CN105026876B - 防弹纺织品构造及其方法 - Google Patents

防弹纺织品构造及其方法 Download PDF

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CN105026876B
CN105026876B CN201480009540.4A CN201480009540A CN105026876B CN 105026876 B CN105026876 B CN 105026876B CN 201480009540 A CN201480009540 A CN 201480009540A CN 105026876 B CN105026876 B CN 105026876B
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textile
ballistic fabrics
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CN105026876A (zh
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保罗·卡诺尼卡
保罗·加里波迪
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
    • A41D31/245—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof using layered materials
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    • D03—WEAVING
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    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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    • D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0478—Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides

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Abstract

一种用于防弹的新颖的多方位构造、用于制造其的工艺和由此获得的主要的防弹结果。所述构造包括至少纺织品元件和一个或更多个基于热塑性塑料或热固性塑料的元件。第一纺织品元件(1)包括纺织品纤维。第二元件(2)可以包括基于热塑性塑料、热固性塑料、橡胶或聚合物弹性体的基体布置或热塑性塑料膜以用于根据预期的应用调节纺织品构造特性并且用于辅助减少子弹冲击损伤。上文的元件共同地合作吸收并且散播子弹冲击应力。

Description

防弹纺织品构造及其方法
发明背景
本发明涉及特别适用于提供防弹保护的纺织品构造和用于制造其的方法。
更具体地，本发明涉及所谓“软甲”和“硬甲”类型的防弹纺织品构造。
本发明特别适用于制造混合式或整体式类型的防弹装置、特别地软保护装置。
众所周知，纺织品织物防止子弹或其碎片、或诸如匕首的尖的工具以免穿透所述织物的能力本质上取决于织物纺织品纤维的性质、织法和每单位面积的质量(面密度)。
因而，提供防弹的小重量的高度舒适的和改进性能的织物一直是若干防弹应用中的主要问题。
在越来越多的数目的应用中，改进的防弹纤维由于它们的改进的防弹性能在不同的多轴向装置中被使用以用于制造新颖的织物材料或改进现有的织物材料。
多轴向物品(multi-axial article)借助于由专门的织机进行的纺织品工艺制造。
实际上，这种物品(包括多个相同的或不同的纺织品或其他材料层)将允许其面密度相同，穿透的子弹的能量将被迅速且可靠地分散，从而阻止子弹并且防止它穿透使用者的身体。
在这方面，还已知的是，形成强化纤维的防弹织物材料常常包括适应于有效吸收其经受到的穿透的子弹应力的对位芳族聚酰胺(para-aramide)和UHMWPE纤维。
在多轴向物品中，这种纤维根据不同的编织轴编织并且通过纤维缝合工艺彼此连接。
所述强化纤维和编织工艺提供的织物具有与标准纺织品织物和编织方法相比远远改进的柔性和隔音特征，从而极大增强穿防弹物品的使用者的舒适度。
其中不同取向的高韧性纤维比如对位芳族聚酰胺、UHMWPE和碳纤维被加工以提供多向型防弹物品的现有的重叠方法也是众所周知的。
所述重叠的不同取向的纤维物品增强了容许改进的负载和应力散播以及相应地改进的子弹冲击能量散播的机械特性。
上文的现有的重叠方法包括以可控制的方式用可变的重叠角度(理论上0°至90°)重叠多达4的最大数目的纤维层的步骤，并且在所谓的“多轴向织机”中进行。
在上文的现有方法中，不同的纤维平面或层在最后一步中通过纵向缝合被连接，因而提供了“多轴向”纤维。
所述“多轴向”织机还可以包括辅助工具以将热塑性塑料基体膜、纺织品基体垫或网适当地分布在单个织物层上或所述织物的表面上。
方法还包括另外的织物加工步骤，例如织物的热固、热塑或上胶的基体浸渍的步骤，以扩大防弹物品的应用。
发明概述
因而，本发明的目的是提供此类新颖且改进的多方位防弹纺织品构造。
在上述目的的范围内，本发明的主要的目标是提供此类防弹纺织品构造，其由于其自身的新颖的结构特征，在操作中是非常可靠且安全的。
根据本发明的一个方面，在下文中将会变得更明显的以上提到的目的和目标以及还有其他目标都通过如所附权利要求中所要求保护的防弹纺织品构造及用于制造其的方法实现。
附图简述
根据本发明的优选的但不排他的实施方案(其通过指示性但非限制性的实施例的方式在附图中例证)的以下的详细公开内容，本发明的另外的特性和优点将在下文中变得更明显，其中：
图1是根据本发明的防弹纺织品构造的前部的部分横截面透视图；并且
图2是本发明的防弹纺织品构造的后部的部分横截面透视图。
优选实施方案的描述
根据本发明的防弹纺织品构造通过在四轴织机上进行的新颖的且创新的编织工艺制成，其中第一元件即布置在经轴上的纤维首先被如此交织以便提供纵向纤维平面或层(经向纤维)、横向纤维平面或层(纬向纤维)以及具有相对的角度布置的两个另外的纤维平面或层(其方向在理论上可以从10°变化到80°)。
不同于标准的多轴向编织工艺，本发明的方法提供具有与常规的织物的物品结构或构造相似的物品结构或构造的防弹物品，包括相互交替的纬纱和经纱或纬线和经线，不同地成角的另外的纤维的交叉布置被嵌套在其上。
特别地，本发明的方法提供以设定纤维间距(set fiber pitch)交替布置对角线纤维的步骤，以界定交叉布置相对于纬纱和经纱以预设的纤维结合角度被形成的位置。
文献US 2011/240168(被认为是最相关的现有技术文献)公开多层防弹编织织物，所述多层冲击编织织物(multi-layer ballistic woven fabric)包括：a.上编织层，其具有一起被交织以形成上编织层的上经纱和上纬纱，上经纱和上纬纱是冲击纱；b.下编织层，其具有一起被交织以形成下编织层的下经纱和下纬纱，下经纱和下纬纱是冲击纱，其中上纱和下纱中的至少某些彼此偏移以便重叠10％和95％之间；以及c.多个固定纱，每个固定纱与上纱中的至少某些和下纱中的某些交织以便将上编织层和下编织层固定在一起，固定纱具有比经纱和纬纱明显小的旦尼尔并且具有比经纱和纬纱明显低的韧度和拉伸模量；d.其中多层冲击编织织物通过在上编织层和下编织层被制造时使固定纱与经纱和纬纱交织来形成。
织物经纱可以包括：对位芳族聚酰胺基体的纱或线，例如 或类似的可商购的材料；或UHMWPE纱，例如 或类似的可商购的材料；或其他高韧性材料纤维。
在这方面，应该明显的是所述纱的线密度可视需要为任何适当密度。
接下来，织物纬纱可以包括：对位芳族聚酰胺基体的纱或线，例如或其他可商购的材料；或具有UHMWPE基体的纤维，例如或其他高韧性纤维。
所述纬纱的线密度同样地可以视需要是任何适当的密度。
相对的成角度的平面可以也包括相同的上文的纱类型。
上文的物品可以还包括通过参考数字2指示的另外的加工元件，比如基于热塑性塑料、橡胶或弹性聚合物的基体或其组合，或用不同的热塑性塑料膜比如PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA、或适合于挤压成膜形式的任何期望的热塑性材料层压的热塑性塑料、橡胶或弹性聚合物。
上文的另外的元件将通过下方的支撑体促进子弹冲击能量的散播，这归因于粘弹性变形、纤维断裂或原纤化。
上文的浸渍(impregnation)特别地允许包括上述元件1和2的一个或更多个支撑体层通过按压或模制被压实。
防弹数据清晰地示出了如此制成的构造不提供与通过使用非加工的单个层实现的结果可比较的结果。
实际上，已经发现所述聚合物基体倾向于减弱冲击能量吸收能力。
以下的例证性且非限制性实施例涉及由本申请人进行的实验测试。
公开的测试涉及具有5.10kg/m2至5.2kg/m2重量的封包，这取决于单个层的重量。
所述封包已经被应用于橡皮块(plasticine block)用于通过使用口径9mm FMJRN类型和44弹匣JHC类型的子弹来评估以如由NIJ 0101.06标准定义的开火速度的子弹的创伤。
特别地，在下文中示出通过用于不同的解决方案的两个口径获得的最终值。
实施例1
由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上，并且在以5/1连接(binding)的12线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱成角度的轴上构成均匀的四轴向织物的38层。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
实施例2
由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上，并且在以5/1连接的14线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱成角度的轴上构成均匀的四轴向织物的35层。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
实施例3
由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上构成四轴向织物的35层，成角度的轴包括具有5/1连接的12线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱的670分特的纱。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
实施例4
由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上构成四轴向织物的29层，且成角度的轴包括具有5/1连接的12线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱的930分特的纱。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
实施例5
系统包括10个Style 390层+4个UD UHMWPE层+4个四轴向织物层，所述四轴向织物层由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上构成，成角度的轴包括具有5/1连接的12线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱的930分特的纱+4个UD UHMWPE层+7个AS400S层。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
实施例6
系统包括3个UD UHMWPE层+10个Style 390层+1个UD UHMWPE层+8个四轴向织物层，所述四轴向织物层由440分特的纱在纬向和经向两者上构成，且成角度的轴包括具有5/1连接的12线/cm的纬纱和12线/cm的经纱的930分特的纱+6个UD UHMWPE层+4个AS400S层。
创伤数据和穿孔的层的数目在以下的表中示出：
在实践本发明中，关于单个封包形成层和关于构成单个封包的元件的性质两者，具体细节可以是不同的。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于制造防弹纺织品构造的方法，所述防弹纺织品构造用于通过粘弹性变形、纤维断裂或原纤化来吸收并且散播子弹冲击应力，其中，所述方法包括：
提供四轴织机；
在所述四轴织机上编织由纺织品纬向纤维和纺织品经向纤维制成的第一纺织品支撑体元件，并且用由具有从10°到80°的相对的方位角的两条轴供应的另外的纤维进一步交织所述第一纺织品支撑体元件；以及
提供第二非纺织品元件，所述第二非纺织品元件包括基于热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或弹性聚合物的基体布置，以用于稳定所述防弹纺织品构造并且减少由于子弹冲击的损伤，
由此所述防弹纺织品构造与常规的织物相似，包括相互交替的纺织品纬向纤维和纺织品经向纤维，不同地成角度的另外的纤维被布置在所述相互交替的纺织品纬向纤维和纺织品经向纤维上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述弹性聚合物为橡胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于热塑性塑料的基体布置为热塑性塑料膜。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括稳定工艺，所述稳定工艺包括通过轧光或热层压、或通过具有取决于所使用的热塑性塑料材料的操作参数的IR灯来使热塑性塑料基体部分熔化。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括由基于热塑性塑料或弹性聚合物的基体来浸渍所述防弹纺织品构造的步骤。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括由基于热塑性塑料或橡胶的基体来浸渍所述防弹纺织品构造的步骤。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括用选自PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于被挤压成膜形式的其它热塑性塑料材料的热塑性塑料膜层压的热塑性塑料或弹性聚合物来浸渍所述防弹纺织品构造的步骤。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括用选自PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于被挤压成膜形式的其它热塑性塑料材料的热塑性塑料膜层压的热塑性塑料或橡胶来浸渍所述防弹纺织品构造的步骤。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括通过模制压实所述第一纺织品支撑体元件和所述第二非纺织品元件的一个或多个层的步骤。
10.一种防弹纺织品构造，其通过根据任一前述权利要求1至9所述的方法制成，其中，所述防弹纺织品构造包括所述第一纺织品支撑体元件，所述第一纺织品支撑体元件用由具有从10°到80°的不同方位角的两条轴供应的另外的纤维进一步交织。
11.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述第二非纺织品元件包括基于热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或弹性聚合物的基体布置，以用于稳定所述防弹纺织品构造并且减少子弹冲击损伤。
12.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述第二非纺织品元件包括基于热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或橡胶的基体布置，以用于稳定所述防弹纺织品构造并且减少子弹冲击损伤。
13.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述防弹纺织品构造包括选自的组的对位芳族聚酰胺基体纱，或选自和的组的UHMWPE基体纱。
14.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述第二非纺织品元件包括用选自PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于挤压成膜形式的其它热塑性塑料材料的不同的热塑性塑料膜层压的热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或弹性聚合物。
15.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述第二非纺织品元件包括用选自PE、PU、PP、PA、EVA或适合于挤压成膜形式的其它热塑性塑料材料的不同的热塑性塑料膜层压的热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或橡胶。
16.根据权利要求10所述的防弹纺织品构造，其特征在于，所述第一纺织品支撑体元件和所述第二非纺织品元件被至少部分地浸渍或层压。
17.一种防弹物品，所述防弹物品由根据权利要求10至16中任一项所述的防弹纺织品构造制成。
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