CN105069211B - A kind of disc spring application method in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature - Google Patents
A kind of disc spring application method in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN105069211B CN105069211B CN201510458338.6A CN201510458338A CN105069211B CN 105069211 B CN105069211 B CN 105069211B CN 201510458338 A CN201510458338 A CN 201510458338A CN 105069211 B CN105069211 B CN 105069211B
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Abstract
The present invention provides the disc spring application method in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, and the theoretical analysis model of the high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring is established for concrete operations operating condition；Analytical calculation is carried out to coefficient of elasticity；Creep situation is analyzed；Under the premise of considering creep effect, remain constant based on axial stress is born when pre-tightening since nut to after tightening the axial displacement of nut completely from original state to relaxation, the compatibility of deformation analysis for carrying out axial displacement, obtains the changing rule of bolt power, gasket power in the system of Bolted Flanged Connection containing disc spring；Bonding pad power has to be larger than the minimum gasket pressing force of gasket seal, provides disk spring combination scheme and number based on gasket seal；Provide the disk spring combination scheme and number calculation method for reducing slack.The present invention should use size, quantity, material, the combination of disk spring to make design idiocrasy in, provide relatively simple reliable and reasonable calculation method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of disc spring application methods, and in particular to the disc spring application side in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature
Method.
Background technique
To guarantee that Bolted Flanged Connection system bolt power during long-term operation maintains in effective sealing range, dish
Shape spring is widely used.Disk spring fitted bolt use makes Flanged Connection System toughness stronger, but has to
A kind of effective design method just can guarantee disk spring springback capacity can effective compensation bolt power generated because of creep
Relaxation, maintains bolt power within the scope of effective sealing bolt power.Application of the previous disk spring in high-temperature flange connection, only
It is calculating by virtue of experience or roughly to determine size, material, number and the combination of disk spring.In engineering practice, dish
The application of shape spring is still without reliable national standard or calculation method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the disc spring provided in the simple and reliable Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature of one kind is answered
Use method.
A kind of technical solution taken by the invention to solve the above technical problem are as follows: the dish in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature
Spring application method, it is characterised in that: it the following steps are included:
S1, the theory analysis mould that the high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring is established for specific operation operating condition
Type；
S2, analytical calculation is carried out to the coefficient of elasticity of internal pressure to moment of flexure, flange to bolt, gasket, disc spring, flange respectively；
S3, the creep situation of bolt, gasket, flange in the case where operating operating condition is analyzed respectively；
S4, consider flange, gasket, bolt three's creep effect precondition under, based on pre-tighten when since nut
It bears axial stress and remains constant after mode of operation and relaxation to the axial displacement for tightening nut completely, to high temperature bolt
Flanged Connection System carries out the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtains bolt power in the system of Bolted Flanged Connection containing disc spring, pad
The changing rule of piece power；
S5, bonding pad stress have to be larger than the minimum gasket pressing force of gasket seal, provide the dish based on gasket seal
Shape spring assembly scheme and use number；
S6, it provides and scheme is combined with the disk spring that certain proportion reduces slack and uses number calculation method.
According to the above scheme, in the S1, flange, gasket, bolt are regarded as a complete system, is examined in analytic process
The elasticity for considering whole system, the flexible deformation and deflection that generate including bolt pretightening, internal pressure and each component high-temerature creep produce
Raw displacement and deflection.
The invention has the benefit that it is theoretical based on high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System tightness analysis, connect according to flange
It is connected to the permitted maximum slack of effect sealing, on the basis of considering gasket creep, to dish should be used in idiocrasy utilization
Size, quantity, material, the combination of shape spring make design, and give a kind of relatively simple reliable and reasonably count
Calculation method has very strong reference, directive significance to engineering practice.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the Flanged Connection System containing disk spring.
Fig. 2 is the illustraton of model of Flanged Connection System containing disc spring.
Fig. 3 is the axial force of disk spring and the relational graph of axial displacement.
Fig. 4 is the position of centre of gravity figure of flange interfaces.
Bolt power change curve when Fig. 5 is different disc spring numbers.
In figure: 1- upper flange, 2- nut, the upside 3- disk spring, 4- gasket, 5- studs, the downside 6- disk spring,
7- lower flange.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific example and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
A kind of disc spring application method in Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, comprising the following steps:
S1, the theory analysis mould that the high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring is established for specific operation operating condition
Type.
It regards flange, gasket, bolt as a complete system, the elasticity of whole system is considered in analytic process, including
Flexible deformation and deflection that bolt pretightening, internal pressure generate and displacement and deflection that each component high-temerature creep generates.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the Flanged Connection System containing disk spring, and gasket is equipped between upper flange 1 and lower flange 7
4, upper flange 1 and lower flange 7 are connected by studs 5, and upside disk spring 3 and downside dish bullet are installed on studs 5
Spring 6, and it is fixed by nut 2.
Fig. 2 illustrates the theoretical analysis model of application of the disk spring in high-temperature flange fastening bolt.By flange, pad
Piece, bolt regard a complete system as, to consider the elasticity of whole system in analytic process, including bolt pretightening, interior
The displacement and deflection that the flexible deformation of the generations such as pressure and deflection and each component high-temerature creep generate.Grinding based on pertinent literature
Study carefully, Fig. 1 institute representation model can be used to study the common creep relaxation effect of flange, gasket, bolt three.KfM、Kfp、Kb、Kg、Kw
Respectively indicate flange is to the elasticity of the coefficient of elasticity of internal pressure, the coefficient of elasticity of bolt, gasket to the coefficient of elasticity of moment of flexure, flange
The coefficient of elasticity of number, disk spring, and the mark that it is simplified in Fig. 2.
S2, analytical calculation is carried out to the coefficient of elasticity of internal pressure to moment of flexure, flange to bolt, gasket, disc spring, flange respectively.
1) coefficient of elasticity of bolt
Wherein, the effective length l of boltb+la=2tf+tg+d+tw, lbIt is the effective length of bolt, laThe spiral shell that disc spring occupies
Bolt effective length, tfThe thickness of flange of flange, tgIt is spacer thickness, d is the diameter of bolt, twIt is the effective length of disc spring.
2) coefficient of elasticity of gasket
Soft graphite metal wave tooth composite pad is selected in the present embodiment, shim size meets in GB19066 to prominent face flange
With the description of gasket.Gasket is simplified herein, the coefficient of elasticity of gasket:
Wherein EgFor gasket material elasticity modulus, tgThe thickness of gasket, KgFor the elasticity modulus of gasket, AgIndicate gasket
Effective contact area, and Ag=π GN, G refer to that diameter at pad reaction forces, N are the effective width of gasket.
3) coefficient of elasticity of disk spring
The axial force of disk spring and the relational graph of axial displacement are as shown in Figure 3.
4) coefficient of elasticity of the flange to moment of flexure
According to the elaboration of document, the coefficient of elasticity that is easy to get to flange to moment of flexure.Formula can be obtained to the description of corner in pertinent literature
In each parameter, derive the flange with neck to the coefficient of elasticity of moment of flexure:
Wherein EfRepresent the elasticity modulus of flange, g0It is the thickness for boring neck small end, νfFor Poisson's ratio, θfMIt is flange in moment of flexure
Corner under effect, L, V are flange coefficient, h0For the thickness parameter of flange, EfFor the elasticity modulus of flange, L, h0, V calculating
It is calculated according to the introduction in " GB150 steel pressure vessel " document.
5) coefficient of elasticity of the flange to internal pressure
Under the influence of not considering temperature environment, it can derive that flange is internal by the method for the annex introduction of pertinent literature
The coefficient of elasticity of pressure is:
Wherein: P is internal pressure, θfpFor the angular rotation of flange under corresponding pressure, E is the elasticity modulus of flange material, and A is flange
Outer diameter, B are flange inner diameter, BGFor center of gravity parameter, XGThe lateral position of center of gravity.
Position of centre of gravity as flange interfaces in figure as shown in figure 4, denote XG、BG。
S3, the creep situation of bolt, gasket, flange in the case where operating operating condition is analyzed respectively.
Under the conditions of high-temerature creep, the deformation of creep by time t rear bolt is as described in formula 5:
lbThe effective length of bolt, the t time,It is gasket creep rate.
Sun Zhenguo proposes hot conditions lower gasket when studying the temporal correlation of Bolted Flanged Connection system leak rate
Creeping displacement are as follows:
WhereinBR、CRFor gasket parameter, T is temperature.
The creeping displacement of flange ring is carried out calculating by deflection angle:
Δ θ flange creep corner, hGGasket position to the bolt hole center of circle distance.Ri is inside radius, roFor outer radius.
S4, consider flange, gasket, bolt three's creep effect precondition under, based on pre-tighten when since nut
It bears axial stress and remains constant after mode of operation and relaxation to the axial displacement for tightening nut completely, to high temperature bolt
Flanged Connection System carries out the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtains bolt power in the system of Bolted Flanged Connection containing disc spring, pad
The changing rule of piece power.
It is one by the entirety that bolt, flange, gasket, disk spring form to the Bolted Flanged Connection containing disk spring
Redundant structure, the flexibility analysis to each component axial direction are the key that solve final residual load.To establish between the two
Connection, it is necessary to consider each component stress, torque, internal pressure, creep, thermal expansion and the axial displacement generated.Due to tightening
In the process, the mobile axial displacement of nut remains unchanged within entire working hour, writes Coordinate deformation equation so can arrange:
Above formula calculate:
The bolt load for arranging finally are as follows:
KewAxial total coefficient of elasticity, KbThe coefficient of elasticity of bolt, KgThe coefficient of elasticity of gasket, KwIt is the bullet of disk spring
Property coefficient, KfMIt is the coefficient of elasticity that flange is directed to moment of flexure, hGIt is distance of the gasket position to bolt hole center.
It is described in Fig. 5 in the case where considering gasket, bolt, flange creep at any time, uses the band neck of disk spring
The stress relaxation of bolt in W.N flange connection.The results show that when not using disk spring, after the 10000h that works,
Produce 39.71% load relaxation amount.It, can reduction certain time in various degree when adding different number of disk spring
The slack of interior bolt power, as shown in table 1.
Bolt power relaxation rate when 1 difference disk spring number of table
The use of disk spring greatly reduces the load relaxation amount of bolt as shown in Table 1.In the present embodiment,
The slack of bolt is reduced 28.12% by the use of 5 pairs of disk springs, by when disk spring is not added 39.71% bolt power
Relaxation rate has been reduced to 11.59%, it is seen that the fastening effect of the good strengthening stud of application energy of disk spring.This explanation is when whole
When the elasticity of a Bolted Flanged Connection system becomes strong, the slack of load just becomes smaller.
S5, bonding pad stress have to be larger than the minimum gasket pressing force of gasket seal, provide the dish based on gasket seal
Shape spring assembly scheme and use number.
Due in the operating conditionSo any operating condition lower gasket power are as follows:
It is gasket power,It is bolt power, ApThe equivalent cross-sectional area of internal pressure effect, hPThe equivalent face of internal pressure effect
Radius.Respectively represent the creep relaxation amount of bolt, gasket, flange.
Under the conditions of known to the projected life, using projected life, this time parameter can acquire bolt, gasket and method
Blue creeping displacement, so that WcAs known quantity (Represent the summation of creep compliance).By under operation operating condition
Gasket compression should be greater than mp, it may be assumed that
M is gasket factor, and p is internal pressure.
Carrying out abbreviation to it can obtain:
AgIt is the effective active area of gasket, KwThe axial total coefficient of elasticity of disk spring.
It is well known that the coefficient of elasticity of combination disk spring is a piece of disk spring elasticity when z piece disk spring is used in parallel
Z times of coefficient；When z piece disk spring is used in series, the coefficient of elasticity of combination disk spring is a piece of disk spring coefficient of elasticity
1/z.The total coefficient of elasticity value range of the disk spring known to formula (16), it is reasonable to be carried out using the series-parallel rule of disk spring
The use number of disk spring can be obtained in distribution.If selection is used in series disk spring, then the disk spring of above-mentioned operating condition
Specific number is shown below, wherein nbFor number of bolts on flange, Kw0For the coefficient of elasticity of a piece of disk spring.
S6, it provides and scheme is combined with the disk spring that certain proportion reduces slack and uses number calculation method.
For a certain proportion of reduction slack, it is necessary to have reasonable method to determine use number and the side of disk spring
Case.Since the coefficient of elasticity of bolt, slack and the Bolted Flanged Connection system axial entirety of gasket load is in direct ratio.It utilizes
Disk spring carrys out the total slack of a certain proportion of reduction, i.e., makes up Flanged Connection System using the elastic potential energy of disk spring
In the energy for relaxing and losing.If needing total slack to be reduced to original 1/q, then the axial direction that Bolted Flanged Connection is total
Coefficient of elasticity should also be reduced to original 1/q.If it is desired to entire Bolted Flanged Connection KewBe decreased to original 1/q, then:
If selection is used in series disk spring, then the disk spring specific number of above-mentioned operating condition is shown below, wherein
nbFor number of bolts on flange, Kw0For the coefficient of elasticity of a piece of disk spring.
If wanting the axial elasticity coefficient of Bolted Flanged Connection system being reduced to the 1/3 of initial value, using the method to disc spring
Number is calculated, in embodiment Kew=1698450N/mm, after reducing 2/3, K'ew=566150N/mm, by above to spiral shell
The description of the coefficient of elasticity of bolt, flange, gasket, it is known that the coefficient of elasticity after disk spring combination is Kw=424612N/mm.Benefit
Each fastening bolt known to formula (20), which is fixed, will put 8 pairs of disk springs.
The present invention is discussed in detail in terms of the feature of the definition of disk spring, the classification of disk spring, disk spring is several
The fundamental characteristics of disk spring.Due to disk spring in high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System using more and more extensive, and energy
Improve the compactness of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature well, the present invention utilizes compatibility of deformation point for the Bolted Flanged Connection system
Analysis method has done detailed theory analysis to application of the disk spring in Bolted Flanged Connection system, in this analytic process in detail
The coefficient of elasticity of each component is analyzed, while considering the creep of bolt, gasket, flange.Disk spring is learnt by analysis
When being used in Bolted Flanged Connection, gasket power changes with time rule as described in formula 13.Based on projected life to disc spring number
When mesh is designed, number is as described in formula 17, when reducing slack reduction connection systematic relaxation amount with certain proportion, number
As described in formula 20.
Above embodiments are merely to illustrate design philosophy and feature of the invention, and its object is to make technology in the art
Personnel can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.So it is all according to
It is within the scope of the present invention according to equivalent variations made by disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification.
Claims (1)
1. the disc spring application method in a kind of Flanged Joints at Elevated Temperature, it is characterised in that: it the following steps are included:
S1, the theoretical analysis model that the high temperature bolt Flanged Connection System containing disk spring is established for specific operation operating condition；
It regards flange, gasket, bolt as a complete system, the elasticity of whole system, including tools for bolts ' pretension is considered in analytic process
Flexible deformation and deflection that power, internal pressure generate and displacement and deflection that each component high-temerature creep generates；
S2, analytical calculation is carried out to the coefficient of elasticity of internal pressure to moment of flexure, flange to bolt, gasket, disc spring, flange respectively；
S3, the creep situation of bolt, gasket, flange in the case where operating operating condition is analyzed respectively；
S4, under the precondition for considering flange, gasket, bolt three's creep effect, based on being born since nut when pre-tightening
Axial stress remains constant after mode of operation and relaxation to the axial displacement for tightening nut completely, to high temperature bolt flange
Connection system carries out the compatibility of deformation analysis of axial displacement, obtains bolt power, gasket power in the system of Bolted Flanged Connection containing disc spring
Changing rule；
S5, bonding pad stress have to be larger than the minimum gasket pressing force of gasket seal, provide the dish-shaped bullet based on gasket seal
Spring assembled scheme and use number；
S6, it provides and scheme is combined with the disk spring that certain proportion reduces slack and uses number calculation method；
If total slack is reduced to original 1/q, the use number m for being used in series butterfly spring is calculated as follows:
nbFor number of bolts on flange, Kw0For the coefficient of elasticity of a piece of disk spring, KewAxial total coefficient of elasticity, KbBolt
Coefficient of elasticity, KgThe coefficient of elasticity of gasket, KfMIt is the coefficient of elasticity that flange is directed to moment of flexure, hGIt is gasket position into bolt hole
The distance of the heart.
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| CN110285950A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-27 | 浙江高强度紧固件有限公司 | A kind of disc spring detection method and its detection device |
| CN112145838A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-29 | 江苏嘉洛德低逸散工程技术有限公司 | Flange static seal low-loss system integrated device and seal installation process |
| CN113237643B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2023-01-17 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Disc spring online monitoring system and method |
| CN113806881A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-17 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Cylinder head bolt tightening method |
| EP4299960A1 (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-03 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Hydrogen pipe coupling arrangement with enhanced inner sealing |
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