CN1050358A - 机动车能量回收系统 - Google Patents

机动车能量回收系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1050358A
CN1050358A CN90107987A CN90107987A CN1050358A CN 1050358 A CN1050358 A CN 1050358A CN 90107987 A CN90107987 A CN 90107987A CN 90107987 A CN90107987 A CN 90107987A CN 1050358 A CN1050358 A CN 1050358A
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rotating machine
energy
self
propelled vehicle
described rotating
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CN1029053C (zh
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土屋善信
仓林研
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1446—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle in response to parameters of a vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种机动车中的能量回收系统包含一个与机动 车驱动系统相连的旋转电机，和一个用于贮存当旋转 电机以再生模式运转时产生的电能的电容器组件。 当机动车减速时，旋转电机作为发动机以再生模式运 转，所产生的电能用来给电容器组件充电，该电容器 组件包含多个高效充电电容器。

Description

本发明涉及一种将机动车制动时产生的制动能量转换为电能从而有效地予以回收的能量回收系统。
日本公开特许公报第59（1984）-222041号公开了一种机动车能量回收系统。在根据该公开的能量回收系统中，一个发电机与机动车的驱动系统相耦合。当机动车制动或减速时，发电机运转，发电机产生的电能用来给蓄电池充电，从而将制动能量转换为电能加以回收。
用于该公开的能量回收系统中的普通蓄电池其充电性能较差，即充电时效率不高。因此，由制动能量转换的电能不能通过这些蓄电池而有效地回收。例如，主要用于常规小型卡车的其安培小时额为50AH至70AH的蓄电池，其充电电流为5A到10A。如果这样的卡车在10秒钟内制动，在制动期间回收的电能是14V×10A＝140W或1，400焦耳，这是不够充分的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种在机动车制动时通过一个发电机有效地回收从机动车的制动能量转换来的电能的机动车能量回收系统。
根据本发明，在机动车中提供的能量回收系统含有：与机动车驱动系统耦合的旋转电机，与旋转电机相连的电容器装置，连接在电容器装置和旋转电机之间的开关装置，用于检测机动车运转状态的检测装置，以及基于来自检测装置的检测信号对开关装置进行操作的控制装置。
结合附图，本发明的上述目的和其它目的、特性以及优点通过下面说明会更加清楚。附图中以图示实例的方法展示了本发明的一个最佳实施例。
图1是根据本发明实施例的机动车能量回收系统的框图;
图2为一展示在装有机动车能量回收系统的机动车运动期间能量回收区域的图;
图3是机动车能量回收系统的电路框图;以及
图4是图3所示的电路中控制部分的框图。
如图1所示，由发动机1产生的驱动转矩通过变速箱2。从动轴21和功率传输机构（未示出）传输到机动车的车轮（未示出）。一个可以用作马达或发电机的旋转电机3，作为机动车的驱动系统与变速箱2有效地耦合。旋转电机3在运行中由控制器4控制。
控制器4有一如图4所示的控制电路，并根据机动车的运行状态操纵作为马达或发电机的旋转电机3。控制器4有与下述传感器和开关相连的输入端a、b、c、d，它们是：用于检测机动车行驶速度的车速传感器51，用于检测加速器踏板下压多少的加速器踏板动作传感器52，用于检测发动机冷却剂温度的发动机冷却剂温度传感器53，和用于检测制动踏板下压的制动开关54。图4中，控制电路包括：一个积分器41、一个比较处理器42、与门43、44，或门46和一个比较器48。
图3展示了一个包含控制器4和用于控制器4的电源电路的电路图。图3也展示了旋转电机3，由具有大静电电容的电容器61、62组成的电容器组件6，以及继电器电路71、72、73。当激励与控制器4的输出端h相连的继电器电路72、73时，触点721、723切换到与相互并联的电容器61、62相连。当激励与控制器4的输出端f相连的继电器电路71时，其触点711闭合用来自旋转电机3的再生电能给电容61、62充电。当继电器72、73被去激励时，电容器61、62如图3中实线指示的那样串联。随着继电器触点711的闭合，加大贮存在电容器61、62中的电能，从而产生大到足以驱动作为马达用的旋转电机3的电压。
电容器61、62各为一个湿型双电荷层电容器，它有例如范围为10到20V的抗电强度和例如为几百法拉或更高的大静电电容。
本机动车能量回收系统操作过程如下：
如果比较处理器42根据来自与控制器4耦合的车速传感器51和加速器踏板动作传感器52的信号，确定机动车处于区域A，即机动车在加速，则比较处理器42通过与门43、44和一个晶体管45将信号加到输出端f。激励继电器电路71使触点711闭合。则贮存在电容器61、62中的电能供给旋转电机3，旋转电机3作为马达工作，从而增大发动机的输出转矩。
如果比较处理器42根据来自与控制器4相耦合的车速传感器51、加速器踏板动作传感器52及制动开关52的信号，确定机动车处于区域B（能量回收区域），即机动车在减速，则比较处理器42将信号加到输出端f、h以激励继电器电路71、72、73。则旋转电机3借助来自减速机动车的车轮转矩，作为发动机，以再生模式进行运转。旋转电机3产生的电能用来给并联的电容61、62充电。
如果耦合于控制器4的发动机冷却剂温度传感器53检测到发动机冷却剂温度低于预定值，则正如比较器48所决定的，通过与门44，晶体管45被断开。因此，没有激励继电器电路71，从而保护其冷却剂处于低温度的发动机免于过载。
依照本发明，当机动车减速时，与机动车驱动系统相连的旋转电机3作为发动机，将机动车减速期间产生的机械能转换为电能，并将该电能贮存在能高效率充电的双电荷层电容器组件6中。因此，即使机动车减速的时间周期较短如10秒钟，产生的机械能也能作为一个充分大的电能贮存在电容器组件6中。从而，转换来的电能可以有效地回收。
贮存在电容器中的恢复电能不仅机动车行驶时用来厍大发动机输出转矩，而且可在发动机要起动时驱动旋转电机发动机起动器的作用。
虽然只展示和描述了一个最佳实施例，但应认识到可以对其进行很多变动和更改而不违背所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (2)

1、一种机动车中的能量回收系统，它含有：
一个与机动车驱动系统相耦合的旋转电机，
与所述旋转电机相连的电容器装置，
连接在所述电容器装置和所述旋转电机之间的开关装置，
检测机动车运转状态的检测装置，以及，
根据来自所述检测装置的信号对所述开关装置进行操作的控制装置。
2、根据权利要求1的能量回收系统，其特征在于：所述电容器装置包含多个电容器，还包括确定相对于所述旋转电机是以串联形式还是并联形式相互连接所述电容器的选择连接装置，所述控制装置包含当所述旋转电机以再生模式运转时控制所述选择连接装置使所述电容器对于所述旋转电机相互并联，而当所述旋转电机以马达方式运转时控制所述选择连接装置使所述电容器对于所述旋转电机串联的装置。
CN90107987A 1989-09-21 1990-09-21 机动车能量回收系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1029053C (zh)

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JP246158/89 1989-09-21
JP1246158A JPH03107532A (ja) 1989-09-21 1989-09-21 車両用エネルギー回収装置

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CN1050358A true CN1050358A (zh) 1991-04-03
CN1029053C CN1029053C (zh) 1995-06-21

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EP (1) EP0418995B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH03107532A (zh)
KR (1) KR910006071A (zh)
CN (1) CN1029053C (zh)
CA (1) CA2023549A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69019445T2 (zh)

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CN1727814B (zh) * 2004-05-10 2010-05-26 威斯通全球技术公司 使用热电元件的混合动力车辆环境控制系统
CN101332774B (zh) * 2008-08-06 2010-07-28 山东理工大学 汽车制动能量再生控制方法
CN101456409B (zh) * 2007-12-13 2012-07-25 比亚迪股份有限公司 车辆的能量回收装置及方法
CN102653242A (zh) * 2011-03-04 2012-09-05 苏州益高电动车辆制造有限公司 电动车辆的驱动装置
CN113281659A (zh) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-20 上海快卜新能源科技有限公司 一种锂电池的能量回收检测装置

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CN102653242A (zh) * 2011-03-04 2012-09-05 苏州益高电动车辆制造有限公司 电动车辆的驱动装置
CN113281659A (zh) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-20 上海快卜新能源科技有限公司 一种锂电池的能量回收检测装置

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KR910006071A (ko) 1991-04-27
DE69019445T2 (de) 1995-09-28
CA2023549A1 (en) 1991-03-22
JPH03107532A (ja) 1991-05-07
DE69019445D1 (de) 1995-06-22
EP0418995A1 (en) 1991-03-27
EP0418995B1 (en) 1995-05-17
CN1029053C (zh) 1995-06-21

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