CN105046590A - Method for carrying out expansion modeling and alarming on feeder automation function on basis of IEC61968CIM - Google Patents
Method for carrying out expansion modeling and alarming on feeder automation function on basis of IEC61968CIM Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105046590A CN105046590A CN201510520681.9A CN201510520681A CN105046590A CN 105046590 A CN105046590 A CN 105046590A CN 201510520681 A CN201510520681 A CN 201510520681A CN 105046590 A CN105046590 A CN 105046590A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- class
- power supply
- feeder automation
- interrupted district
- supply interrupted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for carrying out expansion modeling and alarming on a feeder automation function on basis of IEC61968 CIM. According to the method, based on the IEC61968 CIM standard, according to the practical situation that after a fault is generated, a plurality of staged operations are sequentially carried out in the feeder automation to implement fault isolation and fault recovery, the feeder automation function is subjected to expansion modeling according to the actual stage and interoperation of a model and data and an alarming function are implemented according to an expansion modeling result. By carrying out expansion modeling on the feeder automation function, on one hand, the method is convenient for information interaction and model interoperation and informatization and automation levels of a power distribution automatic system are improved; and on the other hand, information included by the feeder automation function is expanded and the method is convenient to carry out lean management on the feeder automation function and improve practicality of the alarming function.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distribution network engineering technical field, relate to a kind of method carrying out expanding modeling and alarm based on IEC61968CIM to feeder automation function.
Background technology
CIM is the abbreviation of CommonInformationModel (common information model), and it represents by a kind of public object class and attribute and the relation between them all main objects (comprising electric power enterprise) in enterprise operation.Also define a kind of common language based on xml (i.e. syntax and semantics), be used for representing concrete data instance, make application or system can process the real data object utilizing CIM to describe.Technical committee of International Electrotechnical Commission the 57th (IECTC57) has formulated IEC61970 and IEC61968 standard, the CIM of the most object of these standards definition electric system.Wherein IEC61970-301 mainly stresses the major equipment model describing generating, transmission of electricity, field of power transformation.IEC61968-11 is on the basis of IEC61970-301, and emphasis describes the correlation model of field of power distribution, is mainly concerned with the aspects such as distribution production, marketing, metering, load management.IEC61968CIM is information and the model criteria of required foundation when carrying out information sharing and information interaction between each system of power supply enterprise.
At present, in distribution feeder automation function modeling and information interactive process, there are the following problems:
(1) distribution information carries out modeling based on IEC61968, in IEC61968-11, the model of the process caused power failure for fault describes too abstract, the treatment scheme of domestic feeder automation could not be embodied, be unfavorable for carrying out fine-grained management to feeder automation function and share feeder automation function execution result in multiple system;
(2) feeder automation is the critical function of power distribution automation, lack method feeder automation being carried out expanding modeling and alarm at present, the standardization of message exchange and the practicality of interoperability horizontality and alarm function when have impact on feeder automation function management and evaluate.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the model at present for feeder automation function in IEC61968-11 describes too abstract, lack and effectively expand modeling method, be unfavorable for carrying out fine-grained management and information sharing to feeder automation function, affect the standardization of message exchange and the practicality of interoperability horizontality and alarm function.
Based on IEC61968CIM, the method expanding modeling and alarm is carried out to feeder automation function, comprises following step:
Step 1: feeder automation Function Extension model;
The class set up comprises following a few class:
Characterize the fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class of distribution network failure processing procedure;
The fault isolation IsolationPlan class of localization of fault result and fault isolation schemes is described;
The upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class of upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
The downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class of downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
Step 2: arrange feeder automation function all kinds of between relation;
Adopt and inherit and incidence relation, the relation between feeder automation Function Extension class and between feeder automation Function Extension class and standard C IM class is set:
Power failure Outage class, fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class in fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class association standard C IM class;
Fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class all inherit the sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in standard C IM class;
Step 3: attribute is added to the class that step 1 is set up, comprises Property Name, attribute codes and data type;
The attribute that fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class is added comprises following:
The FaultTime that moment occurs fault is described, the IsolationTime in isolation scheme complete moment is described, describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district power supply trouble has recovered the moment;
The data type of FaultTime, IsolationTime, UpstreamRestorationTime, DownstreamRestorationTime is DateTime type;
The attribute that fault isolation IsolationPlan class is added is the IsolationTime attribute describing the isolation scheme complete moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type.
What utilize described extended model realizes a feeder automation alarm method, based on above-mentioned feeder automation extended model, obtains model data file; The example information of each extension class in reading database file, and the example information of sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in combined standard CIM class, generate feeder automation warning information.
Described feeder automation warning information comprises general overview, fault isolation, upstream service restoration and downstream service restoration information;
Wherein, described general overview information comprise by FaultTime attribute description fault occur the moment, IsolationTime attribute description the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration that fault isolation completes the moment, the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration of UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes moment and DownstreamRestorationTime attribute description complete the moment;
Described fault isolation information comprise inherit in SwitchingPlan class the fault isolation sequence of operation and completed by the fault isolation of IsolationTime attribute description time the moment;
Described upstream service restoration information comprises inherits the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment;
Described downstream service restoration information comprises inherits the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment.
According to electrical power distribution automatization system, feeder automation function is effectively managed, realize feeder automation function execution result and the heterogeneous system such as Outage Management Systems and customer service system in electrical power distribution automatization system and carry out information sharing, improve the automatization level of information interaction and interoperability and realize the actual demand of fault handling information alarm, based on IEC61968CIM standard, necessary expansion is carried out to the information model of feeder automation function, and realize alarm function according to extended model, raising system manages feeder automation function, the practicality of standardization when information sharing and information interaction and interoperability level and alarm function.
Beneficial effect
The present invention proposes a kind of method carrying out expanding modeling and alarm based on IEC61968CIM to feeder automation function, in order to realize carrying out fine-grained management to feeder automation function, improve standardization and the interoperability level of model, increase the practicality of alarm function, based on the CIM standard of IEC61968, after fault occurs, multiple stage operation is taked to realize the actual conditions of fault isolation and fault recovery successively according to feeder automation, according to actual stage, expansion modeling is carried out to feeder automation function, and according to the expansion result implementation model of modeling and the interoperability of data and alarm function.By carrying out expansion modeling to feeder automation function, being convenient to information interaction and model interoperability on the one hand, improving informationization and the automatization level of electrical power distribution automatization system; On the other hand, extend the information that feeder automation function comprises, be convenient to carry out lean management to feeder automation function and improve the practicality of alarm function.The content improvement that the present invention proposes carries out the standardization of modeling and management to feeder automation function, improve the automatization level of information interaction and interoperability, enhance the practicality of alarm function, significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the described feeder automation extended model set up based on IEC61968CIM standard;
Fig. 2 is the described process flow diagram realizing the alarm of feeder automation function based on extended model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Principle of work of the present invention is: set up extended model respectively based on IEC61968CIM standard, after fault occurs, multiple stage operation is taked to realize the actual conditions of fault isolation and fault recovery successively according to feeder automation, according to actual stage, expansion modeling is carried out to feeder automation function, and according to the expansion result implementation model of modeling and the interoperability of data and alarm function.
Be the feeder automation extended model set up based on IEC61968CIM standard disclosed by the invention as shown in Figure 1, accompanying drawing 2 is the process flow diagram realizing the alarm of feeder automation function based on extended model.
Based on IEC61968CIM, the method expanding modeling and alarm is carried out to feeder automation function, comprises following step:
Step 1: feeder automation Function Extension model;
The class set up comprises following a few class:
Characterize the fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class of distribution network failure processing procedure;
The fault isolation IsolationPlan class of localization of fault result and fault isolation schemes is described;
The upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class of upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
The downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class of downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
Step 2: arrange feeder automation function all kinds of between relation;
Adopt and inherit and incidence relation, arrange between feeder automation Function Extension class and relation before feeder automation Function Extension class and standard C IM class:
Power failure Outage class, fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class in fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class association standard C IM class;
Fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class all inherit the sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in standard C IM class;
Step 3: attribute is added to the class that step 1 is set up, comprises Property Name, attribute codes and data type;
More useful information can be recorded, the function of extension class by carrying out expansion to class.
The attribute that fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class is added comprises following:
The FaultTime that moment occurs fault is described, the IsolationTime in isolation scheme complete moment is described, describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district power supply trouble has recovered the moment;
The data type of FaultTime, IsolationTime, UpstreamRestorationTime, DownstreamRestorationTime is DateTime type;
The attribute that fault isolation IsolationPlan class is added is the IsolationTime attribute describing the isolation scheme complete moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type.
Realize a feeder automation alarm method based on above-mentioned extended model, based on above-mentioned feeder automation extended model, obtain model data file; The example information of each extension class in reading database file, and the example information of sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in combined standard CIM class, generate feeder automation warning information.
Described feeder automation warning information comprises general overview, fault isolation, upstream service restoration and downstream service restoration information;
Wherein, described general overview information comprise by FaultTime attribute description fault occur the moment, IsolationTime attribute description the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration that fault isolation completes the moment, the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration of UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes moment and DownstreamRestorationTime attribute description complete the moment;
Described fault isolation information comprise inherit in SwitchingPlan class the fault isolation sequence of operation and completed by the fault isolation of IsolationTime attribute description time the moment;
Described upstream service restoration information comprises inherits the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment;
Described downstream service restoration information comprises inherits the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment.
In current electrical power distribution automatization system, alarm is all single event alarm, lack the comprehensive warning that fault treating procedure is described in detail, the expansion modeling adopting this patent to propose and alarm method, effectively can improve model and exchanges data efficiency, and can realize carrying out complete and detailed alarm function to feeder automation course of action.This alarm method is convenient to yardman and is grasped feeder automation action situation and fault treating procedure fast, the information that feeder automation function comprises, and is convenient to carry out lean management to feeder automation function and improve the practicality of alarm function.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is only illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and nonrestrictive.Those skilled in the art is understood, and can carry out many changes in the spirit and scope that the claims in the present invention limit to it, amendment, even equivalence, but all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. based on IEC61968CIM, the method expanding modeling and alarm is carried out to feeder automation function, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:
Step 1: feeder automation Function Extension model;
The class set up comprises following a few class:
Characterize the fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class of distribution network failure processing procedure;
The fault isolation IsolationPlan class of localization of fault result and fault isolation schemes is described;
The upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class of upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
The downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class of downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration scheme after description fault isolation;
Step 2: arrange feeder automation function all kinds of between relation;
Adopt and inherit and incidence relation, the relation between feeder automation Function Extension class and between feeder automation Function Extension class and standard C IM class is set:
Power failure Outage class, fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class in fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class association standard C IM class;
Fault isolation IsolationPlan class, upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class and downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class all inherit the sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in standard C IM class;
Step 3: attribute is added to the class that step 1 is set up, comprises Property Name, attribute codes and data type;
The attribute that fault handling FaultIsolationRestoration class is added comprises following:
The FaultTime that moment occurs fault is described, the IsolationTime in isolation scheme complete moment is described, describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district power supply trouble has recovered the moment;
The data type of FaultTime, IsolationTime, UpstreamRestorationTime, DownstreamRestorationTime is DateTime type;
The attribute that fault isolation IsolationPlan class is added is the IsolationTime attribute describing the isolation scheme complete moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that upstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme UpstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the UpstreamRestorationTime that upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type;
The attribute that downstream power supply interrupted district recovery scheme DownstreamRestorationPlan class is added is describe the DownstreamRestorationTime that downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration completes the moment, and its data type is DateTime type.
2. what utilize extended model described in claim 1 realizes a feeder automation alarm method, it is characterized in that, based on the feeder automation extended model of claim 1, obtains model data file; The example information of each extension class in reading database file, and the example information of sequence of operation SwitchingPlan class in combined standard CIM class, generate feeder automation warning information.
3. according to claim 2 utilize extended model described in claim 1 realize feeder automation alarm method, it is characterized in that, described feeder automation warning information comprises general overview, fault isolation, upstream service restoration and downstream service restoration information;
Wherein, described general overview information comprise by FaultTime attribute description fault occur the moment, IsolationTime attribute description the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration that fault isolation completes the moment, the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration of UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes moment and DownstreamRestorationTime attribute description complete the moment;
Described fault isolation information comprise inherit in SwitchingPlan class the fault isolation sequence of operation and completed by the fault isolation of IsolationTime attribute description time the moment;
Described upstream service restoration information comprises inherits the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the upstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment;
Described downstream service restoration information comprises inherits the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration sequence of operation in SwitchingPlan class and the downstream power supply interrupted district service restoration by UpstreamRestorationTime attribute description completes the moment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510520681.9A CN105046590B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | A kind of method for being extended modeling and alarm to feeder automation function based on IEC61968CIM |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510520681.9A CN105046590B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | A kind of method for being extended modeling and alarm to feeder automation function based on IEC61968CIM |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105046590A true CN105046590A (en) | 2015-11-11 |
| CN105046590B CN105046590B (en) | 2018-06-29 |
Family
ID=54453113
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510520681.9A Active CN105046590B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | A kind of method for being extended modeling and alarm to feeder automation function based on IEC61968CIM |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105046590B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106203890A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Battalion based on CIM auxiliary tone integration data modeling method |
| CN107294070A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-24 | 上海电力学院 | Intelligent distributed system fault handling method based on in-situ protection logical device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102768705B (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 杭州市电力局 | IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) 61968-based power distribution network model interoperation and functional verification method |
| CN102880792B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-10-21 | 浙江省电力公司 | A kind of dynamic modelling method of the conventional substation based on IEC standard |
| CN103559042B (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2016-07-13 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of method setting up the Line Loss of Distribution Network System CIM based on IEC61970/61968 |
| CN104463499A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 湖南大学 | Power transmission and transformation equipment panoramic information modeling method based on CIM |
-
2015
- 2015-08-21 CN CN201510520681.9A patent/CN105046590B/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106203890A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Battalion based on CIM auxiliary tone integration data modeling method |
| CN106203890B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-13 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Battalion's auxiliary tone integration data modeling method based on CIM |
| CN107294070A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-24 | 上海电力学院 | Intelligent distributed system fault handling method based on in-situ protection logical device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105046590B (en) | 2018-06-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Amin | Challenges in reliability, security, efficiency, and resilience of energy infrastructure: Toward smart self-healing electric power grid | |
| Xu et al. | A decomposition-based practical approach to transient stability-constrained unit commitment | |
| Faza | A probabilistic model for estimating the effects of photovoltaic sources on the power systems reliability | |
| Pepyne et al. | Vulnerability assessment and allocation of protection resources in power systems | |
| CN102867079B (en) | Simple method and system for structuring and filing real-time running way of power grid | |
| CN105117532A (en) | Modeling method for intelligent substation secondary equipment interval information model | |
| CN102800033A (en) | Distribution production and marketing business integration system | |
| Talei et al. | Smart campus microgrid: Advantages and the main architectural components | |
| CN109062993A (en) | A kind of offline electric network fault Response project generation method and its device | |
| Portante et al. | Simulation of the september 8, 2011, san diego blackout | |
| CN103679545A (en) | Power distribution network reliability theoretical evaluation system | |
| Wang et al. | A novel index for assessing the robustness of integrated electrical network and a natural gas network | |
| WO2014012422A1 (en) | Method for building, storing and synchronizing main equipment model of hydroelectric power plant | |
| Ravadanegh et al. | Multi-infrastructure energy systems resiliency assessment in the presence of multi-hazards disasters | |
| Wei et al. | Review on resilience management of urban infrastructure system | |
| CN105046590A (en) | Method for carrying out expansion modeling and alarming on feeder automation function on basis of IEC61968CIM | |
| Vazinram et al. | Decentralised self‐healing model for gas and electricity distribution network | |
| CN107122834B (en) | Intelligent order dispatching system and method | |
| Zhou et al. | Power failure risk assessment and management based on stochastic line failures in distribution network including distributed generation | |
| CN103065267B (en) | Based on user collection marketing, production data share and integrated services method | |
| CN103226793A (en) | Combination method and system of electrical equipment state monitoring grid model data | |
| Birchfield | Graph decomposition for constructing blackstart restoration strategies in benchmark cases | |
| CN112286884A (en) | Method, system and medium for automatically generating topology of ring main unit of power distribution network | |
| Tang et al. | Multiple failure modes of compressor station incorporated into risk evaluation of electricity-gas integrated energy systems | |
| CN105262218A (en) | Smart grid electric power information safety monitoring system and method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |