CN105005682B - One kind, which is hung down, surveys ionogram inversion method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Hung down the invention discloses one kind and survey ionogram inversion method, comprised the following steps：Step 1：Ionospheric Profile mathematical modeling is set up, described model is comprising E layers, paddy layer and F layers of three layer model；Step 2：The calculating of each layer reflection echo virtual height, the ionospheric model based on foundation derives the calculation formula of E layers, F layers echo virtual height；Step 3：Diagram data is ionized using actual measurement, with reference to E layer, F layer echo virtual height result of calculation, E layers of progress, paddy layer, the inverting of F layers of Ionospheric Parameters.Vertical survey ionogram inversion method disclosed in this invention, overcome shortcoming of the prior art, propose the vertical survey ionogram inversion method of the constrained optimization F layer parameters based on displacement Chebyshev polynomials model, obtain after paddy layer parameter, F layers of upper zone echo trace data are chosen, in the case where ensureing the constraints of section continuous and derivable, F layers of section multinomial coefficient are calculated, it is final to determine Ionospheric Profile, inversion accuracy and stability can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
Ionogram inverting ionosphere ginseng is surveyed using hanging down the present invention relates to PROGRESS OF IONOSPHERIC RESEARCH IN and application field, more particularly to one kind
Several methods.
Background technology
Using vertical survey ionogram inverting Ionospheric Profile (layer height and plasma frequency or electron concentration it is corresponding
Relation) the extensive attention of people is constantly subjected to, at present, the survey ionogram inversion method that hangs down can be summarized as following two：1. it is direct
Calculating method, this method directly using the true reflection height (referred to as very high) for surveying virtual height calculating respective frequencies, mainly there is burst
Method, single polynomial method, overlapping polynomial method etc., have plenty of the simultaneous equations by setting up very high and virtual height in these methods
Group, very high, such as burst method and single polynomial method are directly solved according to actual measurement virtual height, is had plenty of from relatively low frequency to higher
Frequency, by calculate progressively determine that each frequency is corresponding very high, such as burst method and overlapping polynomial method；2. type method, is somebody's turn to do
Method assumes that Ionospheric Profile can be characterized with certain model, makes to retouch with actual measurement based on the vertical survey trace that the model is synthesized by finding
Most preferably identical model parameter determines Ionospheric Profile to mark in some sense.Wherein, compared to first two method, type method
It is less harsh for ionogram quality requirement, and preferable inversion result can be obtained, using more universal, learn both at home and abroad
Person has developed a variety of Ionospheric Parameters inversion methods based on type method using different detection datas.
Based on type method thought, Huang Xue, which admires, etc. discloses a kind of based on displacement Chebyshev polynomials model inversion ionosphere
In the method for section, this method, F layers are modeled as to shift Chebyshev polynomials, solves and meets calculating virtual height and actual measurement virtual height
The multinomial coefficient most preferably identical in least square meaning, so that it is determined that Ionospheric Profile.The weak point of this method is, directly
Connect and determine paddy layer parameter and F layers of section multinomial coefficient in the lump using the data for inverting paddy layer parameter of selection, so make
The vertical survey ionogram and actual measurement F layers of upper zone echo trace deviation of ionogram that must be synthesized based on inversion result are larger.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are just to provide a kind of side for surveying ionogram inverting Ionospheric Parameters using hanging down
Method.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
One kind, which is hung down, surveys ionogram inversion method, and it is theed improvement is that, the described method comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Set up Ionospheric Profile mathematical modeling, described model be comprising E layer, paddy layer and F layers of three layer model,
Wherein, E layers represent that F layers of section are represented with displacement Chebyshev polynomials model with parabolic model with paddy layer section；
Step 2：The calculating of each layer reflection echo virtual height, the ionospheric model based on foundation derives E layers, F layers of echo virtual height
Calculation formula；
Step 3：Ionize diagram data using actual measurement, with reference to E layer, F layer echo virtual height result of calculation, E layers of progress, paddy layer, F layers
The inverting of Ionospheric Parameters.
Further, the step 1 is specifically included：
Step 11：Ionospheric electron density profile concrete form is shown below：
The concrete meaning of each symbol is as follows in formula：
E layers：fNERepresent E layers of plasma frequency；fCERepresent that E layers are faced frequency；hmERepresent that E range upon range of mountains is high；ymERepresent E layers of half thickness；
hbE=hmE-ymERepresent that E layers of bottom are high；Paddy layer：fNVRepresent paddy layer plasma frequency；fCVRepresent the minimum plasma frequency of paddy layer
Rate；hmVRepresent that paddy layer plasma frequency is fCVWhen corresponding layer height；ymVRepresent that paddy layer half is thick；h2=hmE+ W, W are fixed
Justice is paddy slice width degree；F layers：Ti(g) it is displacement Chebyshev polynomials, with form shown in following formula：
fNFRepresent F layers of plasma frequency；fCFRepresent that F layers are faced frequency；Ai(i=0~I+1) is displacement Chebyshev polynomials
Coefficient, and：hmFRepresent that F range upon range of mountains is high, and：hmF=AI+1,
E layers and paddy layer tie point be located at the high h of E range upon range of mountainsmE, paddy layer is with F layers of tie point positioned at height h2Place, and in height
Spend h2The plasma frequency at place faces frequency f equal to E layersCE, paddy layer includes two parts：Company with E layers of coupling part and with F layers
Socket part point, this two-part tie point is located at height h1Place；
Step 12：In order to ensure the entire profile continuous and derivable, then at the tie point of layer and layer, based on more than tie point and
The square value and section gradient for the plasma frequency that following ionospheric model is calculated respectively should be equal, according to this
Part, limits the internal relation between relevant parameter.
Further, the step (2) specifically includes：
Step 21：It is less than or equal to f for frequencyCEElectric wave will carry out E layers of echo virtual height calculation formula in E layers of reflection
Derive；
Step 22：It is more than f for frequencyCE, less than or equal to fCFElectric wave will F layers reflection, carry out F layers of echo virtual height meter
The derivation of formula is calculated, group's distance, delta h ' of E Es-region propagations is mainly included inE(f), the group propagated in paddy layer with E layers of coupling part
Distance, delta h 'J(f), the group's distance, delta h ' propagated in paddy layer with F layers of coupling partV(f) and in group's distance, delta h ' of F-layer propagationF
(f) calculation formula.
Further, the step (3) specifically includes：
Step 31：E layers of trace data of actual measurement are chosen, E layers of f are realized using the method for range searchingCE、hmEOr hbE、ymEThree
The inverting of parameter；
Step 32：Choose and be more than the E layers of data faced between frequency and the corresponding frequency of the minimum virtual height of F layers of trace in F layers of trace,
The inverting of paddy layer parameter is realized based on search, alternative manner；
In step 33, F layers of trace of selection, the corresponding frequency of the minimum virtual heights of F layers of trace to fCFBetween data, utilize constraint
Optimizing method realizes the inverting of F layer parameters.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Vertical survey ionogram inversion method disclosed in this invention, overcomes shortcoming of the prior art, it is proposed that based on shifting
The vertical survey ionogram inversion method of the constrained optimization F layer parameters of position Chebyshev polynomials model, that is, obtain after paddy layer parameter, selects
F layers of upper zone echo trace data are taken, in the case where ensureing the constraints of section continuous and derivable, F layers of section system of polynomials are calculated
Number, finally determines Ionospheric Profile, can effectively improve inversion accuracy and stability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical flow chart for surveying ionogram inversion method disclosed in this invention；
Fig. 2 is two layers of ionospheric inversion example.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1, as shown in figure 1, being hung down present embodiment discloses one kind surveys ionogram inversion method, comprises the following steps：
(1) Ionospheric Profile mathematical modeling is set up：
Thought of the invention based on type method, is comprising E layers, paddy layer and F layers of three layer model, E layers by ionosphere modeling
Represent that F layers of section represent that ionospheric electron density is cutd open with displacement Chebyshev polynomials model with parabolic model with paddy layer section
Face has form shown in formula (1)：
E layers and paddy layer tie point be located at the high h of E range upon range of mountainsmE, paddy layer is with F layers of tie point positioned at height h2Place, and in height
Spend h2The plasma frequency at place faces frequency f equal to E layersCE, paddy layer includes two parts：Company with E layers of coupling part and with F layers
Socket part point, this two-part tie point is located at height h1The concrete meaning of each symbol is as follows in place, formula (1)：
E layers：
fNERepresent E layers of plasma frequency；fCERepresent that E layers are faced frequency；hmERepresent that E range upon range of mountains is high；ymERepresent E layers of half thickness；hbE
=hmE-ymERepresent that E layers of bottom are high；
Paddy layer：
fNVRepresent paddy layer plasma frequency；fCVRepresent the minimum plasma frequency of paddy layer；hmVRepresent paddy layer plasma
Frequency is fCVWhen corresponding layer height；ymVRepresent that paddy layer half is thick；h2=hmE+ W, W are defined as paddy slice width degree；
F layers：
Ti(g) it is displacement Chebyshev polynomials, with form shown in formula (2)：
fNFRepresent F layers of plasma frequency；fCFRepresent that F layers are faced frequency；Ai(i=0~I+1) is displacement Chebyshev polynomials
Coefficient, and：
hmFRepresent that F range upon range of mountains is high, and：
hmF=AI+1 (5)
In order to ensure the entire profile continuous and derivable, then at the tie point of layer and layer, based on tie point above and below electricity
The square value and section gradient for the plasma frequency that absciss layer model is calculated respectively should be equal, according to this condition, limit
Internal relation between relevant parameter, i.e.,：
In h=h2Place, has：
ConsiderAnd makeAndI.e.：
Then obtained by formula (6)：
In h=h1Place, has：
It can be obtained by the above formula in formula (9)：
hmV=hmE+[(4B2D+Q)D]1/2 (10)
Wherein,Above formula and W in formula (10) convolution (8) can be obtained further：
H can be provided by the following formula in formula (9)1Result of calculation be：
Derived more than as can be seen that obtain after E layer parameters, as long as paddy layer determines two parameters of B and W, then paddy layer section
It is assured that, therefore, in follow-up paddy layer parameter inverting, we only need to determine B and W.
(2) calculating of each layer reflection echo virtual height：
It is related in Ionospheric Parameters inversion method based on type method and is hung down according to the synthesis of the Ionospheric Profile model of foundation
Ionogram is surveyed, its essence is to carry out the calculating of different operating frequency hop echo virtual height.In order to simplify calculating process, while again not
Very big error can be introduced, calculate electric wave E layer and paddy Es-region propagations group apart from when do not account for the influence in earth's magnetic field, counting
Calculate electric wave F-layer propagation group apart from when assume earth's magnetic field and vertical survey station overhead of the earth's magnetic field for certain value, i.e. any position
The earth's magnetic field that 300km highly locates is consistent.
The calculating of E layers of echo virtual height：
It is less than or equal to f for frequencyCEElectric wave will be in E layers of reflection, echo virtual height calculation formula be：
Wherein, f is wave frequency, hrFor height at radio wave attenuation point, μ ' is group refractive index, when not considering earth's magnetic field,
With following form：
F in formulaNRepresent corresponding position plasma frequency.
E layer ionospheric models based on foundation, then formula (13), which can be calculated further, obtains：
The calculating of F layers of echo virtual height：
It is more than f for frequencyCE, less than or equal to fCFElectric wave will be in F layers of reflection, echo virtual height calculation formula be：
Wherein, in formula (16) Section 2 be electric wave in group's distance of E Es-region propagations, be designated as Δ h 'E(f), Section 3 is electric wave
The group's distance propagated in paddy layer with E layers of coupling part, is designated as Δ h 'J(f), Section 4 is that electric wave is connected in paddy layer with F layers
Group's distance that part is propagated, is designated as Δ h 'V(f), Section 5 be electric wave in group's distance of F-layer propagation, be designated as Δ h 'F(f)。
Calculate Δ h 'E(f)、Δh′J(f)、Δh′V(f) μ ' used when still has the form of formula (14), result of calculation
Respectively：
Calculate Δ h 'F(f) μ ' used when has following form：
Wherein,
Yo=fH/f (25)
In formula, fHFor gyro-frequency at the survey station overhead 300km that hangs down, θ is magnetic dip angle at vertical survey station overhead 300km.Now, nothing
Method directly gives Δ h 'F(f) analytical expression, can only calculate Δ h ' using numerical integration methodF(f), it is contemplated that in pip
Place, μ ' is infinity, in order to carry out numerical computations, makees following variable replacement, i.e.,：
Then Δ h 'F(f) it can be written as：
According to the F of foundation layers ionospheric model (following formula in formula (1)), it can obtain：
Formula (30) is updated to formula (29), then Δ h 'F(f) can further it be written as：
In formula,
Now, pip (t → 0) place is being closed on, by formula (21)~formula (27), μ can be obtainedo→ 0, M → 1,So as to be obtained by formula (20)So, as long as magnetic dip angleSi(f) just can be by
Formula (32) is calculated and obtained, wherein fCFIonogram intelligent interpretation software can be surveyed by hanging down to provide automatically, so as to be obtained according to formula (31)
Δh′F(f)。
(3) inverting of each layer parameter：
The inverting of ionosphere model parameters in type method thought, mainly finds such parameter, i.e., by these parameter meters
Obtained virtual height and the difference of actual measurement virtual height is minimum in some sense.
1) inverting of E layer parameters
The above formula in formula (1), determines that three parameters of E layers of section are mainly fCE、hmE(or hbE)、ymE, wherein fCE
Ionogram intelligent interpretation software can be surveyed by hanging down to provide automatically, error is less than in 0.2MHz, the present invention using a kind of range searching
Method realizes the inverting of E layer parameters, is specially：
Assuming that the E layer traces that the survey ionogram intelligent interpretation that hangs down is obtained have K point, its corresponding working frequency and virtual height difference
For fkWith h " (fk), the E layers of reading face frequency and minimum virtual height be designated as respectively forWith h "minE, then to parameter fCE、hbE、ymERespectively
[h″minE-δ1, h "minE+δ2], [0, δ3] (wherein δ1、δ2And δ3It is hunting zone controlled quentity controlled variable)
Different groups of parameters are obtained with certain stepping value, each group of parameter calculates the h ' (f for obtaining K point according to formula (15)k), Ran Houji
Calculate actual measurement virtual height and calculate the error sum of squares of virtual height：
ε is set to reach that group of parameter of minimum is defined as E layer parameters.
2) inverting of paddy layer parameter
It was found from analysis above, as long as determining two parameters of B and W, paddy layer section is assured that.It is based in the present invention
The inverting of paddy layer parameter is realized in search, alternative manner.
In F layers of trace, frequency is faced more than E layers and the minimum virtual height of F layers of trace (is designated as 0.7h "minF) between corresponding frequency
Data it is more sensitive to paddy layer parameter, therefore, in the refutation process of paddy layer parameter, select this part tracing point be used for determine
Paddy layer parameter, it is assumed that have K point, its corresponding working frequency and virtual height are respectively fkWith h " (fk)。
The basic step of paddy layer parameter inverting is：
1. W=0 is set；
2. B=0, I=7 are set；
3. F layers of section coefficient A are calculated based on least square methodi(i=0~I+1)；
4. the coefficient A of calculating is checkediWhether (i=0~I) meets F layers of section monotonic increase characteristic, if (a) is unsatisfactory for,
Then 5. I=I+1, if I ＜ 0, perform, otherwise, performs 3.；(b) if it is satisfied, to AI+1The value recorded with preceding an iteration
It is compared, if the difference between the two is less than a certain smaller value (such as 0.5km), calculates K point actual measurement virtual height and calculate virtual height
Error sum of squares, record the value of the error sum of squares of current B, W and calculating, otherwise, be not above limit maximum change
In the case of generation number, according to Ai(i=0~I) adjust automatically I, B value is updated according to formula (7), is performed 3., if more than restriction
5. maximum iteration, then perform；
5. W=W+1 (unit is km), if W is less than hunting zone (such as 0.7h " of settingminF-hmE), then perform 2.,
Otherwise, perform 6.；
6. the minimum value of the error sum of squares of record is found out, the minimum value corresponding B, W are to be defined as paddy layer parameter, if
Effective B and W is not recorded, then W=0, B=0.
Wherein, the specific method of above-mentioned steps 3. is：
K point actual measurement virtual height h " (f is provided according to formula (16)k) and calculating virtual height h ' (fk) error sum of squares：
Wherein,ε is reached minimum, that is, solve full
The coefficient A of sufficient formula (35)i(i=0~I)：
Further abbreviation is formula (35)：
Solve above-mentioned equation group and can obtain coefficient Ai(i=0~I), then can calculate A according to formula (4)I+1。
3) inverting of F layer parameters：
Choose in F layers of trace, the corresponding frequency of the minimum virtual height of F layers of trace to fCFBetween data be used for determine F layer parameters,
Assuming that having K data point, its corresponding working frequency and virtual height are respectively fkWith h " (fk).It has read fCFIn the case of, F
Layer section is by coefficient Ai(i=0~I+1) is determined completely, and the method used when can be using similar inverting paddy layer parameter calculates this
A little coefficients, it is noted herein that, after the determination of paddy layer parameter, paddy layer and the section gradient of F layers of point of intersection have also determined that,
So, the coefficient A calculated according to current datai(i=0~I) must is fulfilled for formula (7), therefore, and the inverting of F layer parameters is actual
On be a constrained optimization problem, i.e.,：
The inverting that above mentioned problem carries out F layer parameters can be solved using Lagrangian method, is specifically：
1. a new function is set up according to formula (37)：
2. partial derivative is asked to each independent variable in formula (38), sets up equation group：
3. above-mentioned equation group is solved, coefficient A is obtainedi(i=0~I), checks the coefficient A calculatediWhether (i=0~I) meets
F layers of section monotonic increase characteristic, if (a) is unsatisfactory for, 4. I=I-1 if I ＜ 0, performs, otherwise, performs 1.；(b) such as
Fruit meets, and performs 4..
It is as shown in Figure 2 to the result after two layers of ionospheric inversion according to the method described above.
Claims (3)
1. one kind, which is hung down, surveys ionogram inversion method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Set up Ionospheric Profile mathematical modeling, described model be comprising E layer, paddy layer and F layers of three layer model, its
In, E layers represent that F layers of section are represented with displacement Chebyshev polynomials model with parabolic model with paddy layer section；
Step 2：The calculating of each layer reflection echo virtual height, the ionospheric model based on foundation derives the meter of E layers, F layers echo virtual height
Calculate formula；
Step 3：Diagram data is ionized using actual measurement, with reference to E layers, F layers of echo virtual height result of calculation, E layers of progress, paddy layer, F layers of ionization
The inverting of layer parameter；
The step 1 is specifically included：
Step 11：Ionospheric electron density profile concrete form is shown below：
The concrete meaning of each symbol is as follows in formula：
E layers：fNERepresent E layers of plasma frequency；fCERepresent that E layers are faced frequency；hmERepresent that E range upon range of mountains is high；ymERepresent E layers of half thickness；hbE=
hmE-ymERepresent that E layers of bottom are high；Paddy layer：fNVRepresent paddy layer plasma frequency；fCVRepresent the minimum plasma frequency of paddy layer；hmV
Represent that paddy layer plasma frequency is fCVWhen corresponding layer height；ymVRepresent that paddy layer half is thick；h2=hmE+ W, W are defined as paddy
Slice width degree；F layers：Ti(g) it is displacement Chebyshev polynomials, with form shown in following formula：
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fNFRepresent F layers of plasma frequency；fCFRepresent that F layers are faced frequency；Ai(i=0~I+1) is displacement Chebyshev polynomials system
Number, and：hmFRepresent that F range upon range of mountains is high, and：hmF=AI+1,
E layers and paddy layer tie point be located at the high h of E range upon range of mountainsmE, paddy layer is with F layers of tie point positioned at height h2Place, and in height h2
The plasma frequency at place faces frequency f equal to E layersCE, paddy layer includes two parts：Connecting portion with E layers of coupling part and with F layers
Point, this two-part tie point is located at height h1Place；
Step 12：In order to ensure the entire profile continuous and derivable, then at the tie point of layer and layer, based on tie point above and below
The square value and section gradient for the plasma frequency that ionospheric model is calculated respectively should be equal, according to this condition, limit
Determine the internal relation between relevant parameter.
2. vertical survey ionogram inversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) specifically includes：
Step 21：It is less than or equal to f for frequencyCEElectric wave will E layers reflection, carry out E layers of echo virtual height calculation formula derivation；
Step 22：It is more than f for frequencyCE, less than or equal to fCFElectric wave will F layers reflection, carry out F layers of echo virtual height calculation formula
Derivation, be mainly included in group's distance, delta h ' of E Es-region propagationsE(f), the group's distance, delta propagated in paddy layer with E layers of coupling part
h′J(f), the group's distance, delta h ' propagated in paddy layer with F layers of coupling partV(f) and in group's distance, delta h ' of F-layer propagationF(f)
Calculation formula.
3. vertical survey ionogram inversion method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (3) specifically includes：
Step 31：E layers of trace data of actual measurement are chosen, E layers of f are realized using the method for range searchingCE、hmEOr hbE、ymEThree parameters
Inverting；
Step 32：Choose and be more than the E layers of data faced between frequency and the corresponding frequency of the minimum virtual height of F layers of trace in F layers of trace, be based on
The inverting of paddy layer parameter is realized in search, alternative manner；
In step 33, F layers of trace of selection, the corresponding frequency of the minimum virtual heights of F layers of trace to fCFBetween data, utilize contained optimization
Method realizes the inverting of F layer parameters.
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| CN106295663B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2019-05-07 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of vertical area survey ionogram E trace automatic interpretation method based on image procossing |
| CN105549007B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-05-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 | A kind of vertical survey ionogram inversion method based on overlapping multinomial model |
| CN105701276B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-09-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 | A kind of improved ionosphere vertical section modeling method |
| CN106526597B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2019-01-04 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | A kind of ionosphere Returning scattering intersection detection joint inversion method |
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