CN104997534B - Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient imaging method based on belt restraining least square method - Google Patents
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710198693 Invasin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003759 clinical diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000288105 Grus Species 0.000 description 6
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
- A61B8/085—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating body or organic structures, e.g. tumours, calculi, blood vessels, nodules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
- A61B8/4494—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer characterised by the arrangement of the transducer elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/46—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B8/467—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient characterised by special input means
- A61B8/469—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient characterised by special input means for selection of a region of interest
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5269—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving detection or reduction of artifacts
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- G06T5/70—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10132—Ultrasound image
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
Abstract
The invention belongs to ultrasound quantification analysis technical field, specially a kind of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient imaging method based on belt restraining least-squares algorithm.The rf echo signal received is divided into several overlapped data blocks by the inventive method first, then the power spectrum of welch algorithm evaluation data blocks is utilized, then power spectral information and constraints are combined, attenuation coefficient is assessed using least-squares algorithm, finally the attenuation coefficient in area-of-interest in each data block is imaged to obtain ultrasonic attenuation coefficient imaging.In the present invention, the constraints of introducing avoids least-squares algorithm because of error caused by local maximum convergence, improves the assessment degree of accuracy of the decay assessment algorithm in the case of back scattering characteristic is homogeneous.The present invention can provide more rich information and means as a kind of ultrasound quantification diagnostic method for the clinical diagnosis of ultrasound.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasound quantification analysis technical field, and in particular to a kind of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient imaging method.
Background technology
Existing ultrasonic attenuation assessment algorithm mainly has two types.The first is the decay based on hybrid assessment algorithms
Imaging method[1].This method is assuming that the velocity of sound is constant in area-of-interest, and decay is linear with frequency, back scattering and frequency
Rate is into power relation, in the case of scattering as weak scattering, by finding the pass under different depth between centre frequency and power spectral amplitude ratio
System to calculate attenuation coefficient, its major defect be gained ultrasonic attenuation be imaged spatial resolution it is poor and attenuation characteristic and dissipate
Penetrate assessment accuracy when characteristic changes poor.Second method is the decay imaging side based on least square assessment algorithm
Method[2].This method is used to fitting power Spectrum ratio by introducing a model containing attenuation parameter, is made using least-squares algorithm
Cost function is minimum, so as to be estimated to local attenuation coefficient.The major defect of this method is a lack of constraints so that most
Young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's multiplication algorithm produces error because local maximum is restrained.
In order to improve the accuracy and spatial resolution of ultrasonic attenuation imaging technique, the present invention proposes a kind of belt restraining
The ultrasonic attenuation imaging method of least-squares algorithm, this method is broadly divided into two parts：Part I is to utilize half-peak the ratio of width to height
The selection optimized with the evaluation index such as error rate to the window length and window width of assessing power spectrum；Part II be for
Scattering properties has no too big this present situation of change after fatty live lesions, using the homogeneity of backscattering coefficient as constraints, keeps away
Least-squares algorithm is exempted from because of error caused by local maximum convergence, so that the assessment for improving decay assessment algorithm is accurate
Property.
Instant invention overcomes existing methods shortcoming, it is proposed that one kind assesses accurate, the high ultrasonic attenuation of spatial resolution
Imaging method, more abundant diagnostic message is provided for clinical diagnosis.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of assessment accuracy and high ultrasonic attenuation imaging method of spatial resolution, from super
The angle of sound Quantitative Diagnosis provides more rich information and means for the clinical diagnosis of ultrasound.
The ultrasonic attenuation imaging method that the present invention is provided, is that its step is such as based on belt restraining least square assessment algorithm
Under：
1st, the original radio frequency echo-signal received is divided into several overlapped data blocks；
2nd, by FWHM values[3]With error rate as index, optimization selection is carried out to window length and window width so that ultrasound
It is optimal under the assessment accuracy and spatial resolution integration objective of imaging that decay；
3rd, welch algorithms are utilized in data block[4]Power spectrum is estimated, and utilizes smoothing windows[5]To echo power
Spectrum is smoothed, to reduce influence of the noise to assessment result；With reference to power spectral information and constraints, a band is introduced
The mathematical modeling of three parameters is simultaneously fitted using least-squares algorithm to cost function, to assess the part in data block simultaneously
Attenuation coefficient and backscattering coefficient；
4th, to each data block carry out local attenuation coefficient assessment, using assessed value as data block corresponding region decay system
Number, the attenuation coefficient in all data blocks is imaged, that is, obtains ultrasonic attenuation imaging.
In the present invention, described to carry out optimization selection to parameter, it is concretely comprised the following steps：
To choose the most optimized parameter of window length, by FWHM values（Half-peak the ratio of width to height, full width at half
maximum）As evaluation index, its expression formula is：
(1)
f max Withf min Frequency maxima and minimum value respectively in -20dB bandwidth ranges,f peak For -20dB bandwidth ranges
Interior centre frequency, parameter is chosen for the value for making FWHM value stabilizations and minimum.
Make the minimum value of FWHM value stabilizations to find, the present invention is using an exomonental length as step-length, by making
Data block is iterated and calculated the relation that FWHM values are come between observation window length and FWHM in longitudinal length with a step-length.
To choose the most optimized parameter of window width, using the error between observation assessment result and actual value as evaluation index,
The expression formula of wherein error is：
(2)
WhereinFor actual value,For assessed value, parameter is chosen for the value for making error value stabilization and minimum；
To find the minimum value for making error rate value stable, the present invention is when selecting the optimized parameter of window width, by number of scanning lines
Traveled through to find the relation between window width and error rate using step-length as 1, observing by the naked eye to find makes error rate value steady
Fixed minimum value.
In the present invention, what the utilization least-squares algorithm was fitted to cost function concretely comprises the following steps：
The ratio for being located at target echo signal power spectrum and Control echo power spectrum signal in same depth is represented by:
(3)
Wherein,For invasin,For decay factor, subscriptsWithrTarget simulator is represented respectively and with reference to emulation,βTable
Show the slope between attenuation coefficient and frequency,bFor constant,fFor frequency,zFor area-of-interest apart from detecting head surface distance,nTable
Show the frequency dependence of backscattering coefficient；(3) formula the right and left, which is taken, can obtain such as following formula after natural logrithm：
(4)
For simplified style (3), replaced as follows：
(5)
After being replaced, formula (4) can be expressed as：
(6)
In order to solve three unknown numbers in formula (6)b、n、β, least square fitting process is introduced in frequency band range, i.e.,：
(7)
Wherein,KFor the frequency content number for assessing unknown parameter.In order that assessment result is more accurate, introduce
Following constraints：
(8)
When constraints is not enough, least-squares algorithm is easily restrained because of local minimum, so as to produce larger
Error.Using back scattering characteristic there is homogeneity can increase constraints, so as to be prevented effectively from because of local minimum convergence
The error of generation.
The present invention obtains the least-squares algorithm of belt restraining using the method for increase constraints, priori can be made full use of to know
Know, it is to avoid error caused by least-squares algorithm is restrained because of local maximum, there is higher comment relative to traditional method
Estimate the degree of accuracy；Use and optimization selection is carried out to parameter using half-peak the ratio of width to height and error rate as index, ultrasonic attenuation can be made
It is imaged on optimal under assessment accuracy and the aspect integration objective of spatial resolution two.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to by Field II[6-7]The scattering coefficient of generation is homogeneous, and the inhomogenous emulation data of attenuation coefficient are declined
Subtract imaging.Wherein, it, with reference to emulating, is to have the imitative of homogeneity by the Field II scattering coefficients generated and attenuation coefficient that (a), which is,
True data, (b) is unknown emulation, and attenuation coefficient has 4 pieces, first piece of attenuation factor value to be 0.3 dB/MHz/ in unknown emulation
Cm, distribution is in [20mm40mm;0mm, 20mm] between.Second piece of attenuation factor value is 0.6 dB/MHz/cm, distribution
Scope is in [20mm40mm;20mm, 40mm] between.3rd piece of attenuation factor value is 1dB/MHz/cm, and distribution exists
[40mm60mm;0mm, 20mm] between.4th piece of attenuation factor value is 1.2dB/MHz/cm, and distribution exists
[40mm60mm;20mm, 40mm] between.
Fig. 2 is homogeneous to the attenuation coefficient generated by Field II, and the inhomogenous emulation data of backscattering coefficient are declined
Subtract imaging.Wherein, it, with reference to emulating, is to have the imitative of homogeneity by the Field II scattering coefficients generated and attenuation coefficient that (a), which is,
True data, the attenuation coefficient with reference to emulation is homogeneous and value is 0.3dB/MHz/cm.(b) it is unknown emulation, the decay of unknown emulation
Coefficient is homogeneous and value is 0.7dB/MHz/cm, there is the back scattering strength ratio in a oval area, region in centre position
The echo strength of background area is higher by 3 dB.(c) the attenuation coefficient image to be obtained by this method.(d) it is to be obtained by this method
The backscattering coefficient image arrived.(e) result for a line in random selection decay imaging compared with actual value.
Fig. 3 be to anthropoid soft tissue is scanned using Ultrasound Instrument obtained echo-signal carry out ultrasonic attenuation into
Picture, wherein probe model L9-3（128 array elements, array element spacing is 200um）Linear array probe.Wherein, (a) is with reference to imitative
Very, it is that the anthropoid soft tissue to scattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient with homogeneity is scanned obtained echo-signal, reference
The attenuation factor value of emulation is 0.5dB/MHz/cm.(b) it is unknown emulation, is that there is homogeneity to scattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient
Anthropoid soft tissue be scanned obtained echo-signal, in [30mm50mm;4.5mm, 6mm] in the range of, unknown emulation
Attenuation factor value be 0.5dB/MHz/cm, in [30mm50mm;6mm, 7.5mm] in the range of, the attenuation coefficient of unknown emulation
It is worth for 0.7dB/MHz/cm.(c) it is the attenuation coefficient image obtained by traditional belt restraining least-squares algorithm, (d) serves as reasons
The attenuation coefficient image that this method is obtained.
Embodiment
Step is implemented the following is whole algorithm：
1st, after echo-signal is received, it is divided into several that there is overlapping size on horizontal and vertical echo-signal
Respectively 80% and 80% data block.The length of data block is determined by FWMH standards to obtain the power spectrum of accurate stable, profit
With Hanning window data intercept to reduce spectral sidelobes leakage, using welch algorithm evaluations power spectrum and by sliding window it is smooth with
Suppress the influence of noise.
2nd, will be with reference to emulation after under obtaining same depth with reference to the power spectral information in emulation and unknown emulation data block
To remove after the influence of diffusion property and system performance, the mathematical modeling for introducing a parameter of band three compared with unknown emulation, profit
Power spectrum is fitted with belt restraining least-squares algorithm with while obtaining backscattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient assessed value.
3rd, the attenuation factor value for obtaining assessment represents the dampening information in region as the data block, is obtaining interested
After the attenuation coefficient assessed value of each data block in region, it is imaged, you can obtain attenuation coefficient imaging.
Interpretation of result
It was found from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 decay imaging results, when the scattering properties and attenuation characteristic in area-of-interest become
During change, the algorithm can accurately still assess backscattering coefficient and attenuation coefficient, and the spatial resolution of decay imaging is higher.Table
1 is the decay assessment result when attenuation coefficient and backscattering coefficient change using belt restraining least-squares algorithm, it can be seen that should
Method can obtain accurate assessed value in both cases.The decay for imitating body from Fig. 3 anthropoid soft tissue is imaged knot
Fruit understands that the algorithm after optimization is after new constraints is introduced, in the case where back scattering characteristic is homogeneous, compared to traditional
Belt restraining least-squares algorithm, assesses in decay and is significantly improved in accuracy.Table 2 is minimum using traditional belt restraining
Algorithm after two multiplication algorithms and optimization imitates anthropoid soft tissue the result that volume data carries out decay imaging.It can be seen from table,
The algorithm of the present invention is significantly improved on accuracy is assessed.
Assessment result of the inventive algorithm of table 1 in Digital Simulation
Assessment result of the 2 two kinds of algorithms of table in anthropoid soft tissue
。
Bibliography
[1] H. Kim, T. A. Bigelow. Hybrid spectral domain method for
attenuation slope estimation [J]. Ultrasound Med. Biol, 2008, 34(11): 1808-
1819.
[2] N. Kibo, A. Z. James, J. H. Timothy. Simultaneous backscatter and
attenuation estimation using a least squares method with constraints [J].
Ultrasound Med. Biol, 2011, 37(12): 1-10.
[3] H. Kim, T. Varghese. Attenuation estimation using spectral cross-
correlation [J]. IEEE trans UltrasonFerroelectrFreq Control, 2007, 54(3):
510-519.
[4] P. Welch. The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of
power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified
periodograms [J]. IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoust, 1967, 15: 70-73.
[5] T. Varghese, K. D. Donohue. Estimating mean scatterer spacing
with the frequency-smoothed spectral autocorrelation function [J]. IEEE Trans
UltrasonFerroelectrFreq Control, 1995, 42: 451-463.
[6] J. Jensen. Field: A program for simulating ultrasound systems
[R]. Paper presented at the 10th Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical
Imaging Published in Medical & Biomedical Engineering & Computing, 1996, 34
(1): 351-353.
[7] J. Jensen, N. Svendsen. Calculation of pressure fields from
arbitrarily shaped, apodized, excited ultrasound transducers [J]. IEEE Trans
UltrasonFerroelectrFreq Control, 1992, 39(2): 262-267。
Claims (3)
1. a kind of attenuation coefficient appraisal procedure based on belt restraining least-squares algorithm, it is characterised in that concretely comprise the following steps：
（1）The original radio frequency echo-signal received is divided into several overlapped data blocks；
（2）Using FWHM values and error as index, optimization selection is carried out to window length and window width so that ultrasonic attenuation is imaged
Assessment accuracy and spatial resolution integration objective under it is optimal；
（3）Power spectrum is estimated using welch algorithms in data block, and echo power spectrum put down using smoothing windows
Sliding processing, to reduce influence of the noise to assessment result；With reference to power spectral information and constraints, one parameter of band three of introducing
Mathematical modeling is simultaneously fitted using least-squares algorithm to cost function, to assess the local attenuation coefficient in data block simultaneously
And backscattering coefficient；
（4）To each data block carry out local attenuation coefficient assessment, using assessed value as data block corresponding region attenuation coefficient,
Attenuation coefficient in all data blocks is imaged, that is, obtains ultrasonic attenuation imaging.
2. appraisal procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described that optimization selection is carried out to parameter, its specific step
Suddenly it is：
Choose the most optimized parameter of window length：Using FWHM values as evaluation index, its expression formula is：
(1)
f max Withf min Frequency maxima and minimum value respectively in -20dB bandwidth ranges,f peak For in -20dB bandwidth ranges
Centre frequency, parameter is chosen for the value for making FWHM value stabilizations and minimum；
Make the minimum value of FWHM value stabilizations to find, using an exomonental length as step-length, by making data block vertical
It is iterated to length with a step-length and calculates FWHM values, so that the relation between observation window length and FWHM；
Choose the most optimized parameter of window width：Using the error between observation assessment result and actual value as evaluation index, wherein missing
Difference expression formula be：
(2)
Wherein,For actual value,For assessed value, parameter is chosen for the value for making error value stabilization and minimum；
Make the minimum value of error value stabilization to find, when selecting the optimized parameter of window width, number of scanning lines is carried out using step-length as 1
Travel through to observe the relation between window width and error.
3. appraisal procedure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the utilization least-squares algorithm enters to cost function
What row was fitted concretely comprises the following steps：
The ratio for being located at target echo signal power spectrum and Control echo power spectrum signal in same depth is represented by:
(3)
Wherein,BFor invasin,For decay factor, subscriptsWithrTarget simulator is represented respectively and with reference to emulation,βExpression declines
Subtract the slope between coefficient and frequency,bFor constant,fFor frequency,zFor area-of-interest apart from detecting head surface distance,nRepresent the back of the body
The frequency dependence of scattering coefficient；Natural logrithm is taken to (3) formula the right and left, obtained such as following formula：
(4)
For simplified style (4), replaced as follows：
(5)
Then formula (4) is expressed as：
(6)
There are three unknown numbers in formula (6)b、n、β, to solve formula (6), least square fitting process is introduced in frequency band range, i.e.,：
(7)
Wherein,KFor the frequency content number for assessing unknown parameter；Introduce following constraints simultaneously：
(8)
According to the constraints, can improve in back scattering characteristic there is the decay in the area-of-interest of homogeneity to assess accurate
Property.
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| JP6705261B2 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2020-06-03 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Image generating apparatus and image generating method |
| CN107290429A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-10-24 | 无锡海鹰电子医疗系统有限公司 | Ultrasound measurement system and detection method for detecting deep structure crack |
| CN109394263B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on backscattering coefficient |
| WO2020113397A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic imaging method and ultrasonic imaging system |
| WO2020142760A1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-09 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Systems and methods for ultrasound attenuation coefficient estimation |
| CN110313940B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-06-01 | 无锡海斯凯尔医学技术有限公司 | Signal attenuation calculation method, device, equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111466951B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-04-07 | 深圳开立生物医疗科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for generating ultrasonic attenuation image, ultrasonic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112807024B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-05-24 | 清华大学 | Ultrasonic image quantitative evaluation system |
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