The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable
Technical field
The present invention relates to polymeric material field, particularly relate to the ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable.
Background technology
Macromolecular material is vulnerable to the effect of light oxygen under light illumination, absorb luminous energy (being mainly ultraviolet luminous energy) and light-initiated chain-breaking reaction and free-radical oxidn chain-breaking reaction occur, macroscopically, this process can cause macromolecular material to turn to be yellow, become fragile, and finally loses efficacy because of be full of cracks.Outdoor plastics goods especially need consideration to utilize ultraviolet shielded preventing to degrade.
But the ultraviolet shielded film of existing major part is applied by melt blending or organic solvent dissolution and obtained substantially.Wherein, melt blending needs special Banbury mixer or two/singe screw melt blending machine, needs polymer to be heated to semi-melting or molten state in the course of processing, and facility investment is comparatively large, power consumption is higher; And conventional organic solvent dissolution cladding process, the organic solvent used has strong impulse smell, environment is had to considerable influence, long period after coating still can volatilize a small amount of small solvent molecule, unfavorable to HUMAN HEALTH.
Such as, application publication number is that the application for a patent for invention document of CN103951947A discloses a kind of uvioresistant PET film, be mixed with for absorbing the ultraviolet UV light absorber of different-waveband in the PET master batch of described PET film, described UV light absorber comprises the mixture of uv-absorbing agent A and uv-absorbing agent B, described uv-absorbing agent A is Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer, described UV light absorber B is hindered amines UV light absorber, described UV light absorber A is 50% ~ 80% of the weight of described UV light absorber B, the addition of described UV light absorber A and UV light absorber B accounts for 2.4% ~ 5.1% of the gross weight of described substrate layer.The wavelength that this invention PET film can intercept more than 98.0% is the ultraviolet of 290nm ~ 400nm, be, by adopting, UV light absorber is mixed post-heating melting with PET master batch, then membrane is shaped to the method acquisition of PET film.
Its principle of absorption of the uv-absorbing agent of inorganic materials mainly two kinds, one absorbs ultraviolet energy, and by its fault offset in other forms; The second directly carries out scattering to light.As the ultraviolet shielded protective membrane of polymer, absorb UV energy and be converted into other form energy, likely cause polymer protective film itself to be degraded, reduction of service life; And scattering is carried out to UV-light may directly cause visible light-transmissive performance not good, macroscopically cannot reach transparent effect.
Therefore, being necessary to prepare one can shielding ultraviolet rays, can keep again the perviousness of visible ray, and polymer base material can not be caused because of ultraviolet to produce the transparent violet external shield protective membrane of new generation of degraded.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, this polymeric membrane can not only shielding ultraviolet rays, and can keep the perviousness of visible ray, and avoids body material to degrade, and has higher ultraviolet shielding function.
The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, raw material comprises body material, uv-absorbing agent, antioxidant and solvent, and described uv-absorbing agent is metal oxide, and described raw material also comprises polynite, rectorite leng or both mixtures.
Polynite, rectorite leng are nano level layered silicate, usually used as the additive of macromolecular material industry, can improve the mechanical property of material, gas barrier property, can also improve materials processing rheological property.
According to the Rayleigh's law of scattering of light, for the particulate of particle diameter much smaller than wavelength, the scattering ratio longwave optical of short wavelength light is stronger, if blue light in sunlight is by the red light intensity more than ten times of the scattering ratio of tiny dust.Experiment finds, finely disseminated polynite, the rectorite leng UV-light shorter to wavelength has stronger scattering process, more weak to visible ray scattering.
Therefore, add polynite in polymeric membrane, rectorite leng can improve the scattering power of film to incident light, order is irradiated to the ultraviolet of film surface to all directions scattering, its UV-light being transmitted into film lower surface is reduced greatly, from whole structure, it is namely the ultraviolet shielded ability that improve film.
As preferably, described metal oxide is cerium oxide.Cerium oxide is as conductor oxidate, and the feature of its electronic structure is the conduction band that existence one is full of that the valence band of electronics and do not have electronics.Energy level difference between valence band and conduction band, is called energy gap.Because the energy gap of cerium oxide is less, the photon that energy Ratios energy gap is large will be absorbed, and the electronics of valence band is excited to conduction band, defines electron-hole pair.According to the energy gap of cerium oxide, the maximum absorption wavelength of cerium oxide can be calculated at about 400nm, and conventional metal oxide, as anatase titanium dioxide, the ultraviolet of zinc oxide to more than 380nm almost do not have receptivity.Therefore cerium dioxide is the widest to ultraviolet absorption region.
In addition; due to anatase titanium dioxide refractive index n=2.5; refractive index n=2.2 of zinc oxide; high specific refractory power usually can change the primary colours of material when these two kinds of metal oxides can be made to use as additive; and the optical index n=2.0 of cerium oxide; relatively low, thus its to the perviousness of visible ray than titanium dioxide and zinc oxide all strong.
Due to the electron-hole pair that the metal oxide semiconductor absorb photons such as cerium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide produce, electronics has reductibility, hole has oxidisability, the hydroxyl generation chemical reaction that hole can be adsorbed with oxide surface, generate hydroxyl radical free radical, these hydroxyl radical free radicals can by most Degradation of Polymer Materials.Therefore these oxide compounds have photocatalytic activity to a certain degree.
Compared to titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, the photocatalytic activity that cerium oxide causes because of absorption ultraviolet formation electron-hole pair is very low, because the band-gap energy of cerium oxide is less, photo-generate electron-hole recombination probability is large.Therefore cerium oxide can be used as preferred uv-absorbing agent.
Polynite, rectorite leng or both mixtures not only have stronger scattering process, to be added in cerium oxide can also accelerating oxidation cerium to ultraviolet absorption, and then improve polymeric membrane to ultraviolet shielding effect.
Further preferably, described cerium oxide is the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped.Due to Ce in cerium oxide lattice
4+radius be less than the positive ion critical radius that ligancy is the cube structure of 8, therefore Ce
4+be converted into Ce
3+with the trend of stable crystal structure.In the process, be keep electric neutrality, a part of Sauerstoffatom can be overflowed lattice, can form Lacking oxygen at crystals.The Sauerstoffatom of effusion has higher oxidation catalytic activity.In order to reduce this oxidation catalytic activity, in the stable mode through fluorine strontium codoped, the crystalline network of cerium oxide being modified, the radius ratio of cerium oxide lattice cationic and negatively charged ion can be increased, making it close to 8 stable coordination structures, reducing Ce
4+be converted into Ce
3+trend.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide of described fluorine strontium codoped comprises: strontium nitrate and cerous nitrate solution are mixed with the carbonic acid soln of fluorinated ammonium, and mixed solution, after ageing, filtration, drying and roasting, obtains the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped; In mixed solution, the mass percent of described strontium nitrate is 6.0 ~ 8.0%, and the mass percent of described cerous nitrate is 90.0 ~ 92.0%, and the mass percent of described Neutral ammonium fluoride is 1.5 ~ 2.0%.
Particularly, the modifying process of cerium oxide is: be dissolved in by strontium nitrate in cerous nitrate solution, obtains strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution; Again Neutral ammonium fluoride is dissolved in sal volatile, obtains ammonium solution; Finally, by strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution instillation ammonium solution, stirring, ageing, filtration, washing, drying and roasting, obtain the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped.
As preferably, the time of described ageing is 10 ~ 36 hours; Dry temperature is 100 DEG C, and the time is 5 ~ 12 hours; The temperature of roasting is 800 ~ 1200 DEG C.
More preferably, in the cerium oxide preparation process of described fluorine strontium codoped, the mass percent of starting material strontium nitrate is 7.0%, and the mass percent of Neutral ammonium fluoride is 1.8%, and the mass percent of cerous nitrate is 91.2%.
Particularly, described body material is polyvinyl alcohol.
Antioxidant can the Direct Acquisition body material free radical that may generate because of uv irradiation itself, thus reduces the deterioration that mechanical property and optical property occur because of photodegradation body material.As preferably, described antioxidant is at least one in 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenols, pentanoic and three monooctyl esters.
Particularly, described solvent is water.
Above-mentioned polymeric membrane can with the form Individual existence of sheet film, or is made into film-casting liquid and is directly coated on the plastic body or sheet glass matrix that need protect and forms protective layer.
The process for preparation of above-mentioned film-casting liquid is: by body material and solvent, and fully stir, and body material is dissolved completely; Anti ultraviolet agent, antioxidant are added in the solution of body material, ultrasonication solution, make anti ultraviolet agent, antioxidant is well-dispersed in solution, obtain the film-casting liquid mixed.
As preferably, the temperature in matrix dissolves process is 70 ~ 96 DEG C, and churning time is 5 ~ 60 minutes; Ultrasonic treatment time is 5 ~ 20 minutes.Supersound process can make solution medium ultraviolet absorption agent, antioxidant disperses more even in the solution.
For above-mentioned film-casting liquid, can be coated on sheet glass matrix or plastics equably by scraper by film-casting liquid, coating thickness is 100 ~ 300 μm of the bests; After coating, be placed on the oven dry of thermal source place or naturally volatilize and dry, the sheet glass or the plastic product that are coated with polymeric membrane can be obtained.The temperature of above-mentioned oven dry is 20 ~ 70 DEG C, and the aqueous solvent in the liquid film after coating is gone out by evaporation.
As preferably, with parts by weight, the raw material of described polymeric membrane comprises:
More preferably, with parts by weight, the raw material of described polymeric membrane comprises:
Further preferably, with parts by weight, the raw material of described polymeric membrane comprises:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is using metal oxide as uv-absorbing agent; and coordinate polynite, rectorite leng or both mixtures to prepare the ultraviolet polymeric membrane of maskable; make this polymeric membrane on the basis keeping visible ray permeability; improve the screening ability of UV-light, the transparent violet external shield protective membrane that the ultraviolet shielded ability of new generationly that becomes is strong.
(2) preparation technology of polymeric membrane of the present invention is simple, does not relate to any organic solvent, and the equal environment-protecting asepsis of all material, be suitable for the use in the fields such as household fixtures.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure of the polymeric membrane of Fig. 1 obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 4;
Wherein, 1: embodiment 1; 2: embodiment 2; 3: embodiment 3; 4: embodiment 4.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of film-casting liquid: get polyvinyl alcohol 20g, cerium oxide 0.2g, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenol 0.02g, water 79.78g; Polyvinyl alcohol is mixed with 90 DEG C of hot water, and fully stirs 10 minutes, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely; Cerium oxide, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenols are joined in polyvinyl alcohol solution, utilizes ultrasonic wave to solution-treated 5 minutes, make cerium oxide, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenols are well-dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol solution, and continue to stir half an hour, obtain the film-casting liquid mixed;
(2) coating of coating: utilize scraper, is evenly coated on film-casting liquid on sheet glass matrix, and coating thickness is 200 μm;
(3) polymeric membrane is volatilized naturally dry, namely obtain ultraviolet shielded polymeric membrane.
Polymeric membrane obtained by the present embodiment at room temperature utilizes uv-vis spectra to detect.Detected result is as shown in curve in Fig. 11.Result shows, and the basic transmission in visible region, ultraviolet region wave band has certain shield effectiveness.
Embodiment 2
The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of modified oxidized cerium: get the cerous nitrate solution that cerous nitrate 9.12g is made into 0.01mol/L, be dissolved in cerous nitrate solution by strontium nitrate 0.7g, obtains strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A after stirring and dissolving; It is that in 0.01mol/L sal volatile, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B that the Neutral ammonium fluoride taking 0.18g is dissolved in concentration; By strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A constant speed instillation solution B, stir also ageing 12 hours; By gained slurry suction filtration, deionized water wash, at 100 DEG C, drying 10 hours, namely obtains the cerium oxide powder of fluorine strontium codoped after 1000 DEG C of roastings.
(2) preparation of film-casting liquid: get polyvinyl alcohol 20g, the cerium oxide 0.2g of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite 0.1g, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenol 0.02g, water 79.68g; Polyvinyl alcohol is mixed with 90 DEG C of hot water, and fully stirs 10 minutes, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely; By the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenols join in polyvinyl alcohol solution, utilize ultrasonic wave to solution-treated 5 minutes, make the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite, 2,6-tri-grades of butyl-4 methylphenols are well-dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol solution, and continue to stir half an hour, obtain the film-casting liquid mixed;
(3) coating of coating: utilize scraper, is evenly coated on film-casting liquid on plastics, and coating thickness is 200 μm;
(4) polymeric membrane is volatilized naturally dry, namely obtain ultraviolet shielded polymeric membrane.
Polymeric membrane obtained by the present embodiment at room temperature utilizes uv-vis spectra to detect.Detected result is as shown in Fig. 1 curve 2.Result shows, the basic transmission in visible region, and the shield effectiveness of ultraviolet region wave band comparatively example 1 strengthens to some extent, but ultraviolet absorption edge blue shift to some extent.
Embodiment 3
The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of modified oxidized cerium: get the cerous nitrate solution that cerous nitrate 9.12g is made into 0.01mol/L, be dissolved in cerous nitrate solution by strontium nitrate 0.7g, obtains strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A after stirring and dissolving; It is that in 0.01mol/L sal volatile, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B that the Neutral ammonium fluoride taking 0.18g is dissolved in concentration; Strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A constant speed instillation solution B, stirs also ageing 12 hours; By gained slurry suction filtration, deionized water wash, at 100 DEG C, drying 10 hours, namely obtains the cerium oxide powder of fluorine strontium codoped after 1000 DEG C of roastings.
(2) preparation of film-casting liquid: get polyvinyl alcohol 20g, the cerium oxide 0.2g of fluorine strontium codoped, rectorite leng 0.1g, three monooctyl ester 0.05g, water 76.95g; Polyvinyl alcohol is mixed with 95 DEG C of hot water, and fully stirs 5 minutes, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely; The cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, rectorite leng, three monooctyl esters are joined in polyvinyl alcohol solution, utilize ultrasonic wave to solution-treated 5 minutes, make the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, rectorite leng, three monooctyl esters are well-dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol solution, and continue to stir half an hour, obtain the film-casting liquid mixed;
(3) coating of coating: utilize scraper, is evenly coated on film-casting liquid on plastics, and coating thickness is 100 μm;
(4) polymeric membrane is volatilized naturally dry, namely obtain ultraviolet shielded polymeric membrane.
Polymeric membrane obtained by the present embodiment at room temperature utilizes uv-vis spectra to detect.Detected result is as shown in Fig. 1 curve 3.Result shows, and the basic transmission in visible region, ultraviolet shielded ABSORPTION EDGE reaches 400nm.
Embodiment 4
The ultraviolet polymeric membrane of a kind of maskable, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of modified oxidized cerium: get the cerous nitrate solution that cerous nitrate 9.12g is made into 0.01mol/L, be dissolved in cerous nitrate solution by strontium nitrate 0.7g, obtains strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A after stirring and dissolving; It is that in 0.01mol/L sal volatile, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B that the Neutral ammonium fluoride taking 0.18g is dissolved in concentration; Strontium cerium metal Ar ion mixing solution A constant speed instillation solution B, stirs also ageing 12 hours; By gained slurry suction filtration, deionized water wash, at 100 DEG C, drying 10 hours, namely obtains the cerium oxide powder of fluorine strontium codoped after 1000 DEG C of roastings.
(2) preparation of film-casting liquid: get polyvinyl alcohol 25g, the cerium oxide 0.5g of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite 0.1g, rectorite leng 0.1g, three monooctyl ester 0.05g, water 67.95g; Polyvinyl alcohol is mixed with 95 DEG C of hot water, and fully stirs 5 minutes, polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved completely; The cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite, rectorite leng, three monooctyl esters are joined in polyvinyl alcohol solution, utilize ultrasonic wave to solution-treated 5 minutes, the cerium oxide of fluorine strontium codoped, polynite, rectorite leng, three monooctyl esters are made to be well-dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol solution, and continue to stir half an hour, obtain the film-casting liquid mixed;
(3) coating of coating: utilize scraper, is evenly coated on film-casting liquid on sheet glass matrix, and coating thickness is 100 μm;
(4) polymeric membrane thermal source is dried, namely obtain ultraviolet shielded polymeric membrane.
Polymeric membrane obtained by the present embodiment at room temperature utilizes uv-vis spectra to detect.Detected result is as shown in Fig. 1 curve 4.Result shows, and the basic transmission in visible region, the absorption of ultraviolet band reaches more than 80%, and ABSORPTION EDGE also reaches 400nm.