CN105043737B - A kind of retainer movement locus measuring method based on error separating technology - Google Patents
A kind of retainer movement locus measuring method based on error separating technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of retainer movement locus measuring method based on error separating technology, comprise the following steps：1) retainer axle center is measured in retainer sagittal plane along the translational component on X and Y-direction；2) translational component obtained according to retainer radius and step 1) measurement, calculates translation freedoms x, the y of retainer in the x, y direction；3) displacement transducer is set, and records position and measurement value sensor of the sensor in X Y-coordinate system, calculates retainer end face shape error；4) position, measurement value sensor and the retainer end face shape error according to the sensor in step 3) in X Y-coordinate system, rotary freedom i, the j and the free degree z of moving vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis are calculated；5) movement locus of retainer can be learnt according to x, y, z, i, j this five frees degree.The measuring method of the present invention is realized to the instable automatic measurement of retainer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to retainer Precision measurement field, and in particular to a kind of bearing based on error separating technology is protected
Hold frame movement locus measuring method.
Technical background
Important component of the retainer as bearing, the whether good of its operation conditions can directly affect returning for base bearing
Turn error, so as to influence the machining accuracy of main shaft, therefore the research for high precision machine tool base bearing needs many considerations
The running situation of retainer.Under the conditions of the high-precision working condition requirement such as high-speed main shaft of machine tool, the normal revolution of bearing requires to keep
Frame has very high stability, and in the influence for high-speed precise machine tool machining accuracy, base bearing retainer is as rotary part
Pith, its orbit of shaft center directly affects the turn error of whole main shaft, and then the machining accuracy of machine components is caused sternly
Weight error.The orbit of shaft center of retainer, to judging the online working order of machine, is divided as rotary machine part based on retainer
Machine components machining accuracy is analysed, pre- pyrometry, high speed, high-precision main shaft hold running situation and provide important evidence.
Error separating technology is a kind of advanced technology in Precision measurement field, the technology can by the error of measured workpiece with
The error of measuring instrument itself is separated, and measured workpiece is both measurand and measuring basis when fortune measures in this way,
Influence of the kinematic accuracy to measurand of measuring instrument itself is eliminated with this, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of part.
The research to retainer movement locus has been achieved for many progress at present, and some researchers pass through special measurement
Scheme is measured turn error of the retainer barycenter in sagittal plane, has obtained the barycenter rail under some different operating modes
Mark figure, but measurement of the shorter mention to retainer axial instability.Usual centroid trajectory figure is X-Y scheme, to this unstable
Property judge it is also most by its operation conditions of the micro-judgment of people.Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of retainer movement locus measuring method, with
Realize the accurate measurement to retainer axial instability.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of retainer movement locus measuring method based on error separating technology, it is intended to solves
The defects of experience by people is judged retainer axial instability in the prior art.
To solve the above problems, retainer movement locus measuring method of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) retainer axle center is measured in retainer sagittal plane along translational component dX, dY on X and Y-direction；
2) according to retainer radius R and translational component dX, dY, calculate retainer translation freedoms x in the x, y direction,
y；
3) displacement transducer is set, and records position (xA of the displacement transducer in X-Y coordinatem,yAm), sensor survey
Value dAm, retainer end face shape error delta (θ is isolated using error separating technologym), wherein, m represents the numbering of sensor,
θmFor from axle center to sensor measurement point direction and the angle of X-direction；
4) according to the displacement transducer position (xA in step 3)m,yAm), measurement value sensor dAmAnd retainer end face shape
Looks error delta (θm), calculate rotary freedom i, the j and the free degree z of moving vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis；
5) be maintained the movement locus of frame according to x, y, z, i, j this five frees degree.
Translation freedoms x, the y of retainer in the x, y direction calculation formula are in the step 2)：
Rotary freedom i, the j and the free degree z of moving calculating vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis in the step 4)
Formula is as follows：
Wherein, p0=θ0* N/2 π, p1=θ1* N/2 π, p2=θ2* N/2 π, N are one week sampled point total numbers, k=0 ... N-1.
Two displacement transducers for being used to measure dX and dY, the position are arranged in the step 1) in retainer sagittal plane
The light that displacement sensor is sent is mutually perpendicular to intersect, and intersection point is located on retainer axis.
Four displacement transducers are provided with the step 3), the plane and retainer end face that four displacement transducers are formed
It is parallel, and the light that sends of four displacement transducers and retainer diameter parallel, and fall on retainer.
The retainer end face shape error delta (θm) calculation formula it is as follows：
Wherein, k=0 ... N-1 θmCentrifugal pump, Δ (n)=D (n)/G (n), n=0 ... N-1, D (n)=C0δ(p0)+C1
δ(p1)+C2δ(p2)+C3δ(p3),C0、C1、C2、C3For
Weight coefficient, and C0、C1、C2、C3Meet following condition：
Retainer movement locus measuring method of the invention based on error separating technology uses error separating technology, closes
Reason sets the position of sensor, measures retainer in radial displacement, axial displacement and end face shape error amount, guarantor is calculated
Frame movement track parameters X, Y, the displacement of Z-direction and X, the rotary freedom of Y-direction are held, so as to construct the motion rail of retainer
Mark, realize to the instable automatic measurement of retainer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 retainer movement locus measurement apparatus schematic diagrames；
The axially measured point geometry graph of a relation of Fig. 2 retainers；
Fig. 3 retainer movement locus measuring system structure charts；
Fig. 4 retainers track axial displacement display renderings；
Fig. 5 retainers track radial displacement display renderings；
Fig. 6 retainers axle center three-dimensional track figure；
The normal vector track of Fig. 7 retainers end face.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
First, introducing influences the parameter of retainer movement locus.Retainer is theoretically a revolution not stressed
Body, radially orthogonal two reference axis X and Y are established on retainer end face, Z axis is established on retainer axis.In X and
In Y-direction, retainer has two translation freedoms x, y and X and the rotary freedom i and j of Y-direction, in z-direction, protects
Holding frame has along the free degree z of the Z axis moving and rotary freedom k of Z-direction.X, y, z, i, j this five frees degree constitute
The change of retainer track, free degree k are the fluctuations of rotating speed about the z axis, do not cause change in displacement, do not form retainer track
Change.
After five free degree x, y, z, i, j influenceing retainer movement locus are determined, latter measurement is provided below
Calculate the embodiment of five free degree methods：
1) retainer is between Internal and external cycle, to carry out the micro-displacement measurement of retainer sagittal plane and axial direction, this reality
Apply example and propose measurement scheme as shown in Figure 1.With a lighter weight, there is certain thickness cylinder to be connected firmly with retainer
Together, the track of retainer is drawn to the small space of Internal and external cycle.Two laser displacement sensors are arranged in sagittal plane, with
Measure total displacement of the retainer in sagittal plane, the light that two laser displacement sensors are sent is orthogonal and meets at one
Point, intersection point fall on axis, and plane where sensor is parallel with body end surface.
After setting the position of laser displacement sensor, it is measurable go out retainer axle center along the X and translational component dX of Y-axis,
dY。
2) according to translational component dX, dY and the radius R of retainer, it is free to calculate the translation of retainer in the x, y direction
Spend x, y.
Calculation formula is preferably as follows in the present embodiment to calculate translation freedoms x, the y of retainer in the x, y direction, still
Other calculations of the prior art can also be used, will not enumerate here, formula is as follows：
Ignore displacement of the retainer due to radial and axial measurement caused by metamorphosis in calculating process.Wherein dX,
Along X and the translational component of Y-axis, R is retainer radius in the retainer axle center that dY expression sensors are measured.
3) displacement transducer is set, and records position (xA of the displacement transducer in X-Y coordinatem,yAm), sensor survey
Value dAm, retainer end face shape error delta (θ is isolated using error separating technologym), concretely comprise the following steps：
The present embodiment arranges that four are generally aligned in the same plane interior laser displacement sensor in the axial direction, to measure retainer
In the total displacement of axial direction and the deflection free degree of axial direction, the plane where four laser displacement sensors is parallel with body end surface,
And four light that sends of laser displacement sensor and retainer diameter parallel.Laser displacement sensor uses non-contact laser
Displacement transducer.
Fig. 2 is the axially measured point geometry graph of a relation of retainer, and retainer movement track parameters i, j, z are calculated by following methods
Draw.Consider the pattern error of end face, the measured value of axial total displacement is made up of four parts：The play of axial direction, the rotation around X-axis
Axial displacement caused by the free degree, axial displacement caused by the rotary freedom around Y-axis, the end face shape collected at collection point
Error amount.Thus it can derive that the relational expression of each free degree displacement and measurement value sensor is as follows：
Wherein dAm(m takes 0,1,2,3, represents corresponding sensor) represents measurement value sensor, and z is represented due to axial direction
Translation caused by end face displacement, i.e., along the free degree of Z axis moving, (xAm,yAm) represent that sensor position is sat in XY
Position in mark, δ (θm) the end face shape error that is collected in sampling point position of sensor corresponding to expression.
It is below solution end face shape error delta (θm) concrete mode：
Application error isolation technics solves formula (3), and in order to isolate pattern error, formula (3) is multiplied by into weight coefficient respectively
C0、C1、C2、C3, tried to achieve after derivation：
dn(θ)=C0δ(θ0)+C1δ(θ1)+C2δ(θ2)+C3δ(θ3) (4)
C0、C1、C2、C3Meet following condition：
Formula (4) discretization is obtained：
dn(k)=C0δ(p0)+C1δ(p1)+C2δ(p2)+C3δ(p3) (6)
Wherein p0=θ0* N/2 π, p1=θ1* N/2 π, p2=θ2* N/2 π, p3=θ3* N/2 π, N are one week sampled point total numbers.
K=0 ... N-1.
Discrete Fourier Transform is carried out to formula (6), can be obtained：
Δ (n)=D (n)/G (n) (7)
Wherein weight function is：D(n)
=C0δ(p0)+C1δ(p1)+C2δ(p2)+C3δ(p3), n=0 ... N-1
Discrete Fourier inverse transformations are carried out to formula (7), can obtain the pattern error of end face：
During the pattern error of above-mentioned calculating end face, there is provided four displacement transducers, according to four displacement transducers X,
Y, the position in Z coordinate and the measured value of itself, are then calculated δ (θ using error separating technologym), as other implementations
Mode, 5,6 displacement transducers etc. can also be set, the more calculating process of displacement transducer simply set are more complicated,
The present embodiment is preferably provided with four displacement transducers to calculate the pattern error of end face.
4) according to the displacement transducer position (xA in step 3)m,yAm), measurement value sensor dAmAnd retainer end face shape
Looks error delta (θm), calculate rotary freedom i, the j and the free degree z of moving vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis.
Calculation formula is preferably as follows in the present embodiment to calculate rotary freedom i, the j and vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis
The free degree z of moving, but other calculations of the prior art can also be used, it will not enumerate here, formula is such as
Under：
Only with the measured value of three sensors in above-mentioned calculation formula, the pattern for the end face that will be calculated misses
Difference band can after entering in formula (3), it may appear that three unknown numbers, four equations, therefore only choose wherein that three equations can
Z, tan (i), tan (j) are solved, the solution of first three equation is chosen in the present embodiment.
5) the axial displacement z of retainer rotary freedom i, j in the x, y direction and Z axis is calculated by above-mentioned formula,
X, the displacement x in Y-direction, the y obtained with reference to survey calculation in step 1), construct the movement locus of retainer.
A kind of retainer movement locus measuring system using above-mentioned measuring method is described below, the system is by following
A few part compositions：It is measured bearing (with connect firmly cylinder), non-contacting Laser Displacement sensor, data collecting system, upper
Machine system and software, wherein data collecting system include the detection circuit supporting with non-contacting Laser Displacement sensor, collection
Module, CPU and network communication module；Submodule of the error separate algorithm as master system software, passes through volume
Cheng Shixian.The structure of retainer movement locus measuring system is as shown in Figure 3.
By taking a kind of single row roller bearing as an example, cylinder will be connected firmly by being fixed after processing with measured bearing retainer
Together, selection measurement distance is 10mm, and spot diameter is 9 μm, resolution ratio 16nm Spectral Confocal formula laser displacement sensor.
According to foregoing retainer movement locus measuring method, measured frame movement track parameters x, y, z, i, j mistake of being maintained
Difference is respectively 0.18 μm, 0.14 μm, 0.09 μm, 0.33 °, 0.21 °.Retainer track axial displacement and radial displacement are three-dimensional dynamic
Respectively as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, the normal vector track of axle center three-dimensional track and end face is as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7 for state reconstruct.
Specific embodiment is presented above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.The base of the present invention
This thinking is above-mentioned basic scheme, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the teachings of the present invention, designs various changes
The model of shape, formula, parameter simultaneously need not spend creative work.It is right without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
The change, modification, replacement and modification that embodiment is carried out are still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of retainer movement locus measuring method based on error separating technology, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
1) retainer axle center is measured in retainer sagittal plane along translational component dX, dY on X and Y-direction；
2) according to retainer radius R and translational component dX, dY, translation freedoms x, the y of retainer in the x, y direction are calculated；
3) displacement transducer is set, and records position (xA of the displacement transducer in X-Y coordinatem,yAm), measurement value sensor
dAm, retainer end face shape error delta (θ is isolated using error separating technologym), wherein, m represents the numbering of sensor, θmFor
From axle center to sensor measurement point direction and the angle of X-direction；
4) according to the displacement transducer position (xA in step 3)m,yAm), measurement value sensor dAmAnd retainer end face shape is missed
Poor δ (θm), calculate rotary freedom i, the j and the free degree z of moving vertically of retainer around X and Y-axis；
Wherein, p0=θ0* N/2 π, p1=θ1* N/2 π, p2=θ2* N/2 π, N are one week sampled point total numbers, k=0 ... N-1；
5) be maintained the movement locus of frame according to x, y, z, i, j this five frees degree.
2. the retainer movement locus measuring method according to claim 1 based on error separating technology, its feature
It is, translation freedoms x, the y of retainer in the x, y direction calculation formula are in the step 2)：
3. the retainer movement locus measuring method according to claim 1 based on error separating technology, its feature
It is, arranges two displacement transducers for being used to measure dX and dY, the displacement in the step 1) in retainer sagittal plane
The light that sensor is sent is mutually perpendicular to intersect, and intersection point is located on retainer axis.
4. the retainer movement locus measuring method according to claim 1 based on error separating technology, its feature
It is, four displacement transducers are provided with the step 3), and the plane that four displacement transducers are formed is put down with retainer end face
OK, and the light that sends of four displacement transducers and retainer diameter parallel, and fall on retainer.
5. the retainer movement locus measuring method according to claim 1 based on error separating technology, its feature
It is, the retainer end face shape error delta (θm) calculation formula it is as follows：
Wherein, k=0 ... N-1 θmCentrifugal pump, Δ (n)=D (n)/G (n), n=0 ... N-1, D (n)=C0δ(p0)+C1δ(p1)
+C2δ(p2)+C3δ(p3),C0、C1、C2、C3For weighting
Coefficient, and C0、C1、C2、C3Meet following condition：
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| CN105509633B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 南车株洲电机有限公司 | A kind of coarse contour degree detection device of roller bus of cylinder roller bearing and method |
| CN107883964B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-10-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for detecting motion trail of single point on workpiece ring in ring polishing processing and method for detecting motion trail by using device |
| CN108020409B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of 4 points of dynamic measurements of spindle rotation error and separation method |
| CN108955596A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-07 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | BEARING SHAFT position monitoring method, device and control device |
| CN109781413A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of high-precision rolling bearing retainer stability test device and method |
| CN109975019A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of orbit of shaft center simulation test experiment platform |
| CN116223037B (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-09-19 | 山东金帝精密机械科技股份有限公司 | Operation monitoring method and equipment for wind power bearing retainer |
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