CN105016292A - Anti-frosting method with low energy consumption - Google Patents
Anti-frosting method with low energy consumption Download PDFInfo
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- CN105016292A CN105016292A CN201410167033.5A CN201410167033A CN105016292A CN 105016292 A CN105016292 A CN 105016292A CN 201410167033 A CN201410167033 A CN 201410167033A CN 105016292 A CN105016292 A CN 105016292A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-frosting method with low energy consumption. The anti-frosting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: forming a nanostructure on the surface of a substrate, and modifying a low surface energy substance, so as to obtain a micro-droplet self-release surface capable of delaying frost crystal formation and/or accelerating frost crystal melting, and then realizing a frost-free surface by combining with an auxiliary method with micro-energy consumption under low energy consumption. According to the anti-frosting method disclosed by the invention, by a chemical deposition method, an electrochemical corrosion method and the like, various nanostructures (such as nanocones, nanoneedles, nanoflowers and multi-scale nanostructures) are prepared on the substrate material and the low surface energy substance is modified to obtain the micro-droplet self-release surface, such surface can effectively delay the frost crystal formation under the conditions of high humidity and wall temperature lower than the freezing point, and the frost crystal covering time of the surface is dozens of times that of a smooth surface; by further combining with the auxiliary means with micro-energy consumption, the frost-free surface can be realized for a long time under low energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of frosting resistance method, particularly a kind of method by realizing low energy consumption frosting resistance in substrate surface formation particular nanostructure, belongs to energy-saving nanometer field of material technology.
Background technology
Frost is prevalent in the equipment such as heat pump, refrigerator, air-conditioning and aerospace industries, huge for the safety effects in energy ezpenditure and aerospace industries.For heat pump, after its evaporimeter frosting, heat transference efficiency not only can be caused to decline, even can make source pump cisco unity malfunction.Therefore in order to increase machinery service life, reduce energy consumption, find suppress the material of frosting or method extremely important.Industrial conventional Defrost method has: natural defrosting, spray defrosting, electric heater defrosting, hot gas defrosting.Nature defrosting can make equipment room humidity raise, and causes frosting when again starting shooting to speed; Spray defrosting is only applicable to the place that device temperature allows to rise to more than 0 DEG C, and defrosting cost increases, and equipment is complicated; Electric heater defrosting power consumption is large, and cost is high; The factor impacts such as hot gas defrosting understands influential system stability, and defrosting effect is still measured by defrosting, and low level heat energy is not enough.These methods all can not tackle the problem at its root, and with a large amount of energy consumption for cost.Therefore give surface frosting resistance performance by simple and effective low energy consumption method, there is important economic benefit and social benefit.
In succession carry out the research suppressing (preparing hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface) frosting by changing cold surface characteristic both at home and abroad; wherein water-wetted surface [Okoroafor EU, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 1999; 32 (18), 2454 ~ 2461; Okoroafor EU, Newborough M, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2000,20 (8), 737 ~ 758] poor durability, is pressed down frost effect meeting by rear its of dust covering restricted, hydrophobic surface can delay frosting really because its nucleation energy barrier is high but the not remarkable [Wu Xiaomin of carryover effects, Wang Weicheng, the theory analysis of frosting on a cold surface initial configuration, Engineering Thermophysics journal, 2003,2 (2): 286 ~ 288].The high-hydrophobicity anti-icing of the preparation such as Li Huiling and anti-frosting coatings (CN101307208), when low air humidity, wall surface temperature are relatively low, the time delay more than 3 hours that initial frost crystal can be occurred, frosting degree reduces by 40 %.But this technology only considers low-humidity environment, antifrost problem under not mentioned high humility (RH > 50 %) environment, and during southern area winter, humidity is higher, especially at sleety weather, relative humidity can reach 85 %.The research on the antifrost surface therefore under high humidity environment is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low energy consumption frosting resistance method, it is applicable as the frosting resistance technology in high humidity environment, frost-resistant excellent effect, and energy consumption is low, thus overcomes deficiency of the prior art.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of low energy consumption frosting resistance method, comprise: form nanostructured at substrate surface, and modify low-surface energy substance, thus acquisition can postpone the microlayer model of hoar crystal formation and/or the thawing of acceleration hoar crystal from expelling surface, again in conjunction with micro-energy consumption householder method, under low energy consumption, realize frostless surface.
Further, described nanostructured comprises the combination of any one or more in nanocone, nanoneedle, nano flower.
Further, described nanostructured also can comprise multi-dimension nano structure.
Preferably, described nanostructured comprises any one or more the combination of array distribution in the nanocone of substrate surface, nanoneedle, nano flower, multiple dimensioned nanostructured.
Further, in the present invention, can be selected from but be not limited to chemical deposition, electrochemical erosion method, chemical corrosion method, photoetching process for the method forming nanostructured at substrate material surface, method of electrostatic spinning or phase separation method.
Further, described low-surface energy substance can be selected from but be not limited to silicon fluoride, siloxanes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silane coupler or higher fatty acids.
Further, in the present invention, the method in order to modify low-surface energy substance can be selected from but be not limited to soak or vapour deposition method.
Further, the material of described substrate can be selected from any one suitable organic and inorganic material, such as, and metal, macromolecular material etc., and be not limited thereto.
Further, described micro-energy consumption householder method can be selected from but be not limited to wind or the micro-heating means of electric heating etc.
Further, described micro-energy consumption householder method can be continuous or intermittent enforcement.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention comprises: by forming microlayer model from expelling surface on base material, make it under high humility, cryogenic conditions, effectively can delay formation and the rate of propagation of hoar crystal, even and if this surperficial frosting, by being aided with simple low energy consumption supplementary means, the modes such as such as wind, just can melt except hoar crystal fast, especially when intermittence uses aforementioned low energy consumption supplementary means, also can realize frostless surface in long-time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 in the present invention one exemplary embodiments obtain drop on nanostructured surface from expelling figure, wherein, a is the optical picture that on common smooth surface, drop cannot freeze in 540 s from expelling, and b is that nanostructured surface drop expels figure certainly, and c, d, e are that drop is from expelling detail view.
Fig. 2 in the present invention one exemplary embodiments obtain the frosting when 30 min of nanostructured surface and blank copper sheet and contrast photo, a is blank copper sheet, and surface forms frost layer, and b is nanostructured surface, now only there is micro-hoar crystal marginal portion, and c is non-frosting partial drop form on the surface.
Fig. 3 in the present invention one exemplary embodiments obtain the optical picture of nanostructured surface when intermittent blowing 2 h, can see that its surface is without hoar crystal, wherein white arrow is wind direction.
Detailed description of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of novel low energy consumption frosting resistance method, its main technical schemes comprises: preparation has microlayer model from the nanostructured surface expelling performance, and in conjunction with supplementary means such as micro-energy consumptions, realizes the frosting resistance surface of low energy consumption.
Specifically, the present invention can prepare various nanostructured (as nanocone, nanoneedle, nano flower, multiple dimensioned nanostructured etc.) by chemical deposition, electrochemical erosion method etc. in substrate, and modify low-surface energy substance at the substrate surface with nanostructured, thus obtain microlayer model from expelling surface, this surface is in high humility and effectively can postpone hoar crystal under the subfreezing condition of wall surface temperature and formed, and its hoar crystal cover time is tens times of smooth surface; Further combined with micro-energy consumption supplementary means, can long-time under low energy consumption in realize frostless surface.
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment the technical solution of the present invention is further explained explanation.
embodiment 1
(1) organic grease and the inorganic impurity on copper sheet surface is removed in cleaning.
(2) with the mixed solution of cobalt chloride and urea for reaction solution, copper sheet is immersed, water-bath 11 h at 60 DEG C.After taking-up cleaning dries up, when putting into baking oven at 120 DEG C together with 5 μ L silicon fluorides, dry 2 h, can obtain there is drop from the nano-cone array body structure surface (following abbreviation " nanostructured surface ") expelling anti-pumping performance.
(3) consult shown in Fig. 2 and tie up to high humility (relative humidity 60 %, environment temperature 23 DEG C), the frosting comparison diagram of nanostructured surface and blank copper sheet (common smooth copper sheet) under the condition of wall surface temperature-10 DEG C.Can see, on described nanostructured surface, when 30 min, only have a small amount of hoar crystal to exist at edge, after 149 min, hoar crystal just covers the area of 2.5 × 3.5 cm, and common smooth copper sheet is just covered all surfaces by hoar crystal when 5 min, during 30 min, form thicker frost layer.
(4) to described nanostructured surface apply 23 DEG C, the wind of 3 m/s time, hoar crystal can melt easily, and common smooth copper sheet on the surface hoar crystal cannot melt.And when use intermittent blowing (blow 1 min wind in every 10 min, wind-warm syndrome and wind speed the same) time, described nanostructured surface can realize frostless surface in long-time.
embodiment 2
(1) organic grease and the inorganic impurity on copper sheet surface is removed in cleaning.
(2) with the mixed solution of cobalt chloride and urea for reaction solution, copper sheet is immersed, water-bath 6 ~ 7 h at 60 DEG C.After taking-up cleaning dries up, when putting into baking oven at 120 DEG C together with 5 μ L silicon fluorides, dry 2 h, can obtain there is drop from the nano needle arrays body structure surface expelling anti-pumping performance.
embodiment 3
(1) organic grease and the inorganic impurity on copper sheet surface is removed in cleaning.
(2) with the mixed solution of zinc nitrate and NaOH for reaction solution, copper sheet is immersed, water-bath 2 h at 60 DEG C.After taking-up cleaning dries up, when putting into baking oven at 120 DEG C together with 5 μ L silicon fluorides, dry 2 h, can obtain there is drop from the nanometer flower structure surface expelling anti-pumping performance.
embodiment 4
(1) organic grease and the inorganic impurity on aluminium flake surface is removed in cleaning.
(2) electrolyte is the phosphoric acid solution of 2 vt%, reaction temperature 50 ° of C, and voltage raises with the speed of 0.5 V/10 s from 25 V, and electric current increases simultaneously, when electric current rises to 1.0 A, stops reaction.After taking-up cleaning dries up, when putting into baking oven at 120 DEG C together with 5 μ L silicon fluorides, dry 2 h, can obtain that there is drop surperficial from the nano array structure (multi-dimension nano structure) of the post holes compound expelling anti-pumping performance.
When the method with reference to embodiment 1, when carrying out frosting resistance test to nanostructured surface that embodiment 2-4 obtains, can obtain similar test result, its performance is far superior to common common smooth copper sheet, aluminium flake.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, but it all drops on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (9)
1. a low energy consumption frosting resistance method, it is characterized in that comprising: form nanostructured at substrate surface, and modify low-surface energy substance, thus acquisition can postpone the microlayer model of hoar crystal formation and/or the thawing of acceleration hoar crystal from expelling surface, again in conjunction with micro-energy consumption householder method, under low energy consumption, realize frostless surface.
2. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described nanostructured comprises the combination of any one or more in nanocone, nanoneedle, nano flower.
3. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described nanostructured comprises any one or more the combination of array distribution in the nanocone of substrate surface, nanoneedle, nano flower.
4. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the method for forming nanostructured at substrate material surface comprises chemical deposition, electrochemical erosion method, chemical corrosion method, photoetching process, method of electrostatic spinning or phase separation method.
5. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described low-surface energy substance comprises silicon fluoride, siloxanes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silane coupler or higher fatty acids.
6. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, the method that it is characterized in that modifying low-surface energy substance comprises immersion or vapour deposition method.
7. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the material of described substrate comprises organic and/or inorganic material.
8. low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described micro-energy consumption householder method comprises wind or the micro-heating means of electric heating.
9. the low energy consumption frosting resistance method according to claim 1 or 8, is characterized in that described micro-energy consumption householder method is continuous or intermittent enforcement.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017161920A1 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | 苏州蓝锐纳米科技有限公司 | Aircraft wing provided with nanolayer having spontaneous condensate drop propelling function |
| CN109028724A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-18 | 上海理工大学 | A method of improving evaporator defrost performance |
| CN109929285A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-25 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | A kind of composite material and preparation method and application |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017161920A1 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | 苏州蓝锐纳米科技有限公司 | Aircraft wing provided with nanolayer having spontaneous condensate drop propelling function |
| CN109028724A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-18 | 上海理工大学 | A method of improving evaporator defrost performance |
| CN109929285A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-25 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | A kind of composite material and preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20151104 |