CN105014077A - Preparation method of powder metallurgical gear and chain wheel - Google Patents
Preparation method of powder metallurgical gear and chain wheel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a preparation method of a powder metallurgical gear and a chain wheel. The method comprises the steps that 0.1-1.5% of carbon, 0-4% of copper, 0-5% of nickel, 0-2% of molybdenum, 0.0-18% of chromium, not larger than 2% of inevitable impurities and the balanced iron, by mass in percentage, are mixed into mixed powder; the mixed powder is pressed into a gear (chain wheel) green body with the density being 6.6-7.4 g/cm<3> on a pressing machine with the pressure larger than 400 MPa; then, sintering is performed at the temperature of 1000-1350 DEG C, and the sintering time is 5-180 min; annealing is performed in the non-oxidizing atmosphere, the annealing temperature is 750-1080 DEG C, and the time is 5-200 min; uniform extrusion is performed through an extrusion molding machine or a finishing pressing machine or a refitting pressing machine, and the extrusion amount is 2% larger than the diameter difference between the point circle and root circle; and thermal treatment is performed to obtain the finished product. The manufacturing technology is simple, the precision of the obtained gear (chain wheel) is high, and the surface smoothness is good; the production cost is lowered, and the production efficiency is improved; and compared with the traditional powder metallurgical technology, the product density is higher, and the surface densification is achieved basically.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technology, the preparation method of especially a kind of ferrous based powder metallurgical gear, sprocket wheel.
Background technology
Tooth (chain) wheel is as the important spare part of transmission system, and traditional method is all shaped by machining.The tooth (chain) of machining takes turns current main machining method has steel be directly shaped by the method for machining and passed through cold-extrusion shaping.The method operation of machining is longer, and utilization rate of raw materials is lower, and greatly between 40 ~ 60%, product cost is higher, and uniformity is poor, and production efficiency is lower, is difficult to meet the requirement good to uniformity in enormous quantities.
And adopt cold-stamped method to be shaped, generally need warm forging base, then cold-extrusion shaping.Forging ' s block dimension precision is high, dimensional uniformity good, the profile accuracy of any surface finish, internal gear is high, gear profile is clear, and outer surface machining allowance is less; Stock utilization reaches about 90%; Warm Forging Die (die) life-span 5000 ~ 6000, and cold extrusion die (punch) life-span 8000 ~ 10000; The appearance of cold-extruded part is bright and clean, and machine-finish allowance is few, and significantly reduce subsequent mechanical labor content, with short production cycle, production efficiency is high.But the loss of cold-stamped method mould is comparatively large, cost is also difficult to the requirement meeting the industry such as automobile, motorcycle.
Powder metallurgy is effective technique of production high strength and complex shape part.Also occurred at present adopting powder metallurgical technique to prepare gear to replace traditional manufacturing process, as the Chinese invention patent " a kind of powder metallurgy start chainwheel, gear " that the patent No. is CN201110323618.8, adopt powder metallurgical technique once compressing, its raw material weight percentage is: iron: 95.5 ~ 98%; Carbon: 0.3 ~ 1.2%; Copper: 0.7 ~ 2%; Manganese sulfide: 0.1 ~ 0.5%; Zinc stearate: 0.3 ~ 1.2%.The patent No. is the Chinese invention patent " a kind of powder metallurgical gear and preparation method thereof " of CN201310248909.4 in addition, it is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following weight portion: iron powder 96-99, molybdenum powder 1.2-1.4, aluminium powder 2.1-2.4, carborundum 0.8-1.0, stearic acid 2.3-2.6, ATBC 1.2-1.5, Be0.2-0.3, Pb0.1-0.2, Mg0.9-1.2, La0.1-0.15, carborundum 1.2-1.4, niobium carbide 0.3-0.4, Nb
2o
50.2-0.3, SnO
20.5-0.6, boronation two molybdenum 1.0-1.2, dispersant 2-3.It changes pulp furnish, can strengthen toughness and the intensity of powder metallurgical gear.Current powder metallurgical technique can produce density more than 7.4g/cm
3part, but for more than 7.6g/cm
3part, current main manufacturing technology comprises injection moulding, power forging.And the level of density of repressing and re-sintering technology is roughly at 7.4 ~ 7.6g/cm
3between.In addition, also have surface densification technology, make profiled parts realize the local densified of gear surface by cross rolling (roll extrusion).
PM technique the 23rd volume first phase in 2005 the 62nd page describes surperficial gear densification technology (surface densification---a kind of effective ways improving sintered gear(s) performance).This kind ofly realizes the local densified method of the flank of tooth.Mainly through the Problem of Failure of local densified solution gear, because major part lost efficacy for surface contact is tired, improved density and can improve fatigue behaviour.
At heat treatment industry case-carbonizing as you know, Surface heat-treatent (high frequency or LASER HEAT TREATMENT), firmness outside (carbon content) is high, and wearability is good, and centre hardness (carbon content) is low, good toughness.Powdered metal parts is due to the existence of hole, and surface contact fatigue stress is often compared with the difference of casting steel processing.By surface densification process, the surface of teeth portion contact almost reaches full densification.
After surface densification, teeth portion is pore-free surface and multiple-aperture core portion; What only superficial density was high bears applied stress, and relative cost is lower; Sintered gear(s) is under the repeat-rolling of roller mould, and profile of tooth and precision increase.
The dimensional accuracy of gear can be improved further by surface densification.Surface densifying depth, more than 0.7mm, can increase substantially the surface contact fatigue stress of gear.In addition, the surface roughness of gear reaches the standard of " minute surface ", and when result gear runs, noise is lower.The gear of this surperficial atresia is after suitable heat treatment, and its bending fatigue strength and contact fatigue strength reach the level of 8620 carburizing steel completely.Manufacture above-mentioned helical gear operation as follows: shaping (high density); Sintering (controlled cooling model speed); Machined; Surface densification; Heat treatment (control heat treatment deformation).
The advantage of surface densification is as follows: teeth portion imporosity; Good surface; Increase wearability; Reduce noise; Improve corrosion resistance; Gear size precision is high; Improve the fatigue properties of part.But surface densification technology is only applicable to the minority parts such as external gear, range of application is comparatively limited.In addition, for the part of carbon content more than more than 0.3%, because hardness is higher, surface rolling (densified) is difficulty comparatively, and superficial density is difficult to promote.
Above-mentioned technology all has some limitations.One-shot forming sintering is due to the impact of the lightweight material such as lubricant and graphite, and density refractory is to improve.For injection molding technique, be only applicable to the part that shape is responsible for, and too poor for simple shape larger-size part cost performance.The precision of power forging is lower, and mould loss is larger.
For repressing and re-sintering technique, product density is at 7.4 ~ 7.6g/cm
3between.In order to avoid or slow down Carbon diffusion, retain more ferrite, general pre-sintering temperature is generally about 780 ~ 850 DEG C, along with the lifting of pre-sintering temperature, Carbon diffusion increase, pearlite etc. organize ratio significantly to increase.Along with content of pearlite in alloy increases, the pressure of multiple pressure increases, and mould loss simultaneously also increases.
Therefore, need to develop new technique, solve precision and the density issue of powder metallurgy product, this density of taking turns for raising powder metallurgy toothed (chain), the especially local density of the flank of tooth, the application taken turns for powder metallurgy toothed (chain) has vital meaning.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the preparation method providing a kind of powder metallurgical gear, sprocket wheel for the above-mentioned state of the art, preparation technology is simple, obtained gear, sprocket wheel precision is high, surface smoothness good, effectively eliminating in forging process makes mould easily produce a difficult problem for be full of cracks owing at high temperature carrying out, thus reduce production cost, improve production efficiency.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: the preparation method of a kind of powder metallurgical gear, sprocket wheel, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) get out raw material, carbon, iron, chromium, molybdenum, copper, nickel are mixed into a point powder by following mass percent, and proportioning is carbon: 0.1 ~ 1.5%, copper: 0 ~ 4%, nickel: 0 ~ 5%, molybdenum: 0 ~ 2%, chromium: 0 ~ 18%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, iron: surplus;
Wherein, chromium, molybdenum, copper, nickel add with ferroalloy or foundry alloy form, and carbon adds with form of graphite, then add the lubricant that mass percentage content is 0.1 ~ 1%;
2) press above-mentioned mixed powder being greater than 400MPa at pressure is pressed into the gear or sprocket wheel green compact that density is 6.6 ~ 7.4g/cm3;
3) said gear or sprocket wheel green compact are sintered in temperature 1000 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C, the time of sintering is 5 ~ 180 minutes;
4) anneal in non-oxidizing atmosphere, annealing temperature is 750 ~ 1080 DEG C, the annealing of annealing temperature retention time 5 ~ 200 minutes, for carbon content lower than 0.3% and molybdenum, chromium, nickel and copper alloy total content lower than 2% gear or sprocket wheel, annealing operation can be alternatively.
5) extrude: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, amount of compression L2 is greater than 2% of the difference of outside circle and root diameter, i.e. L2 >=(da-d)/2 × 2%, for internal gear, then amount of compression L2 is greater than 2% of the difference of root circle and tip diameter, then L2 >=(d-da)/2 × 2%, wherein, da is tip diameter, and d is root diameter;
6) heat treatment: hardening heat is 750 ~ 1250 DEG C, be incubated 10 ~ 240 minutes, temperature is 150 ~ 600 DEG C, be incubated 5 ~ 200 minutes, for sintering after carbon content be greater than 0.4% gear or sprocket wheel can adopt high frequency or intermediate frequency heat treatment, heat treated case depth 0.2 ~ 5mm, temperature is 150 ~ 600 DEG C, be incubated 5 ~ 200 minutes, or adopt high frequency or Medium frequency induction tempering.
As improvement, the lubricant of described step 1) and graphite etc. adopt bonding processing mode to add.
As improvement, described step 2) compacting adopts warm-pressing formation or mold heated to be shaped to reduce pressing pressure or to improve green density further, and the pressing pressure of press is 600Mpa.
As improvement, described step 3) sintering be carry out in vacuum sintering furnace or based on nitrogen, the ratio of hydrogen is carry out in the sintering furnace of 1 ~ 75vol%.
Improve, after described step 4) annealing, the cooling velocity from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C is less than 1.5 DEG C/S again.
Improve, sintering and the annealing two procedures of described step 3), step 4) can unite two into one, and temperature are controlled to be incubated in annealing temperature after sintering terminates, and drop to room temperature according to the time of annealing with cooling requirement again.
Further improvement, described step 5) extruding is evenly extruding or non-homogeneous extruding, in extrusion process, for external tooth, extrusion die former is at least divided into guide section and sizing section two parts, and for internal tooth, plug is at least divided into guide section and sizing section two parts.For amount of compression L2, it can be evenly distributed in toothed peripheral, also can non-uniform Distribution at toothed peripheral, concrete form has that tooth top region does not extrude, tooth top tooth root region does not extrude and tooth root region such as not to extrude at the form, maximum deflection is defined as, L2 >=(da-d)/2 × 2% for now amount of compression L2.
Further improvement, after described step 6) heat treatment terminates, also increases bead, to improve fatigue strength and the superficial density of product further.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the operation increasing extruding, substantially increase the density of product, especially outer surface density, make the gear that obtains or sprocket wheel precision is high, surface smoothness good, effectively eliminating in forging process makes mould easily produce a difficult problem for be full of cracks owing at high temperature carrying out, thus reduces production cost, improves production efficiency.Manufacture craft of the present invention is simple, and compared with prior powder metallurgy technique, the density of product is higher, and the density in teeth portion region can more than 7.60g/cm
3, close to the level of power forging, and surperficial relative density can reach more than 99%, substantially realizes surface densification.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of gear prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 2 evenly extrudes amount of compression schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is non-homogeneous extruding amount of compression schematic diagram (tooth top does not extrude);
Fig. 4 is non-homogeneous extruding amount of compression schematic diagram (tooth top tooth root does not extrude);
Fig. 5 is non-homogeneous extruding amount of compression schematic diagram (tooth root does not extrude);
Fig. 6 is extruding former schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is extruding former top view;
Fig. 8 is extruding plug schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is pattern before teeth portion extruding;
Figure 10 is pattern after teeth portion extruding;
Figure 11 is pattern before flank extruding;
Figure 12 is pattern after flank extruding;
Figure 13 is pattern after tooth top extruding;
Figure 14 is pattern after tooth root extruding;
Figure 15 is flank of tooth pattern after heat treatment;
Figure 16 is heat treatment backgear heart portion pattern;
Figure 17 is flank of tooth pattern after heat treatment;
Figure 18 is heat treatment backgear heart portion pattern.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, following percentage is mass percent.
Embodiment one:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron copper and carbon, its proportioning is: atomized iron powder is 96.8%; Carbon is 0.70%, and copper powder is 2%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.10g/cm at the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1200 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and carries out in vacuum sintering furnace;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 850 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.1 DEG C/S;
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%, and for internal gear, then L2 >=(d-da)/2 × 2%, wherein, da is tip diameter, and d is root diameter, sees Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.For external tooth, extrusion die former (die) is at least divided into two parts: guide section 1 and sizing section 2, as shown in Figure 6.For internal tooth, plug is at least divided into two parts: guide section 3 and sizing section 4, as shown in Figure 8;
6. heat treatment: bulk heat treatmet, quenching and preserving heat 850 DEG C, temperature retention time 30 minutes, carbon potential is 0.7%, and temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes.
Before teeth portion extruding, pattern is shown in Fig. 9; After teeth portion extruding, pattern is shown in Figure 10; Before flank extruding, pattern is shown in Figure 11; After flank extruding, pattern is shown in Figure 12; After tooth top extruding, pattern is shown in Figure 13; After tooth root extruding, pattern is shown in Figure 14; After heat treatment, flank of tooth pattern is shown in Figure 15; Heat treatment backgear heart portion pattern is shown in Figure 16.Clearly can be found out by these photos, after extruding, significantly improve the density of teeth portion.
Embodiment two:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of siderochrome molybdenum and carbon, its proportioning is: iron alloy powder (chromium is 3.0%, and molybdenum is 0.5%, and inevitably other materials, are less than 1%, and iron is surplus) is 50%, and straight iron powder is 48.7%; Carbon is 0.8%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. the tooth (chain) that above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.2g/cm3 at the pressure of 600MPa is taken turns green compact.
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1120 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and is carrying out based on nitrogen, in the ratio of the hydrogen sintering furnace at 10vol%;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 850 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.1 DEG C/S.
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 10%;
6. heat treatment: after high-frequency quenching, case depth 0.5mm, temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 130 minutes.
Embodiment three:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of siderochrome molybdenum and carbon, its proportioning is: iron alloy powder (chromium is 17.0%, and molybdenum is 1.0%, and inevitably other materials, are less than 1%, and iron is surplus) is 99.2%; Carbon is 0.3%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. be density 6.60g/cm by above-mentioned mixed powder temperature and pressure under the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part sinter in temperature 1200 DEG C, the time of sintering is 60 minutes, sinters and carries out in vacuum sintering furnace, cooling stage after sintering in 890 DEG C insulation 60 minutes annealing, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.15 DEG C/S;
4. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 5%;
5. heat treatment: carburizing and quenching, carburizing temperature 920 DEG C, 120 minutes time, carbon potential is 1.0%, and temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 130 minutes.
Embodiment four:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of siderochrome molybdenum and carbon, its proportioning is: iron alloy powder (chromium is 3.0%, and molybdenum is 0.5%, and inevitably other materials, are less than 1%, and iron is surplus) is 45%, and straight iron powder is 54.3%; Carbon is 0.2%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. be density 7.2g/cm by above-mentioned mixed powder temperature and pressure under the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1120 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and is carrying out based on nitrogen, in the ratio of the hydrogen sintering furnace at 10vol%;
4. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 5%;
5. heat treatment, carburizing and quenching, quenching carburizing temperature 900 DEG C, carbon potential is 1.0%, is incubated 120 minutes; Temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 130 minutes.
Embodiment five:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron molybdenum ambrose alloy and carbon, its proportioning is: (molybdenum is 0.5% to iron alloy powder, and copper is 1.5%; Nickel is 1.75%; Inevitably other materials, be less than 1%, iron is surplus) be 98.7%; Carbon is 0.8%,
Then the lubricant that content is 0.5% is added;
2. the tooth (chain) that above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.05g/cm3 at the pressure of 600MPa is taken turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1120 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and is carrying out based on nitrogen, in the ratio of the hydrogen sintering furnace at 10vol%;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 880 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.2 DEG C/S;
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%;
6. heat treatment, after high-frequency quenching, case depth 0.8mm, temperature is 180 DEG C, is incubated 100 minutes.
After heat treatment, flank of tooth pattern is shown in Figure 17; Heat treatment backgear heart portion pattern is shown in Figure 18.
Embodiment six:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron nickel and carbon, its proportioning is: atomized iron powder is 96.8%; Carbon is 0.70%, and nickel powder is 2%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.10g/cm at the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1200 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and carries out in vacuum sintering furnace;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 850 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.1 DEG C/S;
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%;
6. heat treatment: bulk heat treatmet, quenching and preserving heat 850 DEG C, temperature retention time 30 minutes, carbon potential is 0.7%, and temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes.
Embodiment seven:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron molybdenum and carbon, its proportioning is: ferromolybdenum powder (molybdenum is 0.85%, and inevitably other materials, are less than 1%, and iron is surplus) is 98.5%; Carbon is 1.0%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.0g/cm at the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact.
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1120 DEG C, the time of sintering is 60 minutes, sinter to carry out in vacuum sintering furnace or based on nitrogen, the ratio of hydrogen carries out in the sintering furnace of 10vol%;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 850 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.05 DEG C/S.
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%;
6. heat treatment, after high-frequency quenching, case depth 1.0mm, temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 130 minutes.
Embodiment eight:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron molybdenum and carbon, its proportioning is: ferromolybdenum powder (molybdenum is 1.5%, and inevitably other materials, are less than 1%, and iron is surplus) is 99.2%; Carbon is 0.3%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. the tooth (chain) that above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.0g/cm3 at the pressure of 600MPa is taken turns green compact.
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1120 DEG C, the time of sintering is 60 minutes, sinter to carry out in vacuum sintering furnace or based on nitrogen, the ratio of hydrogen carries out in the sintering furnace of 10vol%;
4. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%;
5. heat treatment: after carburizing heat treatment, carburizing temperature 900 DEG C, carburizing temperature retention time 120 minutes, carbon potential 0.9%, temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 130 minutes.
Embodiment nine:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron nickel and carbon, its proportioning is: atomized iron powder is 96.8%; Carbon is 0.70%, and nickel powder is 2%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.10g/cm at the pressure of 600MPa
3tooth (chain) take turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1200 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and carries out in vacuum sintering furnace; Be cooled to 850 DEG C to anneal, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.1 DEG C/S;
4. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, and extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%;
5. heat treatment: bulk heat treatmet, quenching and preserving heat 850 DEG C, temperature retention time 30 minutes, carbon potential is 0.7%, and temperature is 200 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes.
Embodiment ten:
1. get out raw material, i.e. the mixed powder of iron copper and carbon, its proportioning is: atomized iron powder is 96.8%; Carbon is 0.70%, and copper powder is 2%, then adds the lubricant that content is 0.5%;
2. the tooth (chain) that above-mentioned mixed powder is made as density 7.10g/cm3 at the pressure of 600MPa is taken turns green compact;
3. sinter, this tooth (chain) is taken turns part and sinters in temperature 1200 DEG C, the time of sintering is 20 minutes, sinters and carries out in vacuum sintering furnace;
4. anneal: annealing temperature is 850 DEG C; Atmosphere is nitrogen, annealing temperature retention time be 60 minutes, after annealing from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C cooling velocity be 0.1 DEG C/S;
5. (finishing) is extruded: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, extrusion deformation degree L2 is (da-d)/2 × 8%, and for internal gear, then L2 >=(d-da)/2 × 2%, wherein, da is tip diameter, and d is root diameter, sees Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.For external tooth, extrusion die former (die) is at least divided into two parts: guide section and sizing section.For internal tooth, plug is at least divided into two parts: guide section and sizing section.Structural representation is shown in Fig. 6, shown in 8;
6. heat treatment: high-frequency quenching and tempering.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for powder metallurgical gear, sprocket wheel, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) get out raw material, carbon, iron, chromium, molybdenum, copper, nickel are mixed into a point powder by following mass percent, and proportioning is carbon: 0.1 ~ 1.5%, copper: 0 ~ 4%, nickel: 0 ~ 5%, molybdenum: 0 ~ 2%, chromium: 0 ~ 18%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, iron: surplus;
Wherein, chromium, molybdenum, copper, nickel add with ferroalloy or foundry alloy form, and carbon adds with form of graphite, then add the lubricant that mass percentage content is 0.1 ~ 1%;
2) it is 6.6 ~ 7.4g/cm that the press above-mentioned mixed powder being greater than 400MPa at pressure is pressed into density
3gear or sprocket wheel green compact;
3) said gear or sprocket wheel green compact are sintered in temperature 1000 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C, the time of sintering is 5 ~ 180 minutes;
4) anneal in non-oxidizing atmosphere, annealing temperature is 750 ~ 1080 DEG C, the annealing of annealing temperature retention time 5 ~ 200 minutes, for carbon content lower than 0.3% and molybdenum, chromium, nickel and copper alloy total content lower than 2% gear or sprocket wheel, annealing operation can be alternatively.；
5) extrude: the press of being reequiped by single lead screw ex truding briquetting machine or sizing rolling machine extrudes, amount of compression L2 is greater than 2% of the difference of outside circle and root diameter, i.e. L2 >=(da-d)/2 × 2%, for internal gear, then amount of compression L2 is greater than 2% of the difference of root circle and tip diameter, then L2 >=(d-da)/2 × 2%, wherein, da is tip diameter, and d is root diameter;
6) heat treatment: hardening heat is 750 ~ 1250 DEG C, be incubated 10 ~ 240 minutes, temperature is 150 ~ 600 DEG C, be incubated 5 ~ 200 minutes, for sintering after carbon content be greater than 0.4% gear or sprocket wheel can adopt high frequency or intermediate frequency heat treatment, heat treated case depth 0.2 ~ 5mm, temperature is 150 ~ 600 DEG C, be incubated 5 ~ 200 minutes, or adopt high frequency or Medium frequency induction tempering.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lubricant of described step 1) and graphite adopt bonding processing mode to add.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) suppress employing warm-pressing formation or mold heated shaping, the pressing pressure of press is 600Mpa.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) sintering be carry out in vacuum sintering furnace or based on nitrogen, the ratio of hydrogen is carry out in the sintering furnace of 1 ~ 75vol%.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described step 4) annealing, the cooling velocity from annealing temperature to 300 DEG C is less than 1.5 DEG C/S.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: sintering and the annealing two procedures of described step 3), step 4) can unite two into one, temperature is controlled to be incubated in annealing temperature after sintering terminates, drop to room temperature according to the time of annealing with cooling requirement.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 5) extruding is evenly extruding or non-homogeneous extruding, when adopting non-homogeneous extruding, amount of compression L2 is maximum deflection, in extrusion process, for external tooth, extrusion die former is at least divided into guide section and sizing section two parts, for internal tooth, plug is at least divided into guide section and sizing section two parts.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described step 6) heat treatment terminates, also increase bead.
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