CN105005110A - Quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module, and liquid crystal television - Google Patents
Quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module, and liquid crystal television Download PDFInfo
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- CN105005110A CN105005110A CN201510421226.3A CN201510421226A CN105005110A CN 105005110 A CN105005110 A CN 105005110A CN 201510421226 A CN201510421226 A CN 201510421226A CN 105005110 A CN105005110 A CN 105005110A
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- guide plate
- light guide
- quantum dot
- dot light
- backlight module
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
- G02B6/0021—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
- G02B6/0086—Positioning aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133605—Direct backlight including specially adapted reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133614—Illuminating devices using photoluminescence, e.g. phosphors illuminated by UV or blue light
Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum dot light guide plate, a backlight module, and a liquid crystal television. The quantum dot light guide plate comprises a rectangular light guide plate, the rectangular light guide plate comprises a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface, a fourth side surface, and a light-outlet surface and a backlight surface arranged in an opposite manner, the light-outlet surface is provided with a quantum dot layer including red quantum dots and green quantum dots, the first side surface of the rectangular light guide plate is provided with at least a light source hole used for placing a blue light LED, and the backlight surface, the second side surface, the third side surface, and the fourth side surface are respectively provided with reflective layers. According to the quantum dot light guide plate, the backlight module, and the liquid crystal television, the color gamut range is greatly expanded, the color expression is good, and the energy-saving effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light guide plate technical field, particularly relate to a kind of quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module and LCD TV.
Background technology
Side-emitting LED TV can be accomplished more frivolous than direct type LED television, and has certain cost advantage, and therefore, side-emitting LED ultrathin liquid crystal display television set becomes the main product in market.But there is following shortcoming in this side-emitting LED LCD TV: white light LEDs is obtained by blue LED excited yellow fluorescent powder mostly, there is the shortcomings such as color is impure, color representation ability; Whole LED is overall driving Integral luminous, and TV does not possess local dimming function, and the power consumption of its backlight is fixing, inadequate energy-conserving and environment-protective; Even if LED is drive, have local dimming function, but its light guide plate is one block of overall " acrylic " sheet material, optical path area property is poor, and the number of partitions is few, and energy-saving effect is undesirable.
In view of this, prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module and LCD TV, to solve the problem that color representation power is poor, energy-saving effect is poor of existing LED-backlit technology.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of quantum dot light guide plate, for providing backlight, wherein, comprising: rectangular light guide plate, described rectangular light guide plate comprises the first side, the second side, the 3rd side, the 4th side and the exiting surface be oppositely arranged and shady face; Described exiting surface is provided with the quantum dot layer comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot; First side of described rectangular light guide plate offers at least one for placing the light source hole of blue-ray LED; Described shady face, the second side, the 3rd side and the 4th side are respectively arranged with reflector layer.
Described quantum dot light guide plate, wherein, described shady face is provided with multiple reference column for locating described rectangular light guide plate; Corresponding pilot hole is offered according to the reflector layer of described multiple reference column on described shady face.
Described quantum dot light guide plate, wherein, the number of described reference column is 4.
Described quantum dot light guide plate, wherein, the quantity of described light source hole is 1 ~ 20.
Described quantum dot light guide plate, wherein, described reflector layer is the sticking reflective sheeting of two-sided tool.
A kind of spliced quantum dot light guide plate, for providing backlight, wherein, comprises multiple above-mentioned quantum dot light guide plate; Described multiple quantum dot light guide plate array arrangement.
A kind of backlight module, wherein, comprises backboard and is arranged on the above-mentioned spliced quantum dot light guide plate on described backboard.
Described backlight module, wherein, described backboard is provided with multiple pilot hole placing the reference column of quantum dot light guide plate for correspondence.
A kind of LCD TV, wherein, comprises above-mentioned backlight module.
Beneficial effect:
A kind of quantum dot light guide plate provided by the present invention, backlight module and LCD TV, efficiently solve the problem that color representation power is poor, energy-saving effect is poor of existing LED-backlit technology, introduce quantum dot layer, and adopt blue-ray LED excitation quantum point luminous, white light is obtained through mixed light, improve the colour gamut of TV, coordinate existing LED subregion driving circuit, feasible region dimming function, the electric energy power consumption of backlight is not fixing, but with image content, subregional adjustment LED driving power consumption, thus feasible region light modulation, complete machine average power consumption is lower; Quantum dot layer is in light guide plate surface, and away from LED thermal source, environment temperature reduces greatly, and make quantum dot work more stable, the life-span is longer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing light guide plate.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of spliced quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is the rear view of spliced quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.
Embodiment
For making object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, clearly, developing simultaneously referring to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail for embodiment.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing light guide plate.Light guide plate is one of vital optical module in the luminous backlight source of side, at present, most employing acrylic material is made as plate and forms, thickness is between 3 ~ 6mm, as shown in Figure 1, space rectangles 1 represents the LED lighted, and black rectangle 2 represents the LED do not lighted, dotted line frame is desirable hot spot, and curve is actual hot spot.Visible, because material is evenly overall, hot spot is not desirable rectangular light spot, but curve plane hot spot, hot spot has entered the light-emitting zone of contiguous LED, and optical path area property is not obvious.
Current LED liquid crystal television, its back light system overwhelming majority is white-light LED fluorescence powder system, obtains white light by blue LED excited yellow fluorescent powder, lack green and redness, color representation ability is poor, and the colour gamut of TV is generally no more than 72%, be significantly less than colour gamut up to 100% OLED TV.Along with OLED television cost constantly reduces, the living space of following LED liquid crystal television is squeezed, and improving colour gamut is the effective ways extending LED liquid crystal television life cycle.
The method that tradition improves LCD TV colour gamut is by improving colored filter (CF), it is made more to mate the emission spectrum of white light LEDs, increase the thickness of CF, make three primary colours light purer, but these methods can cause the transmittance shielding body to decline, LED-backlit efficiency is had a greatly reduced quality, thus reduces the efficiency of LCD TV, run in the opposite direction with the energy-conserving and environment-protective theory advocated now.
In recent years, constantly perfect along with quantum dot light emitting technology, the back light source technique based on quantum dot light emitting can improve the colour gamut of LCD TV greatly, and this quantum dot TV is expected to the high-end TV becoming following main flow.The present invention is exactly a kind of back light source technique based on quantum dot light emitting.
Quantum dot (Quantum Dots, QDs) be a kind of nano semiconductor particulate material be made up of dozens of atom, the size of its three dimensions is all within tens nanometers, and quantum dot can by power up or illumination is penetrated to excite and made it luminous, and its emission spectrum depends on grain size.Existing chemical synthesising technology can precisely control quantum dot grain size, thus controls the luminous chromatogram of quantum dot accurately, and the less glow color of particle is to blue shift, otherwise the larger glow color of particle is to red shift.
Utilize blue-ray LED luminescence to excite two amounts point material to send ruddiness and green glow, and synthesize white light with remaining blue light, this photoluminescent techniques can be applicable to the backlight of LCD TV.The present invention utilizes blue-ray LED luminescence to excite the coating being mixed with red and green quantum dot, obtains white light, as the backlight of liquid crystal display after mixed light.
Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.Described quantum dot light guide plate 11, for providing backlight, comprise: rectangular light guide plate 21, described rectangular light guide plate 21 comprises the first side, side 103, second (not marking in Fig. 2), the 3rd side (not marking in Fig. 2), the 4th side (not marking in Fig. 2) and the exiting surface 101 be oppositely arranged and shady face 102; Described exiting surface 101 is provided with the quantum dot layer 22 comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot; First side 103 of described rectangular light guide plate 21 offers at least one for placing the light source hole 24 of blue-ray LED; Described shady face 102, second side, the 3rd side and the 4th side are respectively arranged with reflector layer.
Specifically, rectangular light guide plate 21 is generally the plate of acrylic material.Described rectangular light guide plate 21 is rectangular structure, so comprises 6 faces, and maximum two faces of area are as exiting surface 101 and shady face 102.Four remaining faces are side, are respectively the first side, side 103, second, the 3rd side and the 4th side.Described exiting surface 101 is provided with the quantum dot layer 22 comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot, or stickup arranges the diaphragm that one deck is mixed with redness and green quantum dot on described exiting surface 101, also can.First side 103 of described rectangular light guide plate 21 offering at least one for placing the light source hole 24 of blue-ray LED, certainly also can offering light source hole on other side, selecting the first side herein only for illustrating.When practical application, LED hole bit quantity is selected according to the brightness of TV and number of partitions, is generally 1 to 20, and namely the quantity of described light source hole is 1 ~ 20.Described shady face 102, second side, the 3rd side and the 4th side are respectively arranged with reflector layer, that is, except a side is used for into light, an exiting surface is used for bright dipping, the remaining surface of rectangular light guide plate 21 all arranges reflector layer, thus avoids light leakage, so also makes the uniform light of this exiting surface, for comparatively ideal rectangular light spot, avoiding existing light-emitting zone is not ideal rectangle hot spot.
Principle of work of the present invention is that blue-ray LED stretches into for placing in the light source hole 24 of blue-ray LED, then the reflection of all the other sides and shady face is passed through, light penetrates from exiting surface 101, owing to exiting surface 101 being provided with the quantum dot layer 22 comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot, so then can obtain white light, thus realize backlight function.
Described reflector layer is the sticking reflective sheeting of two-sided tool.Can paste according to the size correspondence of side and shady face, thus realize reflection function; Like this, make light path have regionality, and light is through repeatedly roundtrip, increases light path excitation quantum point, send more ruddiness and green glow, thus improve backlight efficiency, reduce TV energy consumption.The reflectivity of reflective sheeting is more high better, its two-sided toughness.
When practical application, conveniently locate and fixing described quantum dot light guide plate 11, described shady face 102 is provided with multiple reference column 23 for locating described rectangular light guide plate 21; Corresponding pilot hole (not shown in Fig. 2) is offered according to the reflector layer of described multiple reference column 23 on described shady face 102 (not shown in Fig. 2).That is, shady face 102 arranges multiple reference column 23, so accordingly, the reflector layer that shady face 102 is arranged also offers pilot hole in the position of corresponding reference column 23, thus corresponding adaptive.Preferably, the number of described reference column 23 is 4.As shown in Figure 2, rectangular distribution, thus conveniently fix and position.Certainly, 3 or 2 etc. can also be adopted.
Based on above-mentioned quantum dot light guide plate 11, present invention also offers a kind of spliced quantum dot light guide plate, as shown in Figure 3, described spliced quantum dot light guide plate, for providing backlight, comprises multiple above-mentioned quantum dot light guide plate 11; Described multiple quantum dot light guide plate 11 array arrangement.When practical application, because LCD TV size is increasing, provide the also corresponding expansion of the backlight module of backlight, so light guide plate may be so large, is be spliced by multiple light guide plate.The present invention can adopt multiple quantum dot light guide plate 11 to splice.
Due to quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention, four sides have one to make position, blue-ray LED hole, two-sided sticking reflective sheetings are pasted in three remaining sides, and the light string being used for limiting quantum dot light guide plate, to adjacent quantum dot light guide plate, makes light path have regionality.Meanwhile, the light of quantum dot light guide plate, through repeatedly roundtrip, increases light path excitation quantum point, sends more ruddiness and green glow, thus improve backlight efficiency, reduce TV energy consumption.
Refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is the rear view of spliced quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.Spliced quantum dot light guide plate comprises multiple quantum dot light guide plate 11.Each quantum dot light guide plate 11 is provided with multiple reference column 23.
Based on above-mentioned spliced quantum dot light guide plate, present invention also offers a kind of backlight module, comprise backboard and be arranged on the above-mentioned spliced quantum dot light guide plate on described backboard.That is backlight module adopts spliced quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention.About how fixing spliced quantum dot light guide plate, multiple pilot hole placing the reference column of quantum dot light guide plate for correspondence can be provided with on described backboard, thus correspondence fixes and positions.When practical application, described backboard is backlight metal back cover, is pasted onto by whole reflective sheeting on backlight metal back cover, reflective sheeting and back cover all have many pilot holes, is used for locating quantum dot light guide plate.
Based on above-mentioned backlight module, present invention also offers a kind of LCD TV, comprise above-mentioned backlight module.
When practical application, this spliced quantum dot light guide plate, is spliced by multiple quantum dot light guide plate, each quantum dot light guide plate is provided with at least one blue-ray LED, can cooperated with LED subregion driving circuit, feasible region light modulation, reduce further TV energy consumption.LED subregion drives and local dimming technology, belongs to prior art, repeats no more.
In order to the problem that the color representation solving LCD TV is good, not energy-conservation not, a kind of quantum dot light guide plate provided by the invention, backlight module and LCD TV, on the one hand, introduce quantum dot layer, and adopt blue-ray LED excitation quantum point luminous, obtain white light through mixed light, improve the colour gamut of TV, can be applicable in the backlight module of LCD TV, greatly improve the gamut range of LCD TV; On the other hand, coordinate existing LED subregion driving circuit, feasible region dimming function, the electric energy power consumption of backlight is not fixing, but with image content, subregional adjustment LED driving power consumption, thus feasible region light modulation, complete machine average power consumption is lower.In addition, quantum dot layer is in light guide plate surface, and away from LED thermal source, environment temperature reduces greatly, and make quantum dot work more stable, the life-span is longer.
In sum, a kind of quantum dot light guide plate of the present invention, backlight module and LCD TV, described quantum dot light guide plate comprises: rectangular light guide plate, and described rectangular light guide plate comprises the first side, the second side, the 3rd side, the 4th side and the exiting surface be oppositely arranged and shady face; Described exiting surface is provided with the quantum dot layer comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot; First side of described rectangular light guide plate offers at least one for placing the light source hole of blue-ray LED; Described shady face, the second side, the 3rd side and the 4th side are respectively arranged with reflector layer; Substantially increase gamut range, color representation is good, and good energy-conserving effect brings and facilitates greatly.
Should be understood that, application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a quantum dot light guide plate, for providing backlight, is characterized in that, comprising: rectangular light guide plate, and described rectangular light guide plate comprises the first side, the second side, the 3rd side, the 4th side and the exiting surface be oppositely arranged and shady face; Described exiting surface is provided with the quantum dot layer comprising red quantum point and green quantum dot; First side of described rectangular light guide plate offers at least one for placing the light source hole of blue-ray LED; Described shady face, the second side, the 3rd side and the 4th side are respectively arranged with reflector layer.
2. quantum dot light guide plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described shady face is provided with multiple reference column for locating described rectangular light guide plate; Corresponding pilot hole is offered according to the reflector layer of described multiple reference column on described shady face.
3. quantum dot light guide plate according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the number of described reference column is 4.
4. quantum dot light guide plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of described light source hole is 1 ~ 20.
5. quantum dot light guide plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reflector layer is the sticking reflective sheeting of two-sided tool.
6. a spliced quantum dot light guide plate, for providing backlight, is characterized in that, comprises multiple quantum dot light guide plate as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 5; Described multiple quantum dot light guide plate array arrangement.
7. a backlight module, is characterized in that, comprises backboard and is arranged on the as claimed in claim 6 spliced quantum dot light guide plate on described backboard.
8. backlight module according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described backboard is provided with multiple pilot hole placing the reference column of quantum dot light guide plate for correspondence.
9. a LCD TV, is characterized in that, comprises backlight module as claimed in claim 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510421226.3A CN105005110A (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module, and liquid crystal television |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510421226.3A CN105005110A (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module, and liquid crystal television |
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| CN105005110A true CN105005110A (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510421226.3A Pending CN105005110A (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2015-07-17 | Quantum dot light guide plate, backlight module, and liquid crystal television |
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Application publication date: 20151028 |