CN109394263B - Ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on backscattering coefficient - Google Patents

Ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on backscattering coefficient Download PDF

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CN109394263B
CN109394263B CN201811115577.1A CN201811115577A CN109394263B CN 109394263 B CN109394263 B CN 109394263B CN 201811115577 A CN201811115577 A CN 201811115577A CN 109394263 B CN109394263 B CN 109394263B
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周著黄
欧阳亚丽
吴水才
高宏建
丁琪瑛
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on a backscattering coefficient, which is a method for calculating the backscattering coefficient, then calculating ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameters and calculating an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale image based on an ultrasonic radio frequency signal. Sliding windows of different scales on the ultrasonic radio frequency signals, calculating ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter parameters in each sliding window based on backscattering coefficients to obtain ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter parameter value matrixes under all scales, interpolating the ultrasonic scattering sub-parameter value matrixes under all scales into the size of the ultrasonic radio frequency signals, performing superposition averaging to obtain multi-scale ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter parameter matrixes, and performing color mapping on the multi-scale ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter parameter matrixes to obtain ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter multi-scale images. The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method can be used for ultrasonic tissue characterization of biological tissues such as mammary gland, liver and the like.

Description

Ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on backscattering coefficient
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, and particularly relates to a medical ultrasonic signal processing method, in particular to a method for calculating a backscattering coefficient by using an ultrasonic backscattering signal (radio frequency signal), then calculating an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter and carrying out multi-scale imaging.
Background
Ultrasonic imaging is widely used in clinical diagnosis due to its characteristics of good real-time performance, low cost, no ionizing radiation and the like. An ultrasonic probe (transducer) transmits ultrasonic waves into tissue, and after the ultrasonic waves and the tissue generate a series of interactions such as scattering, reflection, diffraction and the like, the ultrasonic probe receives back scattering echoes of the tissue. The commonly used "B-mode ultrasound" (B-mode ultrasound imaging) utilizes amplitude information of a back-scattered signal (radio frequency signal) to perform imaging, but loses information such as frequency, so that diagnostic information of the ultrasound imaging is limited.
Biological soft tissue can be modeled as a series of ultrasound scatterers, i.e., a combination of tiny particles that scatter sound waves. The ultrasonic probe transmits ultrasonic waves into soft tissue and receives back scattering echoes from scatterers, so that ultrasonic radio frequency signals are also called back scattering signals. For liver and breast tissue, ultrasound scatterers include hepatocytes, breast cells (diffuse scatterers) and liver lobules, breast ducts/lobules (coherent scatterers), etc., which may directly reflect the microstructure of the tissue. The ultrasound backscatter signal implies important properties of scatterers, such as: scattering subvolume size, acoustic impedance, concentration and arrangement, etc. On the other hand, the ultrasonic scatterer characteristic parameter imaging algorithm based on the sliding window has a key problem to be solved, namely different window sizes can influence scatterer characteristic parameter images; specifically, a larger window may result in stable parameter estimation and better smoothness of the scatterometry sub-parametric image, and a smaller window may result in higher resolution of the scatterometry sub-parametric image. In order to take the advantages of a large window and a small window into consideration, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on a backscattering coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on a backscattering coefficient, which can be used for ultrasonic tissue characterization of biological tissues such as mammary gland, liver and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a backscattering coefficient-based ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method comprises the following steps:
(1) sliding a rectangular window over an ultrasonic RF signalThe ultrasonic radio-frequency signal is M multiplied by N, namely M scanning lines, each scanning line comprises N sampling points, and the distance between every two adjacent scanning lines is IntlatMeter, the distance between two adjacent sampling points is IntaxiAnd (4) rice. The size of the rectangular window (i.e. sliding window) is Mw×NwDenotes MwScanning line NwAnd (4) sampling points. The sliding window has sliding steps of delta in the X direction (scanning line direction) and Z direction (sampling point direction)XAnd deltaZTo obtain σ in totalX×σZA sliding window, δXAnd deltaZDenotes the distance between two adjacent sliding windows in the X-direction and Z-direction, respectively, 0<δX≤Mw，0<δZ≤Nw，σX＝<(M－Mw)/δX>，σZ＝<(N－Nw)/δZ>Wherein<>Indicating rounding up.
(2) For the sigmaX×σZEach size is Mw×NwRespectively calculating the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter value in each sliding window to obtain sigmaX×σZValue of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter, i.e. the size σX×σZTwo-dimensional matrix SD of ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersorig. The ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter calculation in the sliding window comprises the following steps:
(2.1) firstly calculating the back scattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be measured in the sliding windows：
Figure BDA0001810479620000021
Where ω denotes angular frequency, z denotes ultrasonic scanning depth, Ss(omega) is the power spectrum of the tissue to be examined, Sr(omega) is the power spectrum of the reference phantom, the backscattering coefficient BSC of the reference phantomrAnd attenuation coefficient alphar(ω) is known. Attenuation coefficient alpha of tissue to be measureds(ω) was calculated using a spectral difference method based on a reference phantom:
Figure BDA0001810479620000022
wherein γ (ω) represents ln [ S ]s(ω)/Sr(ω)]The slope of the line is fitted with the ultrasound scan depth z. The power spectrum S is calculated in the following manner:
Figure BDA0001810479620000023
wherein p isn(t) denotes the RF signal of the nth scan line in the sliding window, FT denotes the Fourier transform, NswIs the number of scan lines within the sliding window.
(2.2) the scatterer diameter SD in the sliding window passes through the back scattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be measuredsTheoretical backscattering coefficient BSC of spherical Gaussian scatterertThe least squares fit between yields:
Figure BDA0001810479620000031
the above formula represents
Figure BDA0001810479620000032
Minimum SD, where ωminAnd ωmaxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of omega, nωIndicates the number of values of ω,. psi (ω, SD) and
Figure BDA0001810479620000033
calculated by the following formula:
ψ(ω,SD)＝10ln[BSCs(ω)]-10ln[BSCt(ω)]wherein BSCs(omega) and BSCt(omega) respectively represents the back scattering coefficient of the tissue to be detected under the angular frequency omega and the theoretical back scattering coefficient of the spherical Gaussian scatterer,
Figure BDA0001810479620000034
(3) for said size σX×σZTwo-dimensional of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameterMatrix SDorigAnd interpolating the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter into an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDM with the size of M multiplied by N.
(4) Size M of sliding windowwAnd NwAre respectively set as Mw＝<ε×Len/Intlat>，Nw＝<ε×Len/Intaxi>Where Len is the length of the ultrasonic transmit pulse, Len is in meters,<>meaning rounding up, epsilon in turn takes the values 1,21In which epsilon1Is a positive integer more than or equal to 2. For each epsilon value, calculating an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDM under each epsilon value, namely each scale by respectively using the steps 1 to 3ε。
(5) Calculating two-dimensional matrix SDM (software description model) of multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersmul：
Figure BDA0001810479620000035
(6) For multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDMmulAnd performing color mapping to obtain an ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter multi-scale image.
The invention has the advantages of
The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on the backscattering coefficient has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on a backscattering coefficient, which effectively solves a key problem in an ultrasonic scatterer characteristic parameter imaging algorithm based on a sliding window: the big window and the small window have advantages and disadvantages respectively, and the advantages of the big window and the small window cannot be considered at the same time. The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on the backscattering coefficient effectively solves the contradiction between the large window and the small window, and can effectively give consideration to the advantages of the large window and the small window.
2. The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on the backscattering coefficient can effectively make up for the defects of the traditional B-mode ultrasound, namely ultrasonic scatterer diameter information which cannot be provided by the traditional B-mode ultrasound is provided, and the scatterer diameter information has the characteristic of multi-scale, so that the ultrasonic tissue characterization and disease diagnosis of tissues such as liver, mammary gland and the like are facilitated.
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FIG. 1: a flow chart of the method of the invention;
FIG. 2: ultrasonic radio frequency signals and a sliding window schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses an ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method based on a backscattering coefficient, which is a method for calculating the backscattering coefficient based on an ultrasonic backscattering signal (radio frequency signal) of a tissue to be detected, then calculating an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter and calculating a multi-scale image of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter.
Without loss of generality, the ultrasonic radio frequency signal is composed of M scanning lines, each scanning line comprises N sampling points, and the distance between every two adjacent scanning lines is Intlat(in meters) and the distance between two adjacent sampling points is Intaxi(unit is meter), the ultrasonic radio frequency signal is a two-dimensional matrix with the size of M multiplied by N; let Len (in meters) be the length of the ultrasound transmit pulse. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) sliding a rectangular window on the ultrasonic radio frequency signal, as shown in fig. 2, wherein the width and height of the sliding window are both epsilon × Len (unit is meter), and epsilon is a positive integer; the size of the sliding window expressed by the number of scanning lines and the number of sampling points is Mw×NwDenotes MwScanning line NwA sampling point where Mw＝<ε×Len/Intlat>，Nw＝<ε×Len/Intaxi>，<>Indicating rounding up. Let the step length of sliding window in X and Z directions (FIG. 2) be deltaXAnd deltaZTo obtain σ in totalX×σZA sliding window, δXAnd deltaZRespectively representing the distance between two adjacent sliding windows in the X and Z directions, satisfying the following condition:
0<δX≤Mw，0<δZ≤Nw。
in this embodiment, δX＝<0.5×Mw>，δZ＝<0.5×Nw>。σXAnd σZThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
σX＝<(M－Mw)/δX>，σZ＝<(N－Nw)/δZ>。
(2) for σX×σZEach size is Mw×NwRespectively calculating the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter value in each sliding window to obtain sigmaX×σZValue of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter, i.e. the size σX×σZTwo-dimensional matrix SD of ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersorig. The method for calculating the diameter parameter of the ultrasonic scatterer in the sliding window comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the back scattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be measured in the sliding windows：
Figure BDA0001810479620000051
Where ω denotes angular frequency, z denotes ultrasonic scanning depth, Ss(omega) is the power spectrum of the tissue to be examined, Sr(omega) is the power spectrum of the reference phantom, the backscattering coefficient BSC of the reference phantomrAnd attenuation coefficient alphar(ω) is known. Attenuation coefficient alpha of tissue to be measuredsThe (ω) can be calculated by a spectral shift (spectral shift) method or a spectral difference (spectral difference) method, and in this example, a reference phantom-based spectral difference method is adopted:
Figure BDA0001810479620000052
wherein γ (ω) represents ln [ S ]s(ω)/Sr(ω)]The slope of the line is fitted with the ultrasound scan depth z. The medium of the reference phantom may be of any type, but it is required that its scattering type is incoherent. In addition, the ultrasonic imaging system and imaging parameters adopted by the tissue to be detected and the reference phantom are required to be consistent. The power spectrum S is calculated in the manner：
Figure BDA0001810479620000053
Wherein p isn(t) denotes the RF signal of the nth scan line in the sliding window, FT denotes the Fourier transform, NswIs the number of scan lines within the sliding window.
The scatterer diameter SD in the sliding window passes through the back scattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be detectedsTheoretical backscattering coefficient BSC of spherical Gaussian scatterertThe least squares fit between yields:
Figure BDA0001810479620000061
the above formula represents
Figure BDA0001810479620000062
Minimum SD, where ωminAnd ωmaxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of omega, nωIndicates the number of values of ω,. psi (ω, SD) and
Figure BDA0001810479620000063
calculated by the following formula:
ψ(ω,SD)＝10ln[BSCs(ω)]-10ln[BSCt(ω)]wherein BSCs(omega) and BSCt(omega) respectively represents the back scattering coefficient of the tissue to be detected under the angular frequency omega and the theoretical back scattering coefficient of the spherical Gaussian scatterer,
Figure BDA0001810479620000064
theoretical backscattering coefficient BSC of spherical Gaussian scatterertCalculated by the method reported in the following documents: faran Jr J.Sound scattering by soluble cyclines and spheres.journal of the environmental Society of America,1951,23(4): 405-.
(3) For said size σX×σZUltrasonic scatterer diameter parameter twoDimension matrix SDorigAnd interpolating the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter into an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDM with the size of M multiplied by N. The interpolation can adopt methods such as nearest neighbor interpolation, bilinear interpolation, cubic spline interpolation and the like. In this embodiment, cubic spline interpolation is adopted.
(4) For epsilon, values 1,2, epsilon are taken in sequence1In which epsilon1Is a positive integer more than or equal to 2, and the two-dimensional matrix SDM of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter under each epsilon value, namely each scale is respectively calculated by utilizing the steps 1 to 3ε. In this example,. epsilon1And 10 is taken.
(5) Calculating two-dimensional matrix SDM (software description model) of multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersmul：
Figure BDA0001810479620000071
(6) For multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDMmulAnd performing color mapping to obtain an ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter multi-scale image. The color mapping can adopt methods such as Jet, Hot, Spring and the like in Matlab software. In this embodiment, Jet color mapping is employed.
The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method is a process for calculating ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameters and obtaining ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale images. The ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method can be used for ultrasonic tissue characterization of biological tissues such as mammary gland, liver and the like.

Claims (1)

1. A backscattering coefficient-based ultrasonic scatterer diameter multi-scale imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sliding a rectangular window on an ultrasonic radio frequency signal of a tissue to be detected, wherein the size of the ultrasonic radio frequency signal is MxN, namely M scanning lines, each scanning line comprises N sampling points, and the distance between every two adjacent scanning lines is IntlatMeter, the distance between two adjacent sampling points is IntaxiRice; the size of the rectangular window, namely the sliding window is Mw×NwDenotes MwScanning line NwA sampling point, Mw＝<ε×Len/Intlat>，Nw＝<ε×Len/Intaxi>Where Len is the length of the ultrasonic transmit pulse, Len is in meters,<>represents rounding up, epsilon is a positive integer; the sliding window has sliding steps delta in the X direction, i.e. scanning line direction, and Z direction, i.e. sampling point directionXAnd deltaZTo obtain σ in totalX×σZA sliding window, δXAnd deltaZDenotes the distance between two adjacent sliding windows in the X-direction and Z-direction, respectively, 0<δX≤Mw，0<δZ≤Nw，σX＝<(M－Mw)/δX>，σZ＝<(N－Nw)/δZ>Wherein<>Represents rounding up;
step 2, for the sigmaX×σZEach size is Mw×NwRespectively calculating the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter value in each sliding window to obtain sigmaX×σZValue of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter, i.e. the size σX×σZTwo-dimensional matrix SD of ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersorig；
The ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter calculation in the sliding window comprises the following steps of 2.1-2.2:
step 2.1, calculating the backscattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be measured in the sliding windows：
Figure FDA0003018601130000011
Where ω denotes angular frequency, z denotes ultrasonic scanning depth, Ss(omega) is the power spectrum of the tissue to be examined, Sr(omega) is the power spectrum of the reference phantom, the backscattering coefficient BSC of the reference phantomrAnd attenuation coefficient alphar(ω) is known; attenuation coefficient alpha of tissue to be measureds(ω) was calculated using a spectral difference method based on a reference phantom:
Figure FDA0003018601130000012
wherein γ (ω) represents ln [ S ]s(ω)/Sr(ω)]Fitting the slope of a straight line along with the ultrasonic scanning depth z; the power spectrum S is calculated in the following manner:
Figure FDA0003018601130000013
wherein p isn(t) denotes the RF signal of the nth scan line in the sliding window, FT denotes the Fourier transform, NswIs the number of scan lines within the sliding window;
step 2.2, the scatterer diameter SD in the sliding window passes through the back scattering coefficient BSC of the tissue to be detectedsTheoretical backscattering coefficient BSC of spherical Gaussian scatterertThe least squares fit between yields:
Figure FDA0003018601130000021
the above formula represents
Figure FDA0003018601130000022
Minimum SD, where ωminAnd ωmaxRespectively representing the minimum value and the maximum value of omega, nωIndicates the number of values of ω,. psi (ω, SD) and
Figure FDA0003018601130000023
calculated by the following formula:
ψ(ω,SD)＝10ln[BSCs(ω)]-10ln[BSCt(ω)]wherein BSCs(omega) and BSCt(omega) respectively represents the back scattering coefficient of the tissue to be detected under the angular frequency omega and the theoretical back scattering coefficient of the spherical Gaussian scatterer,
Figure FDA0003018601130000024
step 3, carrying out diameter parameter on the ultrasonic scattererNumber two-dimensional matrix SDorigInterpolating the data into an ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter two-dimensional matrix SDM with the size of M multiplied by N;
step 4, sequentially taking values of 1,2, epsilon for epsilon1In which epsilon1Is a positive integer more than or equal to 2, and the two-dimensional matrix SDM of the ultrasonic scatterer diameter parameter under each epsilon value, namely each scale is respectively calculated by utilizing the steps 1 to 3ε；
Step 5, calculating a two-dimensional matrix SDM of multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersmul：
Figure FDA0003018601130000025
Step 6, carrying out SDM (two-dimensional matrix) on multi-scale ultrasonic scatterer diameter parametersmulAnd performing color mapping to obtain an ultrasonic scattering sub-diameter multi-scale image.
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