CN105041546B - 用于稀薄燃气发动机的运行方法和稀薄燃气发动机 - Google Patents

用于稀薄燃气发动机的运行方法和稀薄燃气发动机 Download PDF

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CN105041546B
CN105041546B CN201510198906.3A CN201510198906A CN105041546B CN 105041546 B CN105041546 B CN 105041546B CN 201510198906 A CN201510198906 A CN 201510198906A CN 105041546 B CN105041546 B CN 105041546B
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A.托特
W.菲姆尔
A.伯恩哈德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)的运行方法,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)包括气缸单独的燃气配量部、气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)由控制仪器(5)调节,使得各个气缸(2、3、4)的燃烧持续时间由控制仪器(5)通过改变点火时间点气缸单独地调节并且由控制仪器(5)气缸单独地调节点火时间点,使得所有的气缸(2、3、4)关于其转换点相同,从而在限定的曲轴角达到限定的转换点。

Description

用于稀薄燃气发动机的运行方法和稀薄燃气发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于稀薄燃气发动机（Magergasmotor）的运行方法和稀薄燃气发动机。
背景技术
带有化学计量学上倾斜的（überstöchiometrisch）燃气空气混合物的燃气发动机非常敏感地对在混合比例中最小的改变做出反应。这导致在实际运行中的下述效果,即各个气缸通过随机的或系统的区别(其例如通过不同的铸造加料（Gusscharge）或通过定位单个气缸作为角气缸(Eckzylinder)或作为中间气缸(Mittenzylinder)得到)施加对发动机运行非常不利的影响。这可以导致明显增加的峰值压力或也导致气缸单独的(zylinderindividuell)废气排放的过高。结果是发动机必须调整到最坏的气缸上,其中这总是意味着整个机器消耗增加或功率较低。因为这样的燃气发动机的燃烧方法是非常容易损坏的,在燃气质量或者说燃气成分中的较小的改变或由此在调节方案或者说燃气配量中所产生的误差也导致异常的排放。控制仪器的悲观的最坏情况数据输入（worst-case-Bedatung）必须防止异常的排放。基本上燃气发动机到目前为止针对燃气进行调整并且在应用该燃气的情况下稳定和清洁地运转。
从US 6 354 268 B1中已知,为了优化压燃式发动机的功率，对最大的峰值压力或者说对两个选取的点的峰值压力比例进行调节。从DE 197 54 353 C2中已知一种燃气发动机,其尤其构造为柴油燃气发动机。其中对燃烧室温度进行调节。为此需要燃烧室温度传感器。WO 2012/097389 A2公开了一种用于运行内燃机的方法,其中通过气缸单独控制或调节点火时间点和/或打开持续时间和/或相应的用于燃料的引入设备的燃料供应压力而致使气缸相同(Zylindergleichstellung)。在这里优选地，气缸峰值压力或气缸中间压力或从气缸压力变化（Zylinderdruckverlauf）测得的气缸单独的空气过量系数提出为用于气缸相同调节的指令变量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,建议一种用于运行稀薄燃气发动机的方法或者稀薄燃气发动机,通过该方法或者通过该稀薄燃气发动机可实现,补偿（egalisieren）各个气缸之间的随机的或系统的区别对发动机运行施加的不利影响并且尤其也不依赖于燃气质量保持排放稳定。
该目的一方面由如下特征来解决：用于带有多个气缸的稀薄燃气发动机的运行方法,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机包括气缸单独的燃气配量部、气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机由控制仪器调节,
-使得各个气缸的燃烧持续时间由所述控制仪器通过改变点火时间点气缸单独地调节，并且
-由所述控制仪器气缸单独地调节所述点火时间点,使得所有的气缸关于其转换点相同,从而在限定的曲轴角达到限定的转换点；
用于调节所述稀薄燃气发动机而提出的转换点限定为处于5%到15%的转换点之间的转换点，且所提出的存在于限定的转换点中的曲轴角限定为处于-5°和0°之间的曲轴角。
该目的一方面由如下特征来解决：带有多个气缸的稀薄燃气发动机,所述稀薄燃气发动机包括
-控制仪器，用于每个气缸,
-用于每个气缸的至少一个压力传感器以及
-用于每个气缸的点火装置,
-其中所述控制仪器包括电子的线路,
-其中所述电子的线路从所述压力传感器的测量信号中算出气缸单独的压力变化并且由此为了适配所述燃烧持续时间算出用于气缸单独的点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号，且将所述气缸单独的控制信号输出给各个气缸的点火装置,
-其中用于所述点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号规定气缸单独的点火时间点。
用于带有气缸单独的燃气配量部的多个气缸、气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器和控制仪器的稀薄燃气发动机的根据本发明的运行方法包括步骤:由控制仪器通过改变点火时间点气缸单独地调节各个气缸的燃烧持续时间，并且由控制仪器气缸单独地这样调节点火时间点,使得所有气缸关于其转换点（Umsatzpunkt）相同,从而在限定的曲轴角达到限定的转换点。通过在转换点方面实行气缸的相同，实现了所有的气缸在其燃烧过程中相适应（angleichen）并且由此也在其排放中相适应。根据本发明的运行方法不依赖于燃气质量。由此燃烧过程和排放也不依赖于燃气质量在每个稀薄燃气发动机上是稳定的。此外根据本发明的运行方法能够实现将稀薄燃气发动机调整得非常接近其设计极限。此外通过调节燃烧过程或者说燃烧持续时间也使燃烧率的形式或者说设计固定,使得对于稀薄燃气发动机的所有的气缸而言通过在气缸中类似的温度得到类似的爆震距离。
此外根据本发明的运行方法规定,针对气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器实施气缸单独的压力测量并且基于该压力测量利用控制仪器执行气缸单独的压力变化分析。这样的压力变化分析可以利用标准构件成本合适地实现。
相应于运行方法也规定,将用于调节稀薄燃气发动机所提出的转换点限定为处于5%到15%的转换点之间的转换点并且尤其作为大约处于8%和12%之间的转换点，且将提出的存在于限定的转换点中的曲轴角限定为在-5°和0°之间并且尤其处于大约-2°处的曲轴角。试验显示,利用限定的转换点和限定的曲轴角的处于这样的范围中的这样的选择实现了稀燃发动机的较好的调整。
根据本发明的稀薄燃气发动机包括多个气缸,用于每个气缸的控制仪器,至少一个用于每个气缸的压力传感器和用于每个气缸的点火单元,其中控制仪器包括电子的线路,其中电子的线路从压力传感器的测量信号中算出气缸单独的压力变化并且由此为了适配燃烧持续时间算出用于气缸单独的点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号，且将所述气缸单独的控制信号输出给各个气缸的点火装置并且其中用于点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号规定气缸单独的点火时间点。通过在转换点方面实行气缸的相同，实现了所有的气缸在其燃烧过程中相适应并且由此也在其排放中相适应。根据本发明的稀薄燃气发动机可以这样不依赖于燃气质量以低的排放运行。此外根据本发明的稀薄燃气发动机实现了非常接近其设计极限的调整。此外通过调节燃烧过程或者说燃烧持续时间也使燃烧率的形式或者说设计固定,使得对于稀薄燃气发动机的所有的气缸而言通过在气缸中类似的温度得到类似的爆震距离。
通过使稀薄燃气发动机装备有用于每个气缸的至少一个燃气配量装置和至少一个排放探测器装置，可以在另外的范围中对稀薄燃气发动机的运行施加影响。
在本发明的意义中稀薄燃气发动机理解为也称作为稀燃发动机或稀燃混合发动机的内燃机,其以稀薄的或者说以化学计量学上倾斜的燃气空气混合物运行。在这里“稀薄”理解为相比于用于在气缸中燃烧燃气的化学计量学上的燃烧所需要的,存在更多的空气或者说燃烧空气。这意味着λ(Lambda)>1。
附图说明
接下来根据示意性的附图详细地解释本发明。在此示出：
图1是稀薄燃气发动机的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1以示意图示出了稀薄燃气发动机1。稀薄燃气发动机1包括：带有多个气缸2、3、4的发动机机体MB；用于每个气缸2、3、4的控制仪器5；用于每个气缸2、3、4的至少一个压力传感器D2、D3、D4和用于每个气缸2、3、4的点火单元Z2、Z3、Z4。可选地稀薄燃气发动机1此外包括用于每个气缸2、3、4的至少一个燃气配量装置G2、G3、G4和至少一个排放探测器装置E1。在这里排放探测器装置E1探测(只要存在)在稀燃发动机1的废气处理站（Abgastrakt）6中存在的排放值，例如NOx排放值。控制仪器5包括电子的线路7。电子的线路7从压力传感器D2、D3、D4的测量信号MD2、MD3、MD4中算出单气缸的压力变化，并且为了气缸单独的适配燃烧持续时间或者说燃烧过程由此算出用于单气缸的点火装置Z2、Z3、Z4的气缸单独的控制信号SZ2、SZ3、SZ4，且将这些控制信号输出给各个气缸2、3、4的点火装置Z2、Z3、Z4。通过用于点火装置Z2、Z3、Z4的气缸单独的控制信号SZ2、SZ3、SZ4规定气缸单独的点火时间点,依赖于单个气缸2、3、4的单独的压力变化如此检测该气缸单独的点火时间点,使得各个气缸2、3、4的燃烧过程或者说燃烧持续时间相同。在这里这样选择气缸单独的点火时间点,使得每个气缸在预先限定的对于所有的气缸相同的曲轴位置中达到预先限定的对于所有的气缸相同的转换点。

Claims (6)

1.用于带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)的运行方法,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)包括气缸单独的燃气配量部、气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器,其中所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)由控制仪器(5)调节,
-使得各个气缸(2、3、4)的燃烧持续时间由所述控制仪器(5)通过改变点火时间点气缸单独地调节，并且
-由所述控制仪器(5)气缸单独地调节所述点火时间点,使得所有的气缸(2、3、4)关于其转换点相同,从而在限定的曲轴角达到限定的转换点；
用于调节所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)而提出的转换点限定为处于5%到15%的转换点之间的转换点，且所提出的存在于限定的转换点中的曲轴角限定为处于-5°和0°之间的曲轴角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)的运行方法,其特征在于,对于所述气缸单独的燃烧过程探测器实施气缸单独的压力测量并且基于所述压力测量由所述控制仪器(5)执行气缸单独的压力变化分析。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)的运行方法，其特征在于,用于调节所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)而提出的转换点限定为处于8%和12%之间的转换点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)的运行方法,其特征在于，所提出的存在于限定的转换点中的曲轴角限定为处于-2°处的曲轴角。
5.带有多个气缸(2、3、4)的稀薄燃气发动机(1)，其利用根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的运行方法,其特征在于,所述稀薄燃气发动机(1)包括
-控制仪器(5)，用于每个气缸(2、3、4),
-用于每个气缸(2、3、4)的至少一个压力传感器(D2、D3、D4)以及
-用于每个气缸(2、3、4)的点火装置,
-其中所述控制仪器(5)包括电子的线路(7),
-其中所述电子的线路(7)从所述压力传感器(MD2、MD3、MD4)的测量信号中算出气缸单独的压力变化并且由此为了适配所述燃烧持续时间算出用于气缸单独的点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号(S2、S3、S4)，且将所述气缸单独的控制信号(S2、S3、S4)输出给各个气缸(2、3、4)的点火装置,
-其中用于所述点火装置的气缸单独的控制信号(S2、S3、S4)规定气缸单独的点火时间点。
6.根据权利要求5所述的稀薄燃气发动机(1),其特征在于,所述稀薄燃气发动机包括
-用于每个气缸(2、3、4)的至少一个燃气配量装置(G2、G3、G4)，和
-至少一个排放探测器装置(E1)。
CN201510198906.3A 2014-04-25 2015-04-24 用于稀薄燃气发动机的运行方法和稀薄燃气发动机 Expired - Fee Related CN105041546B (zh)

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