CN102831263B - Method for finite element optimization design of bolt pretightening force and bolt structural - Google Patents
Method for finite element optimization design of bolt pretightening force and bolt structural Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for finite element optimization of bolt pretightening force and bolt structural design. A two-dimensional FEA (finite element analysis) modified model and the method are applicable to structural modeling of different bolts. By considering various types of nonlinear factors such as complex contact, friction, pretightening in threaded connection, three-dimensional spiral thread structures are simplified effectively by the planar FEA modified model while calculation precision is guaranteed. The pretightening force and an external force are loaded step by step by inputting component parameters and material attributes and integrating nonlinear factor relationships. A curve of maximum stress changing along with the external force and a curve of changing of maximum stress inside the thread along with the pretightening force are defined according to stress status in the thread area. The optimal pretightening force of threaded connection is determined by judging whether contact faces are separated or not. Optimal bolt structural design and optimal parameters are calculated according to maximum external force borne by the bolt structure and the required pretightening force of the bolt structure. The method is also applicable to rectangular or other nonstandard threaded bolt structures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and utilize finite element technique to carry out analysis and design to bolt arrangement, is a kind of method of finite element optimization bolt pretightening and bolt arrangement design.
Background technology
Finite element method is called as approximate matrix method, being the method that combines by modern mathematics and computer technology simulates actual physical system (comprise geometry and load working condition but not only in this), and its essence adopts the method for infinitesimal analysis to solve discrete equation.The key concept of finite element analysis (FEA) solves after replacing challenge by better simply problem again.It is regarded as and is called that the little interconnection subdomain of finite element forms by solving territory by many, suitable (better simply) approximate solution is supposed to each unit, what then this territory of Derivation was total satisfies condition (equilibrium condition as structure), thus obtains the solution of problem.Because most of practical problems is difficult to obtain Exact Solutions, and finite element not only computational accuracy is high, and various complicated shape can be adapted to, thus become effective engineering analysis means.In recent years, the range of application of finite element method has increased significantly, and expands to space problem, plate shell problem by the plane problem of simple elasticity mechanics, expands to stability problem, dynamics problem and fluctuation problem by static problem; Analytic target expands to plasticity, visco-plasticity and compound substance from resilient material, expands to the continuum mechanics fields such as fluid mechanics, thermal conduction study, electromagnetics from solid mechanics.Finite element technique more and more comes into one's own in every profession and trades such as aviation, machinery, automobile, bridges, adopt finite element method, dead load can not only be alleviated, optimize part shape, reduce material consumption, improve the quality of products and performance, and can greatly shorten the product design cycle, reduce the making of test specimen, reduce costs.
When carrying out finite element analysis, usually need connecting relation between correct simulation two parts.And bolt-connection is most widely used a kind of connecting mode in engineering structure.Bolt-connection is with its simple structure, production and be easy for installationly widely used in modern industry, and namely it be tradition, simply connect instrument, is again the parts played a crucial role in modern machines equipment.Particularly high-strength bolt connection has the advantages such as endurance, carrying is large, replaceable, joint stiffness are good, is often used to the significant points of machine.Bolt-connection, in most practical application, relies on bolt, friction force between nut and connected compcnent faying face to transmit transverse force, does not therefore allow to produce gap between composition surface, and the effect of namely carrying outside between composition surface is lower will ensure certain residual pre-tightening forces.Residual pre-tightening forces is with joint material, structure and initially pretightning force is relevant, and initial pretightning force is the key factor affecting bolt arrangement trouble free service.Bolt pretightening is exactly in stubborn bolt process, produces, along the pretightning force of bolt direction of axis line due to screw-down torque effect between bolt and connected compcnent.For a specific bolt, the size of its pretightning force and the friction force between the screw-down torque of bolt, bolts and nuts, friction force between nut and connected compcnent are relevant.The pretightning force of thread connector is to ensure that threaded fastener is not separated at work, simultaneously proof strength and requirement in serviceable life.Strengthen pretightning force and can ensure connecting piece tight ness rating.But, connecting piece can not be allowed to damage in pretension process; Meanwhile, connecting piece also to be prevented in use to damage; That is, serviceable life can not be affected.The pretightning force size that standard thread connects can be found from some Engineering Design Manuals.But, these data, mostly based on traditional analytic method and test, lack the understanding that double thread connects internal stress state, especially cannot determine the maximum stress of thread root region of stress concentration, therefore, cannot double thread connect in pretightning force compare accurate optimization design.Find a kind of effective ways optimizing bolt pretightening, guarantee that bolt arrangement has suitable initial pretightning force, being the guarantee of its energy trouble free service, is also to comprising bolt connection structure, carries out the key that dynamic response analyzes correctness.
The method and system of this type of finite element analysis bolt pretightening is utilized in prior art, as the application number 200910165817.3 disclosed in Chinese patent literature, publication date on March 31st, 2010, denomination of invention " in finite element analysis, initializing bolt pretightning force improves one's methods and system "; The method uses the beam element in FEA model to be each bolt modeling.In order to the pretightning force of expectation is applied to one or more bolt, define at least one pretightning force reduced time curve, every bar pretightning force reduced time curve comprises ramp portion, expects pretightning force part and optionally unloading part.Ramp portion is started from scratch, and reaches the pretightning force of expectation in completely linear mode, is therefore arranged to, with less increment, the pretightning force of expectation is applied to bolt gradually.Expect that pretightning force part is arranged to and guarantee that the pretightning force (a series of quasi-static analysis) in initialized process expected is applied on beam element by actual.Because the method is by the impact of distortion of beam, therefore the method does not relate to needs and repeats to determine that axial stress strains with the method obtaining pretightning force.Because said method and system be not to the calculating of optimum preload, the more difficult optimization realizing bolt arrangement, and for the design of bolt arrangement.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned deficiency, the object of the invention is a kind of method that finite element optimization bolt pretightening and bolt arrangement design are provided to this area, make it solve the inconvenience of existing finite element optimization bolt pretightening and the more difficult technical matters for bolt arrangement optimal design.Its objective is and be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A method for finite element optimization bolt pretightening, the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model that the method is set up mainly through finite element software in computing machine, is optimized and dynamic response analysis the pretightning force of bolt arrangement; It is characterized in that the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), by described finite element software, input parameter and the material properties of element in described bolt arrangement, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, set up the described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model of two dimension and two-dimensional symmetric;
2), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, apply pretightning force to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with pretightning force change curve L;
3), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, apply external force to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with external force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with external force change curve K;
4), the described bolt arrangement finite element analysis model change curve L that stress slightly increases under the threaded interior pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, described bolt arrangement threaded interior stress trend overlap; Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model goes out best Resultant force Kp, maximum effective pretightning force of described bolt arrangement that the stress of this point is corresponding and the value of making a concerted effort of corresponding maximum functional external force by automatic calculation in the cycle calculations that progressively applies external force F and pretightning force Pn; Then show that the surface of contact of described bolt arrangement is in the non-released state close to being separated, pretightning force is now optimum value.
In the method step of above-mentioned finite element optimization bolt pretightening, the element of described bolt arrangement comprises nut, bolt, connected compcnent, in described bolt arrangement, the parameter of element and material properties comprise elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, yield limit, strength degree, extensibility, the non-linear factor of described bolt connection structure comprises contact, friction, pretension factor, and described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model comprises non-linear friction between nut with screw thread, between nut with connected compcnent and contacts right foundation; In bolt arrangement described above, the parameter of element and material properties, the non-linear factor of described bolt connection structure, described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model include but are not limited to foregoing, also comprise the apparent technology contents of those skilled in the art.Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model is the axisymmetric intelligence two dimension of variable element and two-dimensional symmetric model, and described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model creates the force diagram of at least one linear elasticity and Nonlinear and crossing.
Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model creates a system that can reset, and is implemented step by step the external force F of load step-length by this system, carries out quasi-static analysis to structure.Also or, described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model creates a system that can reset, and is implemented step by step the pretightning force Pn of load step-length by this system, carries out quasi-static analysis to structure.Above-mentioned both simultaneously or create separately.
Simultaneously, according to the method for above-mentioned finite element optimization bolt pretightening, with described bolt parametrization structure for basic point, according to the maximum bear external force requirement of bolt arrangement, backwards calculation goes out described bolt arrangement and reaches required pretightning force when requiring, the optimum parameter value of element material attribute and optimization structure design in described bolt arrangement.The method of its bolt arrangement design is specific as follows: the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model that the method is set up mainly through finite element software in computing machine, is optimized, dynamic response analysis and the optimal design to bolt arrangement to the pretightning force of bolt arrangement.Its designing points is that the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), by described finite element software, input parameter and the material properties of element in described bolt arrangement, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, set up the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model of two dimension and two-dimensional symmetric;
2), initial external force F is applied in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model
0, apply external force to actual maximum functional external force value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with external force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with external force change curve K;
3), by described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, convert the geometric parameter of element in described bolt arrangement, non-geometric parameter and material properties, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, converts out the bolt arrangement design and corresponding finite element analysis model that reach the requirement of maximum functional external force;
4), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, pretightning force is applied to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with pretightning force change curve L, and obtain the optimum preload of actual maximum functional external force;
5), the threaded interior maximum stress of described bolt arrangement slightly increases with external force, progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, the threaded interior stress trend of described bolt arrangement overlaps, namely in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model cycle calculations, automatic calculation goes out best Resultant force Kp, then show that the surface of contact of described bolt arrangement is in the non-released state close to being separated, pretightning force is now optimum value;
6) the pretightning force optimum value, according to above-mentioned steps calculated, backwards calculation goes out described bolt arrangement and reaches required pretightning force when requiring, the optimum parameter value of element and material properties and structural design in described bolt arrangement.
Bolt pretightening numerical optimization of the present invention is feasible, accuracy, good reliability, and degree of accuracy is high, analyzes, calculates fast; It both can be used for optimizing bolt connection structure pretightning force, also can be used for the structure dynamic response analysis to comprising bolt connection structure, improved the accuracy and reliability analyzed; Be applicable to the numerical optimization of bolt pretightening in the industries such as aviation, machinery, automobile, bridge, ex hoc genus anne product structure improve.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is bolt arrangement coupled situation force structure schematic diagram of the present invention, and in figure, F is external force direction, and P is pretightning force direction.
Fig. 2 is that maximum stress of the present invention is with external force change curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is pretightning force of the present invention and stress changing curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the change curve schematic diagram under pretightning force of the present invention and external force acting in conjunction.
Figure number and title: 1, nut, 2, bolt, 3, connected compcnent.
Embodiment
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings, namely as shown in Figure 1 to 4, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, object of the present invention, feature and advantage are described.The method of this finite element optimization bolt pretightening mainly comprises the following steps.
One, bolt connection structure finite element analysis model is set up.
The present invention consider the geometric properties of screw thread spin line and assembly connect in complicated non-linear factor, refinement is carried out to three-dimensional spiral helicitic texture, under the condition of not loss of accuracy, is simplified to two-dimensional symmetric problem; Meanwhile, double thread contact and region of stress concentration unit carry out local refinement, and to obtain stress state more accurately, institute builds bolt connection structure finite element analysis model as shown in Figure 1.
1) computing machine and finite element software is utilized, input parameter and the material properties of the element such as bolt, nut, connected compcnent in described bolt arrangement, described parameter and material properties are as elastic modulus E, Poisson ratio μ, yieldlimitσs, strength degree σ b and extensibility δ etc.; The multi-non-linear factor such as contact, friction, pretension factor of comprehensive described bolt connection structure, set up the described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model of two dimension and two-dimensional symmetric, described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model is the axisymmetric intelligence two dimension of variable element and two-dimensional symmetric model.
Two, judgement reference curve K and the optimum pretightning force of finding out pretightning force optimum value judge.
General thought is without under pretightning force state, loads external force, obtain threaded interior maximum stress with external force change curve K by substep, as shown in Figure 2 to 4, with maximum stress with the correlation curve of external force change curve K for judgement optimum preload.Specific as follows:
1), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, pretightning force is applied to maximal value by substep, namely by loading the pretightning force Pn(i=1 progressively applied step by step, 2 ... n), investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, obtain N bar maximum stress with pretightning force change curve L.
2), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, external force is applied to maximal value by substep, namely load progressively externally applied forces F by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with external force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with external force change curve K.
3) the change curve L that under the threaded interior pretightning force of, bolt connection structure described in described bolt arrangement finite element model, stress slightly increases, progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, the threaded interior stress trend of described bolt arrangement overlaps, namely set pretightning force load step increment △ P, then circulation increases pretightning force to Pn=P
0+ △ P × n, applies revised pretightning force P, re-starts to analyze to judge bolt arrangement.If still do not reach optimum value, then continue to revise pretightning force, described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model automatic calculation in cycle calculations goes out best Resultant force Kp, maximum effective pretightning force of the corresponding described bolt arrangement of stress of this point and the value of making a concerted effort of corresponding maximum functional external force; Then show that the surface of contact of described bolt arrangement is in critical non-released state, pretightning force is now optimum value.
In above-mentioned implementation step, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
1, finite element analysis software is utilized to set up bolt connection structure two dimension and two-dimensional axial symmetric model of mind;
2, under initial pretightning force, substep applies external force, the threaded interior maximum stress obtaining bolt arrangement with external force change curve K, using the Critical curve arranging maximum stress and optimize as pretightning force with external force change curve K.
The criterion of above-mentioned optimum preload is specific as follows:
A, when pretightning force is too small, the threaded interior maximum stress of bolt arrangement first slightly increases with external force; Progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, along maximum stress with external force change curve K slope rise, now the surface of contact of connected compcnent is in released state, bolt arrangement loosen, can not effectively work on.
B, when pretightning force is excessive, the threaded interior maximum stress of bolt arrangement meets or exceeds Materials Yield Limit; Now, though external force can not change the threaded interior maximum stress value of bolt arrangement, but surrender is continuing to increase, and therefore extremely affects serviceable life.
Can draw the following conclusions in conjunction with above-mentioned A and B: when pretightning force and external force all reach the maximal value of structural safety and useful life, the surface of contact of connected compcnent is in and is about to be separated and be not yet separated, and pretightning force is now optimum value.
3, by constantly revising pretightning force size, intensity of optimizing structure size, the quasi-static analysis of bolt arrangement is carried out in circulation, until obtain optimum preload.
4, above-mentioned same method can be used to determine optimum preload for rectangle or odd-pitch screw.
In sum, the present invention is by setting up two-dimensional axial symmetric intelligent analytical model, as long as revising corresponding geometric parameter and load working condition for rectangle and odd-pitch screw when applying, being applicable to the determination of all bolt connection structure optimum preloads, there is versatility.Its core is to search out the standard that judges pretightning force optimum, carrying out the calculating of repetition, finally determining the optimum value of pretightning force by repeatedly arranging pretightning force.Enforcement can specify the stress state of thread joined structure inside, determines the optimum preload of bolt connection structure fast, and to forming product design standard fast, the design and analysis of engineering structure and check have important reference significance.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are: first, overcome conventional analytic method and to ignore in nonlinear effect in joint between axial force and axial strain, joint residual pre-tightening forces with the nonlinearities change effect of external force, and lack the understanding of double thread connection internal stress state, the defects such as the maximum stress of thread root region of stress concentration cannot be determined; Secondly, existing research is set up two-dimensional finite element model and is replaced three-dimensional finite element model ignore the impact of lead angle and utilize series of standards thread to replace the deficiency of continuous thread, the method of this simplification modeling can not true reflect structure feature, and therefore, its analysis result is also had a greatly reduced quality.Instant invention overcomes due to the complicacy of threaded portion geometric configuration cannot the shortcoming of Accurate Model, has taken into full account the rubbing contact relation between the geometric properties of helicitic texture and each assembly faying face.Therefore, the present invention has more reliability and pinpoint accuracy, has great using value and economic worth to the bolt-connection design of the vitals such as bridge bolt connection, aviation field, field of automobile safety, engineering mechanical device, railway locomotive.
Claims (2)
1. a method for finite element optimization bolt pretightening, the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model that the method is set up mainly through finite element software in computing machine, is optimized and dynamic response analysis the pretightning force of bolt arrangement;
The element of described bolt arrangement comprises nut (1), bolt (2), connected compcnent (3);
In described bolt arrangement, the parameter of element and material properties comprise elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, yield limit, strength degree, extensibility;
The non-linear factor of described bolt connection structure comprises contact, friction, pretension factor;
Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model comprises non-linear friction between nut with screw thread, between nut with connected compcnent and contacts right foundation;
Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model is the axisymmetric intelligence two dimension of variable element and two-dimensional symmetric model;
It is characterized in that the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), by described finite element software, input parameter and the material properties of element in described bolt arrangement, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, set up the described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model of two dimension and two-dimensional symmetric;
2), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, apply pretightning force to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with pretightning force change curve L;
3), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, apply external force to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with external force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with external force change curve K;
4), the described bolt arrangement finite element analysis model change curve L that stress slightly increases under the threaded interior pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, described bolt arrangement threaded interior stress trend overlap; Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model goes out best Resultant force Kp, maximum effective pretightning force of described bolt arrangement that the stress of this point is corresponding and the value of making a concerted effort of corresponding maximum functional external force by automatic calculation in the cycle calculations that progressively applies external force F and pretightning force Pn; Then show that the surface of contact of described bolt arrangement is in the non-released state close to being separated, pretightning force is now optimum value;
Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model creates the force diagram of at least one linear elasticity and Nonlinear and crossing;
Described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model creates a system that can reset, and is implemented step by step external force F or the pretightning force Pn of load step-length, carry out quasi-static analysis to structure by this system.
2. one kind utilizes the bolt arrangement method for designing of the method for finite element optimization bolt pretightening as claimed in claim 1, the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model that the method is set up mainly through finite element software in computing machine, is optimized the pretightning force of bolt arrangement, dynamic response analysis and the optimal design to bolt arrangement; It is characterized in that the method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), by described finite element software, input parameter and the material properties of element in described bolt arrangement, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, set up the bolt connection structure finite element analysis model of two dimension and two-dimensional symmetric;
2), initial external force F is applied in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model
0, apply external force to actual maximum functional external force value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with external force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with external force change curve K;
3), by described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, convert the geometric parameter of element in described bolt arrangement, non-geometric parameter and material properties, the non-linear factor relation of comprehensive described bolt arrangement, converts out the bolt arrangement design and corresponding finite element analysis model that reach the requirement of maximum functional external force;
4), in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model, pretightning force is applied to maximal value by substep, investigate the Changing Pattern of threaded interior stress with pretightning force of described bolt arrangement, obtain maximum stress with pretightning force change curve L, and obtain the optimum preload of actual maximum functional external force;
5), the threaded interior maximum stress of described bolt arrangement slightly increases with external force, progressively close to maximum stress with external force change curve K time, the threaded interior stress trend of described bolt arrangement overlaps, namely in described bolt connection structure finite element analysis model cycle calculations, automatic calculation goes out best Resultant force Kp, then show that the surface of contact of described bolt arrangement is in the non-released state close to being separated, pretightning force is now optimum value;
6) the pretightning force optimum value, according to above-mentioned steps calculated, backwards calculation goes out described bolt arrangement and reaches required pretightning force when requiring, the optimum parameter value of element and material properties and structural design in described bolt arrangement.
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| 基于3D有限元模拟的螺栓接头变形-内力关系及在设计中的应用;尹益辉 等;《机械强度》;20080630;947-952 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106682291A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-17 | 西安交通大学 | Method of shape design for optimizing contact pressure distribution of junction surfaces between bolt connecting pieces |
| CN106682291B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-12-20 | 西安交通大学 | Shape design method for optimizing contact pressure distribution of joint surface of bolt connecting piece |
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| CN102831263A (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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