CN105044181B - 一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极 - Google Patents
一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医疗辅助设备领域，具体是一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极，所述电极的基片上印制有三个电极，分别为一个金电极、一个碳电极和一个Ag/AgCl电极，各电极对应连接有一根电极引线；碳电极表面涂覆有一层敏感膜，该敏感膜是将质量体积百分数为0.01%～10%的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs——Multi‑walled carbon nanotubes）、0.01%～10%的多巴胺聚合物、0.01%～10%的β环糊精的混合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到。本发明的有益效果在于：解决了传感器稳定性、灵敏度和选择性不足的问题，并可测定5‑HT、NE、可的松、单胺递质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗辅助设备领域，具体是一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极。
背景技术
5-羟色胺是一种能产生愉悦情绪的信使，几乎影响到大脑活动的每一个方面：从调节情绪、精力、记忆力到塑造人生观。抗抑郁药如盐酸氟西汀就是通过提高脑内5-羟色胺水平而起作用的。5-羟色胺水平较低的人群更容易发生抑郁、冲动行为、酗酒、自杀、攻击及暴力行为。科学家们甚至通过改变实验动物脑内5-羟色胺的水平使他们更具有攻击性。
据研究显示，60岁与30岁的人相比，大脑中5-羟色胺特异受体的数目已减少了60%。由于5-羟色胺的效力下降，随年龄增长患抑郁症的可能性增加。另外，5-羟色胺还能增强记忆力，并能保护神经元免受“兴奋神经毒素”的损害，所以充足的5-羟色胺确实能在老化过程中防止脑损害发生。因此，对于心境障碍或抑郁患者，长期且稳定监控患者体内的5-羟色胺水平就显得十分必要。
去甲肾上腺素（NE）是肾上腺素去掉N-甲基后形成的物质，在化学结构上也属于儿茶酚胺，它既是一种神经递质，主要由交感节后神经元和脑内肾上腺素能神经末梢合成和分泌，是后者释放的主要递质，也是一种激素，由肾上腺髓质合成和分泌。某些抑郁的发生与儿茶酚胺，尤其是NE在重要脑区的绝对或相对缺乏有关，而躁狂则与儿茶酚胺过多有关。因此，连续监测心境障碍患者的NE水平有助于类似疾病的辅助诊断和治疗。
人体中存在着各种履行不同使命的激素。抑郁症及心理障碍的发病与体内可的松含量的变化密切相关。研究表明，在抑郁症患者身上，紧张荷尔蒙可的松明显长期超量，但却找不到外界的影响，只有在抑郁症改善之后，可的松的水平才相应下降。因此，对可的松水平的监测可有效了解病人的心理状况，提前做出诊断。
单胺递质是人体内重要的神经传递物质，它参与许多生命疾病过程，研究表明抑郁症、头痛、精神疾病等的发生与单胺水平有着密切关联。目前临床精神类疾病的诊断，主要根据病人的病史和临床表现，通过量表或心理诊断完成，如汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD），其准确率不高，易误诊。寻找快速，准确的单胺递质测定方法，能够实现临床快速检验，具有重要的医学意义。
现行5-HT、NE、可的松、单胺递质等大部分物质浓度测定方法主要为光谱法、高效液相色谱法、质谱法、核磁共振等，方法繁琐、样本需求量大、耗时长，基本无法用于临床诊断，也无法普及用于社区医院和家庭自主测定。因此，开发出高灵敏度、高选择性的测定多种物质的电化学传感器成为亟待解决的问题。
电分析方法具有灵敏度高、选择性好，响应时间短等优点被广泛应用于此类生命物质的直接检测。目前应用于微量元素测定的电极已有许多，多为柱状玻碳电极，成本高，多次使用后需要重新修饰，面临重现性问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极，其解决了传感器稳定性、灵敏度和选择性不足的问题，并可测定5-HT、NE、可的松、单胺递质。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明提供的方案是：一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极，所述电极的基片上印制有三个电极，分别为一个金电极、一个碳电极和一个Ag/AgCl电极，各电极对应连接有一根电极引线；碳电极表面涂覆有一层敏感膜，该敏感膜是将质量体积百分数为0.01%～10%的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs——Multi-walled carbonnanotubes）、0.01%～10%的多巴胺聚合物、0.01%～10%的β环糊精的混合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到。
而且，所述碳电极是由含有质量体积百分数为0.01%～10%的胶体金颗粒、0.01%～10%的Nafion的碳浆制得。
本发明还提供前述一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极的用途，其用于抑郁辅助诊断中，对生物样品中的5-HT（即5-hydroxytryptamine，中文名5-羟色胺，又名血清素）、NE（去甲肾上腺素）、可的松的测定，生物样品包括血液、唾液、头发。
本发明的有益效果在于：在碳电极表面覆盖的一层敏感膜，不仅可进一步加速电子传递及催化活性，提高该电极对微量元素的响应灵敏度，更有利于传感器的稳定保存，减少传感器之间的个体差异；采用的丝网印刷电极可实现批次制作，即用即抛，价格低廉，并且采样量少，样品无需复杂前处理，非常适用于临床、家庭方便、快捷检测。
附图说明
图1为本发明丝网印刷电极的结构示意图。
图2为本发明对5-HT（五羟色胺）的选择性响应图。
图3为本发明对可的松（cortisone）的选择性响应图。
图4为本发明对血样中NE（去甲肾上腺素）和5-HT（五羟色胺）和可的松（cortisone）选择性响应图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本实施例提供一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极，如图1所示，包括印制电极的基片1、碳电极2、金电极3、Ag/AgCl电极4和基片上印制的外部绝缘层6，各电极对应连接有一根电极引线5。
碳电极2表面涂覆有一层敏感膜，该敏感膜是将质量体积百分数为0.01%～10%的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs——Multi-walled carbon nanotubes）、0.01%～10%的多巴胺聚合物、0.01%～10%的β环糊精的混合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到。Nafion是阳离子交换剂的典型代表，溶于有机溶剂，浇铸在电极表面形成一层稳定的修饰膜。对有机阳离子的选择性特别高。
进一步的，上述碳电极是由含有质量体积百分数为0.01%～10%的胶体金颗粒、0.01%～10%的Nafion的碳浆制得。
本实施例还提供前述一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极的用途，其用于抑郁辅助诊断中，对生物样品中的5-HT（即5-hydroxytryptamine，中文名5-羟色胺，又名血清素）、NE（去甲肾上腺素）、可的松的测定，生物样品包括血液、唾液、头发。
实施例1：根据上述方法制作丝网印刷电极，制作碳电极制作碳电极（c）的碳浆中含有质量体积百分数为2%的胶体金颗粒和2%的Nafion。待印制的电极烘干后，于碳电极表面涂覆一层敏感膜，敏感膜由下法得到：将为质量体积百分数为4%多壁碳纳米管、0.5%多巴胺聚合物、0.1%β环糊精复合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
在pH 6.8~8.4生理缓冲液中，5-HT通过离子选择性膜可以选择性地到达传感器的敏感单元。本品发明对5-HT电子催化性能和离子聚合物膜的选择性富集作用有机结合起来，实现了5-HT高灵敏搞选择测定，如图2。
测定条件：测定介质0.1mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液（pH7.0），富集时间为5分钟。
测定方法：1）循环伏安法，电位扫描范围0.2～1.0V，扫描速度100mv/s；2）微分脉冲伏安法，电位扫描范围0.2～1.0V，参数设置：脉冲振幅0.05V；脉冲时间40ms，电位增量为0.004V。测定结果如图2所示。
结论：本发明可用于生物样本中5-HT的测定。
实施例2：根据上述方法制作丝网印刷电极，制作碳电极制作碳电极2的碳浆中含有质量体积百分数为6.5%的胶体金颗粒和5%的Nafion。待印制的电极烘干后，于碳电极表面涂覆一层敏感膜，敏感膜由下法得到：将质量体积百分数为2.5%多壁碳纳米管、2%多巴胺聚合物、0.5%β环糊精复合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
在pH 6.8~8.4生理缓冲液中，可的松通过离子选择性膜可以选择性地到达传感器的敏感单元。本品发明对可的松的电子催化性能和离子聚合物膜的选择性富集作用有机结合起来，实现了可的松的高灵敏搞选择测定。
测定条件：测定介质0.1mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液（pH7.0），富集时间为4分钟。
测定方法：1）循环伏安法，电位扫描范围-0.2～0.8V，扫描速度100mv/s；2）方波伏安法，电位扫描范围-0.2～0.8V，参数设置：方波振幅0.025V；方波频率：10Hz；脉冲时间40ms，电位增量为0.006V。响应结果如图3所示。
结论：本发明可用于生物样本中可的松的测定。
实施例3：首先选取基片清洁并干燥耐热，然后印刷电极引线，接着烘干基片，印制含质量百分比为8%胶体金颗粒、8%Nafion碳浆的碳电极并烘干，印制Ag/AgCl电极并烘干和印制金电极并烘干，最后采用绝缘浆印制绝缘层并固化。取质量百分数为0.5%多壁碳纳米管、8% 多巴胺聚合物、1%β环糊精液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
在pH 6.8~8.4生理缓冲液中，不同单胺递质通过离子选择性膜可以选择性地到达传感器的敏感单元。本品发明对去甲肾上腺素（NE）、五羟色胺（5-HT）的电子催化性能和离子聚合物膜的选择性富集作用有机结合起来，实现了5-HT、NE高灵敏度选择测定，如图4。
测定条件：测定介质0.05mol/L的Tris-HCl缓冲液（pH7.5），富集时间为6分钟。
测定方法：1）循环伏安法，电位扫描范围-0.2～0.8V，扫描速度100mv/s；2）方波伏安法，电位扫描范围-0.2～0.8V，参数设置：方波振幅0.025V；方波频率：20Hz；脉冲时间40ms，电位增量为0.006V。
结论：本专利发明的丝网印刷电极，可用于生物样品中单胺递质的测定。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进或变形，这些改进或变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极，其特征在于：所述电极的基片上印制有三个电极，分别为一个金电极、一个碳电极和一个Ag/AgCl电极，各电极对应连接有一根电极引线；碳电极表面涂覆有一层敏感膜，该敏感膜是将质量体积百分数为0.5%～4%的多壁碳纳米管、0.5%～8%的多巴胺聚合物、0.1%～1%的β环糊精的混合物的悬液涂覆在碳电极表面，低温蒸发溶剂得到；所述碳电极是由含有质量体积百分数为2%～8%的胶体金颗粒、2%～8%的Nafion的碳浆制得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于心境障碍辅助诊断的丝网印刷电极的用途，其特征在于：用于对5-HT、NE、可的松的测定。
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