CN105044033B - A kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device and its method for sensing - Google Patents
A kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device and its method for sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105044033B CN105044033B CN201410756602.XA CN201410756602A CN105044033B CN 105044033 B CN105044033 B CN 105044033B CN 201410756602 A CN201410756602 A CN 201410756602A CN 105044033 B CN105044033 B CN 105044033B
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device and its method for sensing, and the wherein device includes wideband light source, fiber coupler, hollow-core fiber, LPFG, optical circulator, chirped fiber grating, the first photodetector and the second photodetector, single-chip microcomputer；First output end of fiber coupler and the input of hollow-core fiber connect, the output end of hollow-core fiber and the input of LPFG connect, the output end of LPFG and the input of optical circulator connect, first output end of optical circulator and the input of chirped fiber grating are connected, and aperture is evenly distributed with hollow-core fiber.Gas concentration is measured using the solution of the present invention, not only makes measurement directly perceived, quick, improves the practicality of sensor, and as a result of the method for dual-beam reference measure, the influence that can be fluctuated in itself with compensatory light, realizes accurate measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fibre optical sensor field, is related to a kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device and its sensing side
Method.
Background technology
With people's living standards continue to improve and the pay attention to day by day to environmental protection, people increasingly pay attention to gas sensor
Development.Because hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, first are not only monitored in the industrial and mining enterprises such as oil, mining, semi-conductor industry
Alkane and flammable hydrocarbon etc. is poisonous and the concentration of imflammable gas, and detects carbon dioxide, two in the automotive industry
In the exhaust gas concentration such as sulfur oxide and carbon monoxide, gas sensor all plays an important role.At present, traditional gas sensing
Such as electrochemical gas sensor, semiconductor gas sensor, gas chromatography gas sensor.Electrochemical gas sensor can answer
For portable type measuring, but its is complicated, is affected by temperature larger.Semiconductor gas sensor has good sensitivity,
But its less stable, it is affected by environment larger.The selectivity of gas chromatography gas sensor is good, material similar in property
It is separable to come out, but detection speed is its defect slowly.It is easy to carry, ties so traditional gas sensor can not has concurrently simultaneously
Structure is simple to manufacture, high sensitivity, anti-external environmental interference, selectivity are good, the functions such as reaction speed is fast.
With the development of optical fiber sensing technology, people start with fiber sensor measuring gas concentration.Fiber-optic fiber gas passes
Sensor high sensitivity, bandwidth, dynamic range is big, and transmission loss is small, is suitable for the on-line measurement of long range, and it is easy to be suitable for measurement
Combustion explosion hazard gases works in Flammable atmosphere and strong electromagnetic interference environment, and sensing unit structures are simple, low cost, is easy to form light
Fine sensing network, such as spectral absorption type, fluorescent type, evanescent field pattern fiber gas sensor.Spectral absorption type fibre optical sensor
The danger that traditional sensors easily explode when measuring fuel gas is overcome, and is improved measurement sensitivity,
But spectral absorption type sensor optical path is complicated, and volume is big, is not suitable for carrying, therefore be restricted in practice.Fluorescent type
Fiber gas sensor is good to the distinctive of measured matter, but detecting system is complicated, and cost is higher.Evanescent field pattern Fibre Optical Sensor
Device small volume, framework are simple, but any material in evanescent field can all cause the decrease of its luminous power, easily cause and survey by mistake.
Existing fiber gas sensor patent, complicated, technological requirement is high, and some are not all optical fibre structures, and at its photoelectricity
It is complicated to manage unit, entering row information output using spectrometer also make it that sensor-based system is not readily portable, and improves cost.It is open
Number be CN101710068A patent of invention " a kind of fiber gas sensor based on Fourier transform spectrometry ", the knot of air chamber
Structure causes light path to increase, but bad stability, and interference spectrum is converted into Fu by the process of sensor signal processing
Leaf signal, the complex process of signal transacting add the cost of sensor.Publication No. CN2581979Y utility model patent
" fiber gas sensor ", the structure are not all -fiber sensing arrangements, and preparation technology is complicated, and cost is high, in manufacturing process easily
There is error, and the structure of cone prism group is unfavorable for measuring in the case where shaking environment, makes the sensor not readily portable,
So bring difficulty for field condition measurement.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device and its method for sensing, the device
It is simple with signal transacting, small volume, low cost and other advantages.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of intensity demodulation type fiber-optic fiber gas
Sensing device, including wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, hollow-core fiber 3, LPFG 4, optical circulator 5, chirped light
Fine grating 6, the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8, single-chip microcomputer 9；The output end and fiber coupling of wideband light source 1
The input 201 of device 2 is connected, and the first output end 202 of fiber coupler 2 is connected with the input of hollow-core fiber 3, hollow-core fiber
3 output end is connected with the input of LPFG 4, and the output end of LPFG 4 is defeated with optical circulator 5
Enter the connection of end 501, the first output end 502 of optical circulator 5 is connected with the input of chirped fiber grating 6, the first photodetection
The input of device 7 is connected with the second output end 503 of optical circulator 5, the input and fiber coupler of the second photodetector 8
2 the second output end 203 connects, the output end access monolithic of the output end of the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8
Machine 9.
Described fiber coupler 2 is 1*2 coupler, and the splitting ratio of the first output end 202 and the second output end 203
For 90: 10.
A diameter of 50-80 μm of the fibre core 301 of described hollow-core fiber 3, length are 100-200 μm；On hollow-core fiber 3 uniformly
Aperture 302, a diameter of 10-20 μm of aperture 302 is distributed with, spacing is 30 μm；Gas enters the fibre of hollow-core fiber by aperture 302
Core 301, interacts with light.
Described fibre core 301 is used as F-P cavity, produces interference spectrum.
The described periodicity of LPFG 4 is 40, and grid region length is 1-2cm, resonance wavelength 1554nm, resonance
Attenuation amplitude is 30dB at wavelength.
The described grid region length of chirped fiber grating 6 is 1-2cm, centre wavelength 1556nm, reflection bandwidth 4nm.
The first described photodetector 7 and the minimum resolution of the second photodetector 8 are 0.02 μ W.
A kind of method for sensing of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device, under test gas is through the aperture on hollow-core fiber 3
302 enter fibre core 301, and light multiple reflections between the both sides end face of fibre core 301 form F-P interference, from the output of hollow-core fiber 3
End output, and according to the concentration of gas different size of movement can occur for the peak wavelength for exporting interference spectrum；Hollow-core fiber 3
Output light when passing through LPFG 4, the center resonance wavelength 1554nm of LPFG 4 to right shoulder flat region
One section of wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm play a part of linear edge filters, wavelength movement is converted into the change of light intensity；
The reflected spectral range of chirped fiber grating 6 is limited in wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm, plays a part of bandpass filter,
The light reflected through chirped fiber grating 6 is exported by the second output end 503 of optical circulator 5, is obtained into the first photodetector 7
Light intensity, under test gas concentration is obtained by the light intensity-gas concentration linear relationship demarcated in advance.
The present invention is advantageous in that：
1. using the method measurement gas concentration of intensity demodulation, signal transacting is simple, quick, improves the reality of sensing device
The property used.
2. replacing the spectrometer in general sensor-based system using photodetector, instrument cost is reduced, reduces sensing
The volume of device, is easy to carry.
3. using the method for dual-beam reference measure, the influence that can be fluctuated in itself with compensatory light, accurate measurement is realized.
4. using all -fiber transducing head structure measurement gas concentration, small volume, high sensitivity.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the installation drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the hollow-core fiber 3 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the F-P output light spectrograms under the carbon dioxide various concentrations of the present invention；
The wavelength movement that Fig. 4 is the present invention is converted into light intensity change schematic diagram.
In accompanying drawing, 1：Wideband light source；2：Fiber coupler；201：The input of fiber coupler；202：Fiber coupler
The first output end；203：Second output end of fiber coupler；3：Hollow-core fiber；301：Fibre core；302：Aperture；4：Long period
Fiber grating；5：Optical circulator；501：The input of optical circulator；502：First output end of optical circulator；503：Ring of light row
Second output end of device；6：Chirped fiber grating；7：First photodetector 8：Second photodetector；9：Single-chip microcomputer；
Specific implementation method
In Fig. 1, including wideband light source 1, fiber coupler 2, hollow-core fiber 3, LPFG 4, optical circulator 5,
Chirped fiber grating 6, the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8, single-chip microcomputer 9；The output end and light of wideband light source 1
The input 201 of fine coupler 2 is connected, and the first output end 202 of fiber coupler 2 is connected with the input of hollow-core fiber 3, empty
The output end of core fibre 3 is connected with the input of LPFG 4, output end and the ring of light shape of LPFG 4
The input 501 of device 5 is connected, and the first output end 502 of optical circulator 5 is connected with the input of chirped fiber grating 6, the first light
The input of electric explorer 7 is connected with the second output end 503 of optical circulator 5, the input and optical fiber of the second photodetector 8
Second output end 203 of coupler 2 connects, the output termination of the output end of the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8
Enter single-chip microcomputer 9.
In Fig. 2, when the optical transport of the first output end 202 output of fiber coupler 2 is to hollow-core fiber 3, the conduct of fibre core 301
F-P cavity, light between the both sides end face of fibre core 301 multiple reflections and formed F-P interference, produce interference spectrum, from hollow-core fiber 3
Output end output.Gas enters the fibre core 301 of hollow-core fiber by aperture 302, is interacted with light；Work as under test gas
During change in concentration, the peak wavelength of interference spectrum is caused to be moved.
A kind of method for sensing of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device：Under test gas is through the aperture on hollow-core fiber 3
302 enter fibre core 301, and light multiple reflections between the both sides end face of fibre core 301 form F-P interference, from the output of hollow-core fiber 3
End output, and according to the concentration of gas different size of movement can occur for the peak wavelength for exporting interference spectrum；Hollow-core fiber 3
Output light when passing through LPFG 4, the center resonance wavelength 1554nm of LPFG 4 to right shoulder flat region
One section of wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm play a part of linear edge filters, wavelength movement is converted into the change of light intensity；
The reflected spectral range of chirped fiber grating 6 is limited in wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm, plays a part of bandpass filter,
The light reflected through chirped fiber grating 6 is exported by the second output end 503 of optical circulator 5, is obtained by the first photodetector 7
Light intensity, under test gas concentration is obtained by the light intensity-gas concentration linear relationship demarcated in advance.
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, a kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device course of work is：What wideband light source 1 was sent
Light input optical fibre coupler 2, fiber coupler 2 split the light into two-way output measurement light and reference light, and the first of fiber coupler 2
The output of output end 202 measurement light to hollow-core fiber 3, under test gas enters fibre core 301 through the aperture 302 on hollow-core fiber 3, and light exists
Multiple reflections form F-P interference between the both sides end face of fibre core 301, are exported from the output end of hollow-core fiber 3, and export interference
According to the concentration of gas different size of movement can occur for the peak wavelength of spectrum, carbon dioxide of the invention as shown in Figure 3
F-P output light spectrograms under gas various concentrations, when density of carbon dioxide gas increases to 30%, F-P output spectrums from 0%
Peak wavelength moves about 30pm.When the output light of hollow-core fiber 3 passes through LPFG 4, LPFG 4
Center resonance wavelength 1554nm play linear edge filters' to one section of wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm of right shoulder flat region
Effect, is converted into wavelength movement the change of light intensity, and wavelength movement of the invention as shown in Figure 4 is converted into light intensity change signal
Figure, when wavelength movement is in wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm, the light of different wave length is obtained by LPFG 4
Output intensity it is of different sizes.The output light of LPFG 4 enters the input 501 of optical circulator 5, from optical circulator
5 the first output end 502 input chirped fiber grating 6, the reflected spectral range of chirped fiber grating 6 are limited in wave-length coverage
In 1554-1558nm, play a part of bandpass filter, the light of its commplementary wave length is exported by the right-hand member of chirped fiber grating 6, not by
System receives；The light reflected through chirped fiber grating 6 is exported by the second output end 503 of optical circulator 5, is visited into the first photoelectricity
Survey device 7 and obtain light intensity, under test gas concentration is obtained by the light intensity-gas concentration linear relationship demarcated in advance；Optical fiber coupling
The second output end 203 output of clutch 2 is with reference to optical transport to the second photodetector 8, and single-chip microcomputer 9 is by the first photodetector 7
Division arithmetic is done with the output intensity of the second photodetector 8, eliminates the influence that light source fluctuates in itself.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device, including wideband light source (1), fiber coupler (2), hollow-core fiber
(3), LPFG (4), optical circulator (5), chirped fiber grating (6), the first photodetector (7) and the second photoelectricity
Detector (8), single-chip microcomputer (9)；The output end of wideband light source (1) is connected with the input (201) of fiber coupler (2), and first
The input of photodetector (7) is connected with the second output end (503) of optical circulator (5), the second photodetector (8)
Input is connected with the second output end (203) of fiber coupler (2), the first photodetector (7) and the second photodetector
(8) output end access single-chip microcomputer (9)；Characterized in that, the first output end (202) and hollow-core fiber of fiber coupler (2)
(3) input connection, the output end of hollow-core fiber (3) are connected with the input of LPFG (4), long period optical fiber
The output end of grating (4) is connected with the input (501) of optical circulator (5), the first output end (502) of optical circulator (5) with
The input connection of chirped fiber grating (6)；Aperture (302) is evenly distributed with hollow-core fiber (3), aperture (302) is a diameter of
10-20 μm, spacing is 30 μm.
A kind of 2. intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First photoelectricity is visited
The minimum resolution for surveying device (7) and the second photodetector (8) is 0.02 μ W.
A kind of 3. intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described hollow
A diameter of 50-80 μm of the fibre core (301) of optical fiber (3), length are 100-200 μm.
A kind of 4. intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described long week
Phase fiber grating (4) periodicity is 40, and grid region length is 1-2cm, resonance wavelength 1554nm, and resonance wave strong point attenuation amplitude is
30dB；Described chirped fiber grating (6) grid region length is 1-2cm, centre wavelength 1556nm, reflection bandwidth 4nm.
A kind of 5. method for sensing of intensity demodulation type optical fiber gas sensing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Under test gas enters fibre core (301) through the aperture (302) on hollow-core fiber (3), and light is more between the both sides end face of fibre core (301)
Secondary reflection forms F-P interference, is exported from the output end of hollow-core fiber (3), and export the peak wavelength of interference spectrum according to gas
Different size of movement can occur for the concentration of body；When the output light of hollow-core fiber (3) passes through LPFG (4), long week
The center resonance wavelength 1554nm of phase fiber grating (4) to one section of wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm of right shoulder flat region plays line
Property boundary filter effect, wavelength movement is converted into the change of light intensity；The reflected spectral range limit of chirped fiber grating (6)
System plays a part of bandpass filter in wave-length coverage 1554-1558nm, and the light through chirped fiber grating (6) reflection is by light
The second output end (503) output of circulator (5), obtains light intensity into the first photodetector (7), passes through the light demarcated in advance
By force-gas concentration linear relationship obtains under test gas concentration.
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| CN107817065A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-20 | 中北大学 | A kind of compact detonation pressure measuring system based on bragg grating |
| CN107941335A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-04-20 | 北京工业大学 | Sensor fibre and fibre-optical sensing device |
| CN109799015A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-24 | 中国劳动关系学院 | Intensity modulated microstress sensor based on the weak chirp grating of outstanding core fibre |
| CN110907384A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Gas detection system based on Fourier domain optical coherent absorption spectrum technology and working method thereof |
| CN113624267B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-05-03 | 浙江理工大学 | Fiber bragg grating center wavelength demodulation system and demodulator based on edge filtering |
| CN117109646B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-02-23 | 杭州奕力科技有限公司 | Sensing demodulation method of linear chirped fiber grating |
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