CN105006336A - Common-mode choking coil, filtering circuit and anti-electromagnetic interference power source filter - Google Patents
Common-mode choking coil, filtering circuit and anti-electromagnetic interference power source filter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a common-mode choking coil, a filtering circuit and an anti-electromagnetic interference power source filter. The common-mode choking coil includes a magnetic ring made of super microcrystalline or amorphous materials, a first winding, a second winding and a separation plate which separates the first winding from the second winding; the first winding is wound at one outer side of the magnetic ring made of the super microcrystalline or amorphous materials; and the second winding is wound at the other outer side of the magnetic ring made of the super microcrystalline or amorphous materials with the same direction as the first winding. The common-mode choking coil has advantages of high saturation magnetic induction intensity, high initial permeability, high Curie temperature and the like, and can excellently suppress electromagnetic interference. The filtering circuit can excellently suppress electromagnetic interference generated by high-frequency signals. The anti-electromagnetic interference power source filter not only can excellently suppress electromagnetic interference in a power source switch from the interior of the power source switch and from an internal power grid, and but also can suppress surge current from the internal power grid and spike voltage or current generated by the action of the power source switch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the power-supply filter of a kind of common mode choke, filter circuit and electromagnetism interference.
Background technology
Non-crystalline material is a kind of new function material, is to utilize the technique preparing amorphous, once forms the strip of thickness about 30 microns.When the molten steel of melting adopts advanced chilling rapid solidification, liquid metal is formed with 1 × 10-6 DEG C/sec cooling rate the solid strip that thickness is about 0.03mm, obtain that atomic arrangement combination has shortrange order, the amorphous structure feature of longrange disorder feature, does not possess the crystal structure of conventional alloys material Here it is non-crystaline amorphous metal.When being cooled fast to thickness to be only the metal sheet band of tens microns like this, the atomic disorder arrangement architecture that molten steel has just " is freezed ", defines so-called " amorphous alloy ".
Along with switching type power supply is more and more applied in industry and household electrical appliance, the mutual interference between electrical equipment becomes day by day serious problem, and electromagnetic environment is more and more by people are concerned about.Electromagnetic interference has many types, and the common mode disturbances wherein between 10K ~ 30MHz is a very important class, and they are mainly propagated with conduction pattern, causes very large harm, must be controlled normal operation of the safety of instrument.Usually add common-mode filter at input, enter electrical appliance to alleviate extraneous common mode disturbances by power line, the common mode disturbances simultaneously preventing electrical appliance from producing enters electrical network.Usual employing common-mode filter filtering common mode disturbs more effectively filtering, and its core is common mode inductance, the magnetic core usual selected frequency characteristic of current common mode inductance is better, lower-cost Ferrite Material, as nickel Zinc material and MnZn material, but because nickel Zinc material magnetic permeability is low, high impedance can not be reached at low frequency, therefore the noise of blanketing frequency higher than more than 20MHz is applicable to, and though MnZn material magnetic permeability when low frequency is higher, but decay is too fast when high frequency, be applicable to the low-frequency noise suppressing 10kHz to 50MHz, and Ferrite Material common mode inductance temperature characterisitic is poor, saturated magnetic strength is low, the characteristics such as magnetic permeability is low receive many restrictions when applying, be unfavorable for extensive popularization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and its object aims to provide a kind of common mode choke, and it has high saturated magnetic induction, high initial magnetic permeability and Curie temperature advantages of higher, and it excellently can suppress electromagnetic interference.
The present invention, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, also provides a kind of filter circuit, and it excellently can suppress the electromagnetic interference produced by high-frequency signal.
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of power-supply filter of electromagnetism interference is also provided, it excellently can not only suppress the electromagnetic interference coming from mains switch inside and external electrical network in mains switch, but also the peak voltage that surge current and mains switch action from external electrical network can be suppressed to produce or electric current.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the basic technical scheme that the present invention proposes is as described below:
A kind of common mode choke, especially, comprises magnet ring, the first winding, the second winding and the dividing plate that the first winding and the second winding separated be made up of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material; Outside the magnet ring that described first winding technique is made in described ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material; Described second winding and described first winding are wound in magnet ring that described ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material make outside another in the same way.
Further, described block board thickness is 3.2mm.
Further, described dividing plate is arranged on magnet ring axis by binding agent.
A kind of filter circuit, in particular, described filter circuit comprises above-mentioned common mode choke, also comprises the first differential mode capacitor, the second differential mode capacitor, the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance;
Further, the Same Name of Ends of described first winding is connected with one end of the first differential mode capacitor, and different name end is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor and one end of the first common mode capacitance respectively, and the other end of the first common mode capacitance is held with being connected to; The other end of described first differential mode capacitor is connected with the Same Name of Ends of the second winding, and the different name end of the second winding is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor and one end of the second common mode capacitance respectively, and the other end of the second common mode capacitance is held with being connected to.
Further, the inductance value of described common mode choke is 6.076mH, and the capacitance of the first differential mode capacitor and the second differential mode capacitor is 105 μ F, and the capacitance of the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance is 333nF.
A power-supply filter for electromagnetism interference, in particular, described power-supply filter comprises above-mentioned filter circuit, also comprises pressure limiting circuit; Described pressure limiting circuit is connected with filter circuit, and described pressure limiting circuit can suppress the surge voltage caused by power-supply device switch motion.
Further, described pressure limiting circuit comprises three resistance, two electric capacity, a voltage stabilizing didoe and metal-oxide-semiconductors; One end of described first resistance is connected with the Same Name of Ends of live wire and the first winding respectively, the other end is connected with one end of the second resistance and one end of voltage stabilizing didoe respectively, one end of one end of the other end respectively with the first electric capacity of second resistance, the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor and the 3rd resistance is connected, the other end of voltage stabilizing didoe is connected to zero line, the other end of the first electric capacity is connected with one end of the second electric capacity, the other end of the second electric capacity is connected to zero line, and the other end of the 3rd resistance is connected to zero line; The source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected to zero line, and the Same Name of Ends of the drain electrode other end of the respectively with three resistance, the other end of the first differential mode capacitor and the second winding is connected.
Further, described metal-oxide-semiconductor is the switching tube of enhancement mode N raceway groove.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, because the magnetic core of common mode choke adopts the magnet ring be made up of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material, and the magnet ring that ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material are made has high saturated magnetic induction and high initial magnetic permeability, therefore have under identical performance condition satisfied with prior art, the volume of common mode choke makes can be less, and inductance value is also larger, has therefore saved raw material and cost.The Curie temperature of magnet ring is high, makes common mode choke working stability reliable.
2, by arranging dividing plate on magnet ring axis, the first winding and the second winding separate by dividing plate, avoid mutually disturbing between winding.
3, in filter circuit, the inductance value of common mode choke is 6.076mH, the capacitance of the first differential mode capacitor and the second differential mode capacitor is 105 μ F, the capacitance of the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance is 333nF, adopt this numerical value, the insertion loss of filter circuit is maximum, thus makes filter effect best.
4, power-supply filter not only can suppress the filter circuit of electromagnetic interference, but also the peak voltage that surge current and mains switch action from external electrical network can be suppressed to produce or electric current.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the common mode choke structure chart of specific embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the filter circuit circuit diagram of specific embodiment.
Fig. 3 is prior art filter circuit circuit diagram in specific embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the equivalent common-mode circuit figure of specific embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the equivalent differential mode circuit diagram of specific embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the power-supply filter of specific embodiment.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing 1 to 6, the present invention is described further, but should not limit the scope of the invention with this.For convenience of description and understand technical scheme of the present invention, below illustrate that the orientation that the noun of locality used all is shown with accompanying drawing is as the criterion.
As shown in Figure 1, the common mode choke of embodiment comprises magnet ring 10, first winding L 11, second winding L 12 and dividing plate 13.First winding L 11 is wound in outside magnet ring, and the second winding L 12 and the first winding L 11 are wound in magnet ring outside another in the same way, and dividing plate 13 is arranged on magnet ring 10 axis by binding agent, and block board thickness is 3.2mm.
The common mode choke operation principle of embodiment:
1, when the operating current in circuit flows through common mode choke, electric current can produce reverse magnetic field and cancel out each other in the first winding and the second winding.
2, when there being common mode current flowing through coil, due to the same tropism of common mode current, electric current can produce the magnetic flux of equal sizes and increase the induction reactance of coil in the first winding and the second winding, and coil high impedance can produce stronger damping, with this attenuation common-mode electric current, reach filter effect.In practical application, by this filter circuit one termination interference source, the home appliance that another termination is disturbed, then form two groups of filters, and the electromagnetic interference signal on circuit can be made to be controlled in very low level.Common mode choke both can suppress outside EMI signal to import into, the EMI signal produced during circuit self of can decaying again work.
The common mode choke of embodiment adopts by integrally formed ring-shaped magnetic core, relative to the existing core structure by assembling, because magnet ring does not have air gap, therefore, can further improve the magnetic conductance passband more than 30% of common mode choke to reduce coil turn further, reduce turn-to-turn distributed capacitance, and then widening frequency band.
The magnetic core that the common mode choke of embodiment adopts is made up of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material, wherein, amorphous or Superfine crystal material can select Fe-based amorphous, iron based nano crystal and cobalt base amorphous any one.Adopt amorphous material, manganese-zinc ferrite and permalloy characterisitic parameter as shown in the table:
As shown above, common mode choke adopts the magnetic core be made up of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material, and it has
1, high saturated magnetic induction.The Bs of amorphous or Superfine crystal material surpasses 1.2T, is more than ferritic twice.As common mode choke, it is saturated that important principle is that iron core can not be magnetized into, otherwise inductance value sharply reduces.And in actual applications, have the interference strength of many occasions comparatively large (such as high-power frequency conversion motor), if with common ferrite as common mode choke, there is saturated possibility in iron core, can not ensure the noise suppression effect under the interference of large intensity.Due to the high saturated magnetic induction of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material, its anti-saturation characteristic is obviously better than ferrite undoubtedly, makes nanometer crystal alloy be highly suitable for the strongly disturbing occasion of heavy current.
2, high initial magnetic permeability.The initial magnetic permeability of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material can reach 80,000, far away higher than ferrite, therefore under downfield, has large impedance and insertion loss with the common mode choke of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material manufacture, has fabulous inhibitory action to weak jamming.This is for requiring that the anti-weak jamming common-mode filter of minimum leakage current is especially applicable.At some specific occasion (as Medical Devices), equipment causes leakage current by direct-to-ground capacitance (as human body), easily form common mode disturbances, and equipment itself is extremely tight to this requirement.Now using the ultracrystallite of high permeability or non-crystalline material to manufacture common mode choke may be optimal selection.In addition, the high permeability of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material can reduce coil turn, reduces parasitic capacitance equal distribution parameter, thus the formant frequency in insertion loss spectrum caused due to distributed constant is improved.Meanwhile, the high permeability of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material makes common mode choke have higher inductance value and resistance value, or reduces the volume of iron core under the prerequisite of equal inductance value.
3, remarkable temperature stability.The Curie temperature of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material is up to more than 500 DEG C.When there being larger temperature fluctuation, the performance change rate of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material is starkly lower than ferrite, has excellent stability, and the change of performance is close to linearly.Usually, ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material are in the temperature range of-50 DEG C-130 DEG C, and the rate of change of main magnetic property is within 10%.By contrast, ferritic Curie temperature is generally below 220 DEG C, and magnetic property rate of change reaches more than 100% sometimes, and in non-linear, not easily compensates.This temperature stability of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material in conjunction with its distinctive low loss characteristic, for device designer provides loose temperature conditions.
The axis of magnet ring 10 is arranged dividing plate 13, the thickness of dividing plate 13 is 3.2mm.First winding L 11 and the second winding L 12 can be separated by dividing plate 13, and make the first winding L 11 coil and the second winding L 12 combine closely respectively, reduce the generation of turn-to-turn distributed capacitance and leakage inductance.Dividing plate 13 can also avoid the mutual interference of leakage inductance between the first winding L 11 and the second winding L 12.Therefore, the anti-electromagnetic interference capability that dividing plate 13 can improve common mode choke is set.
As shown in Figure 2, the filter circuit of the present embodiment comprises above-mentioned common mode choke L, the first differential mode capacitor CX1, the second differential mode capacitor CX2, the first common mode capacitance CY1 and the second common mode capacitance CY2.Wherein, the Same Name of Ends A of the first winding L 11 is connected with one end of the first differential mode capacitor CX1, and different name end B is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor CX2 and one end of the first common mode capacitance CY1 respectively, and the other end of the first common mode capacitance CY1 is held with being connected to.The other end of the first differential mode capacitor CX1 is connected with the Same Name of Ends AA of the second winding L 12, the different name end BB of the second winding L 12 is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor CX2 and one end of the second common mode capacitance CY2 respectively, and the other end of the second common mode capacitance CY2 is held with being connected to.
As shown in Figure 3, existing filter circuit is adopted by common mode choke L
c, differential mode inductance L
d, differential mode capacitor C
xwith common mode capacitance C
ythe filter circuit formed.The present embodiment is to circuits improvement on the basis of Fig. 3, wherein, is simplified the circuit of Fig. 3 by reasoning, avoids adding differential mode inductance, avoids circuit to be subject to the impact of differential mode inductance.Principle is as follows:
The circuit structure equivalence of Fig. 3 is divided into common mode equivalent circuit and differential mode equivalent circuit, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, wherein
L
CM＝L+L
D
L
DM＝L
E+2L
D
C
X3＝C
X2+C
Y/2
L
efor the uneven leakage inductance produced when coiling common mode choke.Generally, L
d< < L, L
e< 2L
dand L
e<=L/100.
The insertion loss formula of the filter circuit of the present embodiment is as follows through deriving:
R
lfor load resistance, R
sfor line loss resistance
For common mode equivalent circuit:
a
11＝1-w
2L
CMC
Y
a
12＝jwL
CM
a
21＝jwC
Y
a
22＝1
Wherein w is angular frequency, L
cMfor equivalent common mode inductance, C
yfor common mode capacitance.
For differential mode circuit:
a
11＝1-w
2L
DMC
X3
a
12＝jwL
DM
a
21＝jw(C
X1+C
X3-w
2L
DMC
X3C
X1)
a
22＝1-w
2L
DMC
X1
The capacitance of the first differential mode capacitor and the second differential mode capacitor is 105 μ F, and the capacitance of the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance is 333nF.
Insertion loss is an important parameter of filter circuit, and insertion loss is larger, and filter effect is better.In order to find insertion loss optimal value, the present embodiment take frequency as 200KHz is starting point, and carries out according to above-mentioned formula inductance optimal value and the differential mode inductance optimal value of calculating common mode choke, and result is as follows:
Insertion loss for equivalent common mode inductance:
| f(MHz) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 | 5 | 10 |
| IL(dB) | 43 | 50 | 58 | 68 | 70 | 58 | 55 |
| L CM(mH) | 4.9 | 3 | 3.3 | 6 | 6.1 | Ignore | Ignore |
Insertion loss for equivalent differential mode inductance:
| f(MHz) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 | 5 | 10 |
| IL(dB) | 50 | 56 | 68 | 66 | 70 | 64 | 58 |
| L DM(mH) | 7.5 | 1.9 | Ignore | Ignore | Ignore | Ignore | Ignore |
In conjunction with above-mentioned two table and formula analysis, can show that the optimum inductance value of common mode choke is 6.076mH.Corresponding, differential mode inductance L
dbe worth very little, negligible, therefore can without differential mode inductance.Final circuit structure as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 6, the power-supply filter of the present embodiment comprises above-mentioned filter circuit, also comprises pressure limiting circuit.Pressure limiting circuit is connected with filter circuit.Pressure limiting circuit comprises three resistance, two electric capacity, a voltage stabilizing didoe and metal-oxide-semiconductors.One end of first resistance R1 is connected with the Same Name of Ends of live wire P and the first winding L 11 respectively, the other end is connected with one end of the second resistance R2 and one end of voltage stabilizing didoe D1 respectively, one end of one end of the other end respectively with the first electric capacity C1 of second resistance R2, the grid G of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and the 3rd resistance R3 is connected, the other end of voltage stabilizing didoe D1 is connected to zero line N, the other end of the first electric capacity C1 is connected with one end of the second electric capacity C2, the other end of the second electric capacity C2 is connected to zero line N, and the other end of the 3rd resistance R3 is connected to zero line N.The source S of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected to zero line N, and the Same Name of Ends of the other end of drain D the respectively with three resistance R3, the other end of the first differential mode capacitor CX1 and the second winding L 12 is connected.Wherein, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is the switching tube of enhancement mode N raceway groove.
Pressure limiting circuit can suppress the surge voltage caused by power-supply device switch motion,
Pressure limiting circuit mainly works when power supply is just opened, and suppresses the surge voltage caused by switch motion.The break-make of Switching Power Supply is controlled by the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 of enhancement mode N raceway groove.When circuit by shutoff switch to open time, because C1, C2 both end voltage is zero, go here and there in the metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 grid G no-voltage of zero line, circuit can not be communicated with immediately.Only have the voltage at electric capacity two ends enough large, could be communicated with higher than circuit after the grid G cut-in voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1.In the charging process of electric capacity, the surge voltage caused by switch motion is suppressed on very low voltage levvl.First resistance R1, the second resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R3 are divider resistance, and the first electric capacity C1 and the second electric capacity C2 is serial connection charge electric capacity, voltage stabilizing didoe D1, for the protection of metal-oxide-semiconductor, in case metal-oxide-semiconductor is broken by high pressure.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change above-mentioned execution mode and revise.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, also should fall in the protection range of claim of the present invention modifications and changes more of the present invention.In addition, although employ some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a common mode choke, is characterized in that: comprise magnet ring, the first winding, the second winding and the dividing plate that the first winding and the second winding separated be made up of ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material; Outside the magnet ring that described first winding technique is made in described ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material; Described second winding and described first winding are wound in magnet ring that described ultracrystallite or non-crystalline material make outside another in the same way.
2. a kind of common mode choke according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described block board thickness is 3.2mm.
3. a kind of common mode choke according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described dividing plate is arranged on magnet ring axis by binding agent.
4. a filter circuit, is characterized in that: described filter circuit comprises the common mode choke as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, also comprises the first differential mode capacitor, the second differential mode capacitor, the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance;
The Same Name of Ends of described first winding is connected with one end of the first differential mode capacitor, and different name end is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor and one end of the first common mode capacitance respectively, and the other end of the first common mode capacitance is held with being connected to; The other end of described first differential mode capacitor is connected with the Same Name of Ends of the second winding, and the different name end of the second winding is connected with one end of the second differential mode capacitor and one end of the second common mode capacitance respectively, and the other end of the second common mode capacitance is held with being connected to.
5. a kind of filter circuit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the inductance value of described common mode choke is 6.076mH, the capacitance of the first differential mode capacitor and the second differential mode capacitor is 105 μ F, and the capacitance of the first common mode capacitance and the second common mode capacitance is 333nF.
6. a power-supply filter for electromagnetism interference, is characterized in that: described power-supply filter comprises filter circuit as claimed in claim 4, also comprises pressure limiting circuit; Described pressure limiting circuit is connected with filter circuit, and described pressure limiting circuit can suppress the surge voltage caused by power-supply device switch motion.
7. the power-supply filter of a kind of electromagnetism interference according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described pressure limiting circuit comprises three resistance, two electric capacity, a voltage stabilizing didoe and metal-oxide-semiconductors; One end of described first resistance is connected with the Same Name of Ends of live wire and the first winding respectively, the other end is connected with one end of the second resistance and one end of voltage stabilizing didoe respectively, one end of one end of the other end respectively with the first electric capacity of second resistance, the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor and the 3rd resistance is connected, the other end of voltage stabilizing didoe is connected to zero line, the other end of the first electric capacity is connected with one end of the second electric capacity, the other end of the second electric capacity is connected to zero line, and the other end of the 3rd resistance is connected to zero line; The source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected to zero line, and the Same Name of Ends of the drain electrode other end of the respectively with three resistance, the other end of the first differential mode capacitor and the second winding is connected.
8. the power-supply filter of a kind of electromagnetism interference according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described metal-oxide-semiconductor is the switching tube of enhancement mode N raceway groove.
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