105069211B (en
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王明伍
喻九阳
郑小涛
林玮
徐建民
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Jiangxi Mingyuan Electric Co.,Ltd.
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Wuhan Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a disc spring application method in a high-temperature flange connection system. The method comprises the steps as follows: establishing a theoretical analysis model of a high-temperature bolted flange connection system comprising a disc spring in terms of specific operation status; performing analysis and calculation to an elastic coefficient, analyzing a creep condition; performing deformation compatibility analysis to axial displacement based on a condition that the axial displacement from the time that a nut starts to bear axial stress to the time that the nut is completely screwed while preloading is not changed all the time from an initial state to a loosening state under the premise of considering creep effect to obtain change rules of a bolt force and gasket force in the bolted flange connection system comprising the disc spring; providing a disc spring combining scheme based on sealed gasket and number by combining the condition that the gasket force must be more than the minimum gasket pressing force for sealing the gasket; and providing a calculation method of the disc spring combining scheme and number for reducing loosening amount. The method of the invention designs size, quantity, material and a combination mode of the disc spring used in specific application and provides a relatively simple, reliable and rational calculation method.

Description

Disc spring application process in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of disc spring application process, be specifically related to the disc spring application process in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature.
Background technology
For ensureing that Bolted Flanged Connection system bolt force in long-term operation process maintains within the scope of effective sealing, disk spring is widely used.Disk spring fitted bolt uses and makes Flanged Connection System toughness stronger, but must a kind of effective method for designing guarantee disk spring springback capacity can effective compensation bolt force produce because of creep lax, bolt force is maintained within the scope of effective sealing bolt force.The application of disk spring in high-temperature flange connects in the past, just by virtue of experience or rough calculating decide the size of disk spring, material, number and array mode.In engineering practice, the application of disk spring does not still have reliable national standard or computing method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide the disc spring application process in a kind of simple and reliable Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature.
The present invention for solving the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme is: the disc spring application process in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
S1, set up the theoretical analysis model of high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring for concrete operation operating mode;
S2, respectively to the elasticity coefficient that moment of flexure, flange are internally pressed, analytical calculation is carried out to bolt, pad, disc spring, flange;
S3, respectively to bolt, pad, flange operation operating mode under creep situation analyze;
S4, consider flange, pad, bolt three creep effect precondition under, remain constant based on bearing the axial displacement of axial stress to complete fastening nut during pretension from nut at mode of operation with after relaxing, high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System is carried out to the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtain the Changing Pattern containing bolt force, pad power in disc spring Bolted Flanged Connection system;
S5, bonding pad stress must be greater than the minimum pad snap-in force of gasket seal, provide the disk spring assembled scheme based on gasket seal and use number;
S6, provide and reduce the disk spring assembled scheme of slack with certain proportion and use number computing method.
By such scheme, in described S1, regard flange, pad, bolt as a complete system, in analytic process, consider the elasticity of whole system, comprise bolt pretightening, the elastic deformation of interior pressure generation and the displacement of deflection and the generation of each parts high-temerature creep and deflection.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: theoretical based on high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System tightness analysis, according to the maximum slack that Flange joint effective sealing allows, on the basis considering pad creep, the size of disk spring, quantity, material, array mode should be used to make design in using idiocrasy, and give one comparatively simple and reliable and rational computing method, to engineering practice, there is very strong reference, directive significance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation containing disk spring Flanged Connection System.
Fig. 2 is for containing disc spring Flanged Connection System illustraton of model.
Fig. 3 is the axial force of disk spring and the graph of a relation of axial displacement.
Fig. 4 is the centre of gravity place figure of flange interfaces.
Bolt force change curve when Fig. 5 is different disc spring number.
In figure: 1-upper flange, 2-nut, disk spring on the upside of 3-, 4-pad, 5-studs, disk spring on the downside of 6-, 7-lower flange.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
A disc spring application process in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, comprises the following steps:
S1, set up the theoretical analysis model of high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring for concrete operation operating mode.
Regard flange, pad, bolt as a complete system, in analytic process, consider the elasticity of whole system, comprise bolt pretightening, the elastic deformation of interior pressure generation and the displacement of deflection and the generation of each parts high-temerature creep and deflection.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation containing disk spring Flanged Connection System, pad 4 is provided with between upper flange 1 and lower flange 7, upper flange 1 is connected by studs 5 with lower flange 7, studs 5 is installed with upside disk spring 3 and downside disk spring 6, and is fixed by nut 2.
Fig. 2 illustrates the theoretical analysis model of the application of disk spring in high-temperature flange fastening bolt.Regard flange, pad, bolt as a complete system, the elasticity of whole system in analytic process, will be considered, comprise elastic deformation that bolt pretightening, interior pressure etc. produce and the displacement that deflection and each parts high-temerature creep produce and deflection.Based on the research of pertinent literature, Fig. 1 institute representation model can be used for studying the common creep relaxation effect of flange, pad, bolt three.K fM, K fp, K b, K g, K wrepresent that flange is to the elasticity coefficient of moment of flexure, elasticity coefficient, the elasticity coefficient of bolt, the elasticity coefficient of pad, the elasticity coefficient of disk spring that flange is internally pressed respectively, and to the sign that it simplifies in fig. 2.
S2, respectively to the elasticity coefficient that moment of flexure, flange are internally pressed, analytical calculation is carried out to bolt, pad, disc spring, flange.
1) elasticity coefficient of bolt
K b = E b A b ( l b + l a ) - - - ( 1 ) ,
Wherein, the effective length l of bolt b+ l a=2t f+ t g+ d+t w, l bthe effective length of bolt, l athe grip that disc spring takies, t fthe thickness of flange of flange, t gbe spacer thickness, d is the diameter of bolt, t wit is the effective length of disc spring.
2) elasticity coefficient of pad
Select soft graphite metal wave tooth composite pad in the present embodiment, shim size meets the description to prominent face flange pad in GB19066.Here pad is simplified, the elasticity coefficient of pad:
K g = A g E g t g - - - ( 2 ) ,
Wherein E gfor gasket material elastic modulus, t gthe thickness of pad, K gfor the elastic modulus of pad, A grepresent effective contact area of pad, and A g=π GN, G refer to pad reaction forces place diameter, and N is the effective width of pad.
3) elasticity coefficient of disk spring
The axial force of disk spring and the graph of a relation of axial displacement are as shown in Figure 3.
4) flange is to the elasticity coefficient of moment of flexure
According to the elaboration of document, be easy to get the elasticity coefficient of flange to moment of flexure.Each parameter in formula can be obtained to the description of corner in pertinent literature, derive the flange of band neck to the elasticity coefficient of moment of flexure:
K f M = M f θ f M = LE f g 0 2 h 0 ( 1 - ν f 2 ) V - - - ( 3 ) ,
Wherein E frepresent the elastic modulus of flange, g 0the thickness of cone neck small end, ν ffor Poisson ratio, θ fMfor the corner of flange under Moment, L, V are flange coefficient, h 0for the thickness parameter of flange, E ffor the elastic modulus of flange, L, h 0, V calculating calculate according to the introduction in " GB150 Steel Pressure Vessels " document.
5) the flange elasticity coefficient of internally pressing
Under the impact not considering temperature environment, can derive by the method for the annex introduction of pertinent literature the elasticity coefficient that flange internally presses is:
K f P = P θ f P = a 3 a 5 2 - a 6 a 2 2 - a 2 a 5 + a 4 a 6 2 - a 3 a 4 a 6 - a 1 a 6 2 + a 1 a 3 a 6 + a 2 a 5 a 6 2 a 2 2 a 6 b 3 + a 6 2 a 2 b 1 - a 6 2 a 2 b 2 + a 3 a 4 a 6 b 3 + a 3 a 5 b 1 - a 3 a 5 b 2 - a 1 a 3 a 6 b 3 - - - ( 4 ) ,
Wherein: P is interior pressure, θ fpfor the angular rotation of flange under corresponding pressure, a 4 = - B G 2 4 EA f , a 5 = - ( h + t - X G ) , a 6 = - B G 2 4 E I , b 1 = - ( 2 - v ) B G 2 8 Eg 0 , b 2 = - ( h + t ) ( A + B ) 2 16 EA f , b 3 = ( ( h + t - X G ) - X G 2 ) B G 2 8 E I , D = Eg 0 3 12 ( 1 - ν 2 ) , β = 12 ( 1 - v 2 ) g 0 3 B 2 4 , E is the elastic modulus of flange material, and A is flange outer diameter, and B is flange inner diameter, B gfor center of gravity parameter, X gthe lateral attitude of center of gravity.
As for flange interfaces centre of gravity place as shown in Figure 4, denote X in the drawings g, B g.
S3, respectively to bolt, pad, flange operation operating mode under creep situation analyze.
Under high-temerature creep condition, after elapsed time t, the deformation of creep of bolt is such as formula described in 5:
W b c = l b t ϵ · c - - - ( 5 ) ,
L bthe effective length of bolt, the t time, it is pad creep rate.
Sun Zhenguo is when studying the temporal correlation of Bolted Flanged Connection system leak rate, and the creeping displacement proposing hot conditions lower gasket is:
w g c = D g i ( B R + C R T ) l n ( t ) - - - ( 6 ) ,
Wherein b r, C rfor pad parameter, T is temperature.
The creeping displacement of flange ring is calculated by deflection angle:
w f c = 2 Δθh G = 24 h G t t f 3 l n ( r o / r i ) ∫ r 1 r o ∫ - t f / 2 t f / 2 ϵ · c y d y d r - - - ( 7 ) ,
Δ θ flange creep corner, h gpad application point is to the distance in the bolt hole center of circle.Ri is inside radius, r ofor external radius.
S4, consider flange, pad, bolt three creep effect precondition under, remain constant based on bearing the axial displacement of axial stress to complete fastening nut during pretension from nut at mode of operation with after relaxing, high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System is carried out to the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtain the Changing Pattern containing bolt force, pad power in disc spring Bolted Flanged Connection system.
To the Bolted Flanged Connection containing disk spring, the entirety be made up of bolt, flange, pad, disk spring is a statically indeterminate structure, is the key solving final residual load to the flexibility analysis of each component axial.Contact between wanting both setting up, must consider each component stress, moment, interior pressure, creep, thermal expansion and the axial displacement that produces.Due in the process of tightening, the axial displacement of nut movement remains unchanged within whole working hour, writes Coordinate deformation equation so can arrange:
W b i + W g i + W w i + 2 W f i = W b f + W g f + W w f + 2 W f f + W c - - - ( 8 ) ,
F b i = F w i , F b f = F w f - - - ( 9 ) ,
Above formula is calculated:
F b i K b + F g i K g + F g i K w + 2 h G M f i K f M = F b f K b + F g f K g + F b f K w + 2 h G M f f K f M + 2 h G P K f P + W c - - - ( 10 ) ,
The bolt load arranging is finally:
F b w f = F b i - K e w [ A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + ΔW b c + ΔW g c + ΔW f c ] - - - ( 11 ) ,
1 K e w = 1 K b + 1 K g + 1 K w + 2 h G 2 K f M - - - ( 12 ) ,
K ewaxially total elasticity coefficient, K bthe elasticity coefficient of bolt, K gthe elasticity coefficient of pad, K wthe elasticity coefficient of disk spring, K fMthe elasticity coefficient of flange for moment of flexure, h gthe distance of pad application point to bolt hole center.
Describe when considering pad, bolt, flange creep in time in Fig. 5, the stress relaxation of bolt in using the band neck W.N flange of disk spring to connect.Result shows, and when not using disk spring, after work 10000h, creates the load relaxation amount of 39.71%.When adding the disk spring of different number, can the slack of bolt force in reduction certain hour in various degree, as shown in table 1.
Bolt force relaxation rate during table 1 different disk spring number
The use of disk spring greatly reduces the load relaxation amount of bolt as shown in Table 1.In the present embodiment, the slack of bolt is reduced 28.12% by the use of 5 pairs of disk springs, by when not adding disk spring 39.71% bolt force relaxation rate be reduced to 11.59%, the application of visible disk spring can the fastening effect of good strengthening stud.This illustrates when the elasticity grow of whole Bolted Flanged Connection system, and the slack of load just diminishes.
S5, bonding pad stress must be greater than the minimum pad snap-in force of gasket seal, provide the disk spring assembled scheme based on gasket seal and use number.
Under in working order so operating mode lower gasket power is arbitrarily:
F g w f = F b i - PA p - K e w [ A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + ΔW b c + ΔW g c + ΔW f c ] - - - ( 13 ) ,
pad power, bolt force, A pthe equivalent cross-sectional area of interior pressure effect, h pthe radius of the equivalent face of interior pressure effect. represent the creep relaxation amount of bolt, pad, flange respectively.
Under the condition that designed life is known, utilize designed life this time parameter can try to achieve the creeping displacement of bolt, pad and flange, make W cbecome known quantity ( represent the summation of creep compliance).Mp should be greater than, that is: by operation operating mode lower gasket compressive stress
mpA g ≤ F b i - PA p - K e w [ A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + ΔW b c + ΔW g c + ΔW f c ] - - - ( 14 ) ,
M is gasket factor, and p is interior pressure.
Carry out abbreviation to it can obtain:
K e w ≤ F b i - PA p - mpA g A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + ΔW b c + ΔW g c + ΔW f c - - - ( 15 ) ,
K w ≤ 1 A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + ΔW b c + ΔW g c + ΔW f c F b i - PA p - mpA g - 1 K b - 1 K g - 2 h G 2 K f M - - - ( 16 ) ,
A gthe effective active area of pad, K wthe elasticity coefficient that disk spring is axially total.
As everyone knows, when the parallel connection of z sheet disk spring uses, the elasticity coefficient of combination disk spring is z times of a slice disk spring elasticity coefficient; When the series connection of z sheet disk spring uses, the elasticity coefficient of combination disk spring is the 1/z of a slice disk spring elasticity coefficient.The elasticity coefficient span total by formula (16) known disk spring, utilize the series-parallel rule of disk spring to carry out use number that reasonable distribution can obtain disk spring.If select series connection to use disk spring, then the concrete number of the disk spring of above-mentioned operating mode is shown below, wherein n bfor number of bolts on flange, K w0for the elasticity coefficient of a slice disk spring.
z = n b K w 0 · ( A p P K b + A p P K w + 2 h G h P A p P K f M + 2 h G P K f P + W c F b i - PA p - mpA g - 1 K b - 1 K g - 2 h G 2 K f M ) - - - ( 17 ) ,
S6, provide and reduce the disk spring assembled scheme of slack with certain proportion and use number computing method.
In order to a certain proportion of reduction slack, rational method must be had to determine use number and the scheme of disk spring.Due to the slack of bolt, gasket load and the elasticity coefficient of Bolted Flanged Connection system axial entirety in direct ratio.Utilize the slack that a certain proportion of reduction of disk spring is total, namely utilize the energy that the elastic potential energy of disk spring loses to make up lax in Flanged Connection System.If need total slack to be reduced to original 1/q, the axial elasticity coefficient that so Bolted Flanged Connection is total also should be reduced to original 1/q.To ask whole Bolted Flanged Connection K ewbe decreased to original 1/q, then:
K e w ′ = 1 q K e w - - - ( 18 ) ,
K w = 1 q K e w - 1 K b - 1 K g - 2 h G 2 K f M - - - ( 19 ) ,
If select series connection to use disk spring, then the concrete number of the disk spring of above-mentioned operating mode is shown below, wherein n bfor number of bolts on flange, K w0for the elasticity coefficient of a slice disk spring.
m = K w 0 n b · ( q K e w - 1 K b - 1 K g - 2 h G 2 K f M ) - - - ( 20 )
If want, the axial elasticity coefficient of Bolted Flanged Connection system is reduced to 1/3 of initial value, uses the method to calculate disc spring number, K in an embodiment ew=1698450N/mm, after reducing 2/3, K' ew=566150N/mm, by above to the description of the elasticity coefficient of bolt, flange, pad, the elasticity coefficient after known disk spring combination is K w=424612N/mm.Utilize the known each fastening bolt of formula (20) to fix and will put 8 pairs of disk springs.
The present invention describes the fundamental characteristics of disk spring in detail from the definition of disk spring, the classification of disk spring, the several aspect of feature of disk spring.Because disk spring is more and more extensive in the application of high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System, and well can improve the compactedness of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, the present invention is directed to this Bolted Flanged Connection system utilizes compatibility of deformation analytical approach should be used as detailed theoretical analysis to disk spring in Bolted Flanged Connection system, in this analytic process, the labor elasticity coefficient of each parts, take into account the creep of bolt, pad, flange simultaneously.By analyze learn that disk spring is used in Bolted Flanged Connection time, pad power over time rule such as formula described in 13.When designing disc spring number based on designed life, its number is such as formula described in 17, and when reducing slack reduction connected system slack with certain proportion, its number is such as formula described in 20.
Above embodiment is only for illustration of design philosophy of the present invention and feature, and its object is to enable those skilled in the art understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment.So all equivalent variations of doing according to disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification, all within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the disc spring application process in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
S1, set up the theoretical analysis model of high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring for concrete operation operating mode;
S2, respectively to the elasticity coefficient that moment of flexure, flange are internally pressed, analytical calculation is carried out to bolt, pad, disc spring, flange;
S3, respectively to bolt, pad, flange operation operating mode under creep situation analyze;
S4, consider flange, pad, bolt three creep effect precondition under, remain constant based on bearing the axial displacement of axial stress to complete fastening nut during pretension from nut at mode of operation with after relaxing, high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System is carried out to the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtain the Changing Pattern containing bolt force, pad power in disc spring Bolted Flanged Connection system;
S5, bonding pad stress must be greater than the minimum pad snap-in force of gasket seal, provide the disk spring assembled scheme based on gasket seal and use number;
S6, provide and reduce the disk spring assembled scheme of slack with certain proportion and use number computing method.
2. the disc spring application process in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described S1, regard flange, pad, bolt as a complete system, consider the elasticity of whole system in analytic process, comprise bolt pretightening, the elastic deformation of interior pressure generation and the displacement of deflection and the generation of each parts high-temerature creep and deflection.
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CN106971033A (en) * 2017-03-17 2017-07-21 武汉工程大学 Flange bolt prefastening load design method based on nonlinear gasket
CN107191532A (en) * 2017-06-07 2017-09-22 辽宁工业大学 Vibration damper complement user terminal shock resistance stabilising arrangement and adjustment method
CN107191532B (en) * 2017-06-07 2023-10-27 辽宁工业大学 Shock resistance stabilizing device for user side of shock absorber assembly and debugging method
CN108488516A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-09-04 北京首钢股份有限公司 A kind of flange sealing structure and method
CN110285950A (en) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-27 浙江高强度紧固件有限公司 A kind of disc spring detection method and its detection device
CN112145838A (en) * 2020-09-01 2020-12-29 江苏嘉洛德低逸散工程技术有限公司 Flange static seal low-loss system integrated device and seal installation process
CN113237643A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-10 中广核核电运营有限公司 Disc spring online monitoring system and method
CN113237643B (en) * 2021-04-16 2023-01-17 中广核核电运营有限公司 Disc spring online monitoring system and method
CN113806881A (en) * 2021-08-13 2021-12-17 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Cylinder head bolt tightening method
EP4299960A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-03 Airbus Operations GmbH Hydrogen pipe coupling arrangement with enhanced inner sealing

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