CN105026084B - 用于切向切削刀片的刀架 - Google Patents

用于切向切削刀片的刀架 Download PDF

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CN105026084B
CN105026084B CN201380036604.5A CN201380036604A CN105026084B CN 105026084 B CN105026084 B CN 105026084B CN 201380036604 A CN201380036604 A CN 201380036604A CN 105026084 B CN105026084 B CN 105026084B
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knife rest
bottom side
cutting tip
receiving seat
cutting
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CN105026084A (zh
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I·考夫曼
A·S·莫西德恩阿普杜勒
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Kennametal Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1681Adjustable position of the plate-like cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1622Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having a special shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1618Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having chip-breakers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/04Tool holders for a single cutting tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/04Overall shape
    • B23B2200/0471Square
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/16Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23B2200/163Supporting or bottom surfaces discontinuous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/36Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
    • B23B2200/3681Split inserts, i.e. comprising two or more sections roughly equal in size and having similar or dissimilar cutting geometries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/36Other features of cutting inserts not covered by B23B2200/04 - B23B2200/32
    • B23B2200/369Mounted tangentially, i.e. where the rake face is not the face with the largest area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/12Seats for cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2205/00Fixation of cutting inserts in holders
    • B23B2205/16Shims
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/24Hard, i.e. after being hardened
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2239Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicular on the cutting face
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2298Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts secured by resilient/flexible means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有用于切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的刀架(5),所述切削刀片特别是具有八个刃口的切向切削刀片,所述接纳座具有侧向支撑面(10)、后支撑面(12)和底侧(14),所述底侧(14)在俯视图中呈四边形并且具有凸起的支撑区域(32),所述支撑区域具有相对于彼此倾斜定位的用于所述切削刀片的两个支撑面(36)。

Description

用于切向切削刀片的刀架
技术领域
本发明涉及具有用于切削刀片的接纳座的刀架,所述切削刀片特别是具有八个刃口的切向切削刀片,所述接纳座具有侧向支撑面、后支撑面和底侧。本发明还涉及具有此类刀架和切向切削刀片的组件,该切向切削刀片安装在刀架的接纳座中并靠置在底侧上。
背景技术
从现有技术看,切向切削刀片是已知的。实例可参见DE 10 2007 022 536 A1。切向切削刀片具有两个位置相对、结构类似的底侧,其底侧基本呈正方形,它们相对于彼此旋转。四个类似的侧表面沿底侧周边而成,其中从每个侧表面到两个底侧的过渡处各形成一个主要刃口。在相邻的侧表面之间的过渡处形成次要刃口,其通过圆角半径结合到相应的主要刃口。形成总共八个刃口,其可用于切削待机器加工的材料。
侧表面的几何形状相当复杂。造成此现象的一个原因在于,每个侧表面在底侧的外周之间延伸,相对于彼此旋转。此外,在每个侧表面上实现切屑形成几何形状,随侧表面的两个刃口一起移除的切屑的形状受所述切屑形成几何形状影响。侧表面的复杂形状使得切向切削刀片很难设置在刀架的接纳座之内,以使在切削过程中产生的力以所需的方式引入刀架。
US 2010/0254776 A1公开了在每个侧表面上具有两个截头圆锥形突起的切向切削刀片,所述截头圆锥形突起用于将切向切削刀片支撑在刀架的接纳座内。除了突起使切向切削刀片制备极为复杂这一事实之外,它们还会影响构成切削刀片前刀面侧表面上的切屑流。
发明内容
本发明的目的是改进本文开始处所述类型的刀架,从而轻松将切削刀片可靠地安装在刀架上的接纳座之内。
为实现这个目的,针对本文开始处所述类型的刀架,本发明提供了一个底侧在俯视图中呈四边形并且具有凸起的支撑区域,该支撑区域具有两个专门用于切削刀片且彼此倾斜定位的支撑面。倾斜定位的支撑面与切削刀片的侧表面接触,确保对切削刀片起作用的力能够可靠地传递到刀架内。在这种情况下,切削刀片在支撑面上出现自定心。由于底侧是四边形并且其几何形状因此与切削刀片的侧表面的几何形状大体上一致,因此位于支撑区域正对面的切削刀片的切削刃可另外免受切屑的损坏。为此,可以轻松确保底侧略大于切削刀片的侧表面,从而使得底侧突起略超过切削刀片。
宜规定支撑区域相对于整个底侧回缩。这样,形成环绕的肩部,抵靠在支撑区域上的侧表面的刃口位于该肩部上。
宜规定支撑区域有凸起的脊,该脊将两个支撑面彼此分离。这样,改善切削刀片在支撑区域上的自定心。
在这种情况下,脊最好位于支撑区域上成对角线延伸。因此,支持切削刀片在支撑区域上的自动定位。
根据本发明的一种配置,提供底侧作为安装在刀架上的衬垫件的一部分。这样就可以使用刀架以外的材料来制备衬垫件,从而轻松制备具有所需特性的基底表面。
可以将衬垫件与刀架用螺纹件紧固连接,这样一来,在必要时就可轻松进行更换。如果衬垫件由硬质合金构成,则可制成极高硬度的底侧,使得在操作过程中没有或仅存在极小磨损。
可以打磨衬垫件的底侧以便获得保持紧密度容限的平坦底侧。
根据本发明的替代配置,底侧可以与刀架成一体。在该实施例中,无需单独安装衬垫件,并且免除了与衬垫件到刀架的附接相关的容限。
为实现支撑区域的所需硬度,宜规定底侧经过硬化(例如激光硬化或氮化)处理。
为实现上述目的,还提供了具有刀架和切向切削刀片的组件,其中相对于由切削刀片的暴露的外表面限定的平面观察时,底侧向外突起超过切削刀片。这确保了沿着抵靠在底侧上的切削刀片的侧表面布置的切削刀片的刃口免于受到损坏。
在这种情况下,宜规定底侧长度和宽度大于在其上支撑的切削刀片的长度和宽度。这使得底侧的突起在侧向和前面均超过切削刀片的外轮廓,因此面向底侧的切削刀片的刃口受到保护。
宜规定切削刀片具有多个切削刃,其中面向底侧的切削刃被布置在距底侧一定距离处。这确保了切削刃不能与接纳座的底侧接触,从而确保在这种情况下切削刃免于受到损坏。
附图说明
在下文中结合附图中示出的两个实施例对本发明进行描述,其中:
-图1示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的刀架的透视图;
-图2示出了图1的刀架的侧视图;
-图3示出了图1的刀架的前视图;
-图4示出了图1的刀架的俯视图;
-图5示出了用于图1的刀架的衬垫件的俯视图;
-图6示出了图5的衬垫件的侧视图;
-图7示出了图5的衬垫件的前视图;
-图8示出了沿着图5中的平面VIII-VIII的截面;
-图9示出了沿着图5中的平面IX-IX的截面;
-图10示出了图1中的其中安装了切削刀片的刀架的透视图;
-图11示出了具有图10的切削刀片的刀架的侧视图;
-图12示出了具有图10的切削刀片的刀架的前视图;
-图13示出了放大比例的图12的细节XIII;
-图14示出了具有图10的切削刀片的刀架的俯视图;
-图15示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的刀架的透视图;
-图16示出了图15的刀架的侧视图;和
-图17示出了图15的刀架的正视图。
具体实施方式
图1至14示出了根据第一实施例的刀架5。它包含安装到柄7上的固定部分6,该柄在此处显示为脱离状态。可将柄7安装到刀架支架上。
刀架5的固定部分6提供有接纳座8,其中可安装切削刀片9(参见图10至14)。
接纳座8包含侧向支撑面10、后支撑面12和底侧14。表面10、12、14用于支撑切削刀片9。
切削刀片9为大体上如DE 10 2007 022 536 A1中已知的切向切削刀片。它具有两个大体正方形并且相对于彼此旋转的基底表面20。基底表面20的周边之间提供了四个侧表面22,其中每个侧表面与基底表面形成两个主要刃口24。在每种情况下,在相邻的侧表面22之间的过渡处形成次要刃口26。每个主要刃口24通过圆角半径28结合到相邻的次要刃口26。总的来说,切削刀片9具有八个刃口,它们各自由主要刃口24和次要刃口26以及圆角半径28形成。
在第一实施例中,接纳座8的底侧14(图1中的下表面)为衬垫件30,该衬垫件独立于刀架5配置并安装到后者上。在俯视图中,衬垫件30具有四边形,并且在这种情况下为大体类似平行四边形的形状(参见图5),并且具有凸起的支撑区域32,该支撑区域被位于比支撑区域32更低水平面的环绕的肩部34包围。
通过相对于彼此倾斜定位的两个支撑面36形成支撑区域32,其具有大体三角形形状,以及布置在两个支撑面36之间的凸起的脊38。所述脊在底侧14上成对角线延伸,尤其是沿着较长对角线延伸(参见图5)。在这种情况下,两个支撑面36相对于由脊38或衬垫件30的底侧限定的平面倾斜10°的角度如图8中具体可见,在每种情况下,由于两个支撑面36向外即远离脊38倾斜,底侧14的一部分朝向较长侧周边下降。
衬垫件30可由硬质合金或一些其他具有高硬度的适用材料构成。这样就可以实现所需的耐磨性,尤其是底侧14的耐磨性。衬垫件30的底侧40最好是经过打磨的,以便获得特别平坦的支撑面,通过该支撑面将衬垫件30支撑在刀架5内。为了紧固衬垫件30,可使用延伸穿过居中布置的开口42的紧固螺钉(此处未示出)。
当切向切削刀片9布置在接纳座8内时,该切向切削刀片通过其在衬垫件30的底侧14上尤其是在两个支撑面36上的侧表面之一支撑。后者被构造为使得位于衬垫件30正对面的切削刃24、26位于距衬垫件30的肩部34较短距离处(具体参见图11至13,如图中所示距离)。
参照其尺寸,衬垫件30也能够侧向突起超过切削刀片9,具体地讲超过由侧向布置的基底表面20(具体参见图10)限定的平面,并且还超过布置在刀架的正面上的次要刃口26。在图13中,将超过由对应基底表面20(从而由布置在那里的主要刃口24)限定的平面的衬垫件30的侧向突起指定为s。在图13中所示次要刃口26的区域中,衬垫件30还向前突起,即相对于图13朝向观察者突起。由于衬垫件30的突起,位于衬垫件30对面的刃口很好地免于受到切屑损坏。在这种情况下,由于受衬垫件30保护的不活动刃口相对于切削刀片的活动刃口回缩,所以衬垫件30的突起在操作过程中不会受到破坏;这是由于切削刀片9安装在刀架5上、向两个方向倾斜(参见图11和12)所致。
图15至17示出了根据第二实施例的刀架。使用与第一实施例中已知的元件相同的参考标号,并且就此而言参考上述陈述。
第一和第二实施例之间的差别在于,在第二实施例中,基底表面14被构造为刀架5的整体组成部分,即,直接被构造为接纳座8的界面中的一个。几何形状与第一实施例中的相同;基底表面14因此具有凸起的支撑区域,该支撑区域具有环绕的肩部34、两个支撑面36和脊38。
为确保基底表面14的所需硬度,对基底表面14的区域中的刀架5的材料进行硬化,例如激光硬化、感应硬化或氮化。

Claims (13)

1.一种具有用于切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的刀架(5),所述接纳座具有侧向支撑面(10)、后支撑面(12)和底侧(14),其特征在于,所述底侧(14)在俯视图中呈四边形并且具有凸起的支撑区域(32),所述支撑区域具有相对于彼此倾斜定位的用于所述切削刀片的两个支撑面(36),并且,所述支撑区域(32)具有凸起的脊(38),所述凸起的脊将所述两个支撑面(36)彼此分离,所述脊(38)在所述支撑区域(32)上成对角线延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述支撑区域(32)相对于所述底侧(14)的周边是回缩的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述底侧(14)为安装在所述刀架(5)上的衬垫件(30)的一部分。
4.根据权利要求3所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述衬垫件(30)与所述刀架(5)用螺纹件紧固连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述衬垫件(30)由硬质合金构成。
6.根据权利要求3所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述衬垫件(30)的底侧(40)是经过打磨的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述底侧(14)被构造为与所述刀架(5)成一体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述底侧(14)是经过硬化处理的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的刀架,其特征在于,所述底侧(14)是经过激光硬化的、感应硬化的或氮化的。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的刀架,其特征在于,该切削刀片(9)是具有八个刃口的切向切削刀片。
11.一种组件,所述组件具有根据权利要求1-10中的任一项所述的刀架(5)和切削刀片(9),所述切削刀片安装在所述接纳座中并靠置在所述切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的底侧(14)上,其特征在于,相对于由所述切削刀片(9)的暴露的基面(20)限定的平面观察,所述切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的底侧(14)向外突起超过所述切削刀片(9)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组件,其特征在于,所述切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的底侧(14)的长度和宽度大于支撑在其上的所述切削刀片(9)的长度和宽度。
13.根据权利要求11或权利要求12所述的组件,其特征在于,所述切削刀片具有多个切削刃(24,26),其中,面向所述切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的底侧(14)的切削刃(24,26)被布置在距所述切削刀片(9)的接纳座(8)的底侧(14)一定距离处。
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