CN104997034A - 抗氧化沙棘hg型果胶膳食纤维及其分离纯化方法与应用 - Google Patents
抗氧化沙棘hg型果胶膳食纤维及其分离纯化方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104997034A CN104997034A CN201510433348.4A CN201510433348A CN104997034A CN 104997034 A CN104997034 A CN 104997034A CN 201510433348 A CN201510433348 A CN 201510433348A CN 104997034 A CN104997034 A CN 104997034A
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- C08B37/0048—Processes of extraction from organic materials
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维,该果胶膳食纤维是指整体形态由长5~100μm、直径0.02~3.7μm的纤维丝交联而成的大小不同、表面平整光滑、分布均匀的片状结构,其糖链化学结构以α-(1→4)-D-Gal<i>p</i>A残基形成主链的HG型果胶;其分子量为4.4~180.7?kDa,半乳糖醛酸含量≥95%,葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖总含量<5%,蛋白质含量<1%,余量为人体必需金属元素。本发明从沙棘果实中分离纯化得到一种具有抗氧化活性的HG型果胶膳食纤维,其具有的膳食纤维功能性结构不仅能够有效阻止自由基的产生,而且能够显著清除已产生的自由基。此外,还含有少量的钠、镁、钾、铁、钙等人体必需金属元素。同时,本发明还公开了该果胶膳食纤维的纯化方法及应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其涉及抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维及其分离纯化方法与应用。
背景技术
氧化应激是指细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成和防止ROS损伤的抗氧化能力之间失去平衡的状态,倾向于氧化,自由基的产生超过了抗氧化剂的防御能力,而导致的细胞损伤(Gupta-Elera Gaytri et al. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2012, 21: 155-162。研究表明,ROS与多种疾病有息息相关,在动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、冠心病、皮肤病、呼吸道疾病等疾病中,ROS都起着重要作用,尤其是在癌症和心血管疾病等发病率日益增高的疾病中的作用,已引起当今各国学者的广泛关注(Ishdorj Ganchimeg et al. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 2012, 53: 26-33; Lijnen Paul et al. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 2012, 30: e1-e8; Vurusaner Beyza et al. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2012, 52: 7-18)。
目前,由于合成抗氧化剂如二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基茵香醚(BHA)等多数技术复杂,成本较高,且有较大的毒性甚至致癌作用,使人们对合成抗氧化剂产生疑虑和排斥心理,临床应用有较大的局限性,而天然抗氧化剂安全,低毒,符合新世纪人们对健康的需求,因此,从资源丰富的天然药物中寻找高效、低毒、价廉的抗氧化剂已成为该领域研究的一个重要方向,其抗氧化作用机制的研究,对进一步天然抗氧化药物的研究开发具有重要意义。
膳食纤维是指植物中天然存在的、提取的或合成的碳水化合物的聚合物,其聚合度DP≥3、不能被人体小肠消化吸收、对人体有健康意义的物质,包括纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、菊粉及其它一些膳食纤维单体成分等(《GBZ 21922-2008 食品营养成分基本术语》)。膳食纤维是健康饮食不可缺少的,纤维在保持消化系统健康上扮演着重要的角色,同时摄取足够的纤维也可以预防心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病以及其它疾病。其中,Homogalacturonans(简称HG型)果胶类膳食纤维是由α-D-半乳糖醛酸残基通过1 ,4糖苷键连接而成的线性糖链,由100~500个GaUA 残基组成。由于具有良好的胶凝性和乳化性,HG型果胶类膳食纤维在食品工业、医药、化妆品、纺织、印染、冶金、烟草等行业中都有广泛的应用。近年来研究表明,果胶类多糖具有抗菌、止血、消肿、解毒、止泻、降血脂、抗辐射等作用,还是一种优良的药物制剂基质,可单独或与其它制剂合用配制软膏、膜、栓剂、微囊等药物制剂。
而目前,已公开或授权的专利中还没有抗氧化HG型果胶膳食纤维的报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是提供该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的应用。
为解决上述问题,本发明所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维,其特征在于:该果胶膳食纤维是指整体形态由长5~100μm、直径0.02~3.7μm的纤维丝交联而成的大小不同、表面平整光滑、分布均匀的片状结构,其糖链化学结构以α-(1→4)-D-GalpA残基形成主链的HG型果胶;其分子量为4.4~180.7 kDa,半乳糖醛酸含量≥95%,葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖总含量<5%,蛋白质含量<1%,余量为人体必需金属元素。
如上所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴将沙棘果加水经微波-超声波协同提取,得到提取液,该提取液经离心去除沉淀,收集上清液A;所述上清液A在温度为60~80℃的条件下浓缩至原体积的20~40%后,得到浓缩液,该浓缩液用其质量3~4倍且体积浓度为95~100%的乙醇沉淀得到多糖沉淀;所述多糖沉淀经冷冻干燥得沙棘多糖;
⑵将所述沙棘多糖按其质量的10~20倍加水复溶,经离心去除沉淀,得到上清液B,该上清液B经DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析后,依次用2~3倍柱体积的蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液洗脱,并根据糖含量分布曲线收集0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液的洗脱液A;所述洗脱液A依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,得到沙棘酸性多糖;
⑶将所述沙棘酸性多糖按其质量的5~10倍加水溶解后,用Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化,并根据糖含量分布曲线收集4.4~180.7 kDa分子量范围的洗脱液B;所述洗脱液B依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,即得沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维。
所述步骤⑴中的沙棘果是指沙棘的成熟果实。
所述步骤⑴中的微波-超声波协同提取条件是指料液质量比为1:15~25,微波功率为340~400W,超声波功率为800~860W,提取总时间为20~32min,温度为90~100℃。
所述步骤⑴和所述步骤⑵中的离心条件均是指离心转速为4000~10000 rpm,离心时间为10~60 min。
所述步骤⑴和所述步骤⑵及所述步骤⑶中的冷冻干燥条件均是指真空度10~100Pa、温度为-55℃~ -70℃的条件下冷冻干燥24~72h。
所述步骤⑵的DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析的条件是指色谱柱直径10~30cm、长度50~100cm,流动相依次为蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl,流速为20~40cm/h。
所述步骤⑵和所述步骤⑶中的透析除盐条件均是指透析袋截留分子量500~3500Da,蒸馏水中透析24~48h。
所述步骤⑶中的Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化条件是指色谱柱直径1~5cm、长度80~120cm,流动相为0.05~0.5mol/L NaCl水溶液,流速为10~20cm/h。
如上所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的应用,其特征在于:在具有抗氧化功能产品中至少包含有该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明从沙棘果实中分离纯化得到一种具有抗氧化活性的HG型果胶膳食纤维,其具有的膳食纤维功能性结构不仅能够有效阻止自由基的产生,而且能够显著清除已产生的自由基。此外,还含有少量的钠、镁、钾、铁、钙等人体必需金属元素。
2、本发明抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维兼具膳食纤维和天然抗氧化剂的功能,在制备用于氧化应激相关疾病如肿瘤、高血压、高胆固醇血症、高血糖等的药品及保健食品中有着重要作用,具有极高的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。
3、本发明抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维经PMP柱前衍生化法分析(参见图3),主要由95%以上的半乳糖醛酸组成,还含有少量的葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖;考马斯亮蓝法检测,其蛋白质含量<1%;经Sepharose CL-6B分子筛柱层析和HPGPC分析(参见图2和图3),分子量分布范围4.4~180.7 kDa;红外光谱和核磁共振波谱分析(参见图4、图5),其糖链化学结构是以α-(1→4)-D-GalpA残基形成直链HG型果胶。扫描电镜分析发现(参见图6),沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维显现出由长5~100μm、直径0.02~3.7μm的纤维丝交联而成的大小不同的片状结构,且表面平整光滑、分布均匀。X射线能谱分析表明(参见图7),沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维除了含有53.47%的碳元素和43.64%的氧元素以外,还含有少量的钠、镁、钾、铁、钙等人体必需金属元素。
4、经抗氧化能力评价结果表明,本发明沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维不仅能够有效阻止自由基的产生,而且能够显著清除已产生的自由基。其自由基产生必需中间体O2-·清除效果的IC50值为6.74 mg/mL,H2O2清除效果的IC50值为3.44 mg/mL,DPPH自由基清除效果的IC50值为4.20 mg/mL,羟基自由基(·OH)清除效果的IC50值为1.26 mg/mL。
沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维阻止自由基产生活性分析采用自由基产生必需中间体超氧负离子(O2 -·)清除实验和H2O2清除实验,自由基清除活性分析采用DPPH自由基清除实验和羟基自由基(·OH)清除实验。
⑴超氧负离子(O2-·)清除实验:
活性氧指的是一系列由氧产生的化学活性分子,大量研究表明其与人体的衰老以及多种疾病(肿瘤、心脑血管等)密切相关。O2-·作为活性氧的一种,由氧分子在自然条件下得到一个电子而产生,其活性并不很强。但是,它能够在自然条件或过氧化物歧化酶的作用下得到一个电子成为H2O2,继而产生活性极强的·OH。本实验采用PMS-NADH-NBT体系测定多糖的O2 -·清除能力。
具体操作:取1 mL不同浓度样品溶液(0.25~4 mg/mL),加入1 mL氯化硝基四氮唑NBT(300 μM),1 mL还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸NADH(936 μM),加入1 mL吩嗪硫酸二甲酯PMS(120 μM)启动反应,25℃水浴反应5 min后,测定其560 nm处的吸光值(A560 nm)。0.1 M pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液作为空白对照,抗坏血酸为阳性对照。按下面公式计算超氧负离子(O2 -·)清除率:
超氧负离子(O2 -·)清除率=(1–Asample/Acontrol)×100%,其中Asample为测试样品的A560 nm,Acontrol为空白对照的A560 nm。
⑵H2O2清除实验:
H2O2也是活性氧的一种,虽属中等活性,但却是许多活性较强的自由基产生过程的中间体,如H2O2在髓过氧化物酶的作用下,参与产生次氯酸(HClO),在金属离子存在下,参与产生羟自由基。因此,清除H2O2就阻止了自由基产生的链式反应。本实验采用辣根过氧化物酶法测定多糖对H2O2的清除作用。
具体操作:取1 mL不同浓度样品溶液(0.25~4 mg/mL),加入0.4 mL H2O2(5 mM),在室温下放置20 min,再加入0.6 mL辣根过氧化物酶(HRpase 300 μg/mL,苯酚红4.5 mM在100 mM pH7.4磷酸缓冲液中),静置10 min后,测定其610 nm处的吸光值A610 nm。按下面公式计算多糖的H2O2清除率:
H2O2清除率=(1–Asample/Acontrol)×100%,其中Asample为测试样品的A610 nm,Acontrol为空白对照的A610 nm。
⑶DPPH自由基清除实验:
DPPH是一种稳定的有机自由基,其乙醇溶液呈紫红色,在可见光区最大吸收峰为517 nm。当存在自由基清除剂时,由于与其单电子配对而使其逐渐消失,其褪色程度与所接受的电子数成定量关系,因而可用分光光度法进行定量分析。利用DPPH的以上特性,用分光光度法测定加入胶陀螺多糖后混合溶液517 nm波长处的吸光值(A517 nm)的变化程度可以反映其对有机自由基的消除能力。
具体操作:取4 mL不同浓度的多糖溶液(0.5~4 mg/mL),与0.1 M DPPH甲醇溶液1 mL混合,剧烈振荡,于暗处静置15 min,再于室温下静置20 min。蒸馏水作为空白对照,抗坏血酸为阳性对照。用分光光度计测定反应溶液的A517 nm。按照下面的公式计算多糖的DPPH清除率:
DPPH清除率=(1–Asample/Acontrol)×100%,其中Asample为测试样品的A517 nm,Acontrol为空白对照的A517 nm。
⑷羟基自由基(·OH)清除实验:
羟基自由基(·OH)是代谢过程中产生的非常活泼的自由基,毒性很大,能够造成蛋白质、核酸、脂类等生物大分子的损伤,从而导致体内代谢紊乱,引起许多病理变化。本研究采用脱氧核糖-铁体系法对多糖的羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力进行测定。
具体操作:依次向试管中加入50 mM pH 7.5的磷酸盐缓冲液0.4 mL,0.5~10 mg/mL的样品溶液0.1 mL(对照用蒸馏水),1 mM的EDTA溶液0.1 mL,10 mmol/L的H2O2 0.1 mL,2 mM的抗坏血酸溶液0.1 mL,60 mM的脱氧核糖溶液0.1 mL(样品空白不加),1 mM的FeCl3溶液0.1 mL,各管最终体积为1.0 mL,37℃水浴1 h,取出后迅速加入10%的三氯乙酸1.0 mL终止反应,再加入1%硫代巴比妥酸1.0 mL,沸水浴反应15 min后立即冷却,于532 nm波长处测定吸光值(A532 nm),按下式计算清除率:
羟基自由基(·OH)清除率=(1–Asample/Acontrol)×100%,其中Asample为测试样品的A532 nm,Acontrol为空白对照的A532 nm。
⑸统计方法:
所获得数值型实验数据以SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,半数抑制浓度(IC50,mg/mL)采用概率单位回归计算得出,多组样本之间的两两比较采用方差分析q检验。检验水准α=0.01。
所得沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维抗的抗氧化作用如表1所示。IC50值可以体现天然产物的抗氧化能力,是抗氧化功能评价的一个常用指标,该值没有一个界限值,通常数值越小表明抗氧化能力越强。从上述结果可以看出,沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的抗氧化能力显著优于阳性对照物香菇多糖。因此,可以看出本方法分离纯化得到的沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维具有良好的抗氧化活性。
表1 沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维抗氧化能力评价结果
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明沙棘多糖的DEAE-纤维素柱层析洗脱图。
图2为本发明沙棘酸性糖的Sepharose CL-6B柱层析洗脱图。
图3为本发明抗氧化沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的HPGPC洗脱图。
图4为本发明抗氧化沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的红外光谱图。
图5为本发明抗氧化沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的13C核磁共振波谱图。
图6为本发明抗氧化沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的扫面电镜照片。
图7为本发明抗氧化沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维的X射线能谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1 抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维,该果胶膳食纤维是指整体形态由长5~100μm、直径0.02~3.7μm的纤维丝交联而成的大小不同、表面平整光滑、分布均匀的片状结构,其糖链化学结构以α-(1→4)-D-GalpA残基形成主链的HG型果胶;其分子量为4.4~180.7 kDa,半乳糖醛酸含量≥95%,葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖总含量<5%,蛋白质含量<1%,余量为人体必需金属元素(钠、镁、钾、铁、钙等)。
实施例2 该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴将沙棘果加水经微波-超声波协同提取,得到提取液,该提取液经离心去除沉淀,收集上清液A;上清液A在温度为60~80℃的条件下浓缩至原体积的20~40%后,得到浓缩液,该浓缩液用其质量3~4倍且体积浓度为95~100%的乙醇沉淀得到多糖沉淀;多糖沉淀经冷冻干燥得沙棘多糖。所得沙棘多糖得率为10.98%,糖含量为48.06 %(苯酚-硫酸法,以半乳糖醛酸计),抗氧化能力TEAC为730.22 mg TE/100g。
其中:沙棘果是指沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)的成熟果实。
微波-超声波协同提取条件是指料液质量比(g:g)为1:15~25,微波功率为340~400W,超声波功率为800~860W,提取总时间为20~32min,温度为90~100℃。
离心条件均是指离心转速为4000~10000 rpm,离心时间为10~60 min。
冷冻干燥条件均是指真空度10~100Pa、温度为-55℃~ -70℃的条件下冷冻干燥24~72h。
⑵将沙棘多糖按其质量的10~20倍加水复溶,经离心去除沉淀,得到上清液B,该上清液B经DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析后,依次用2~3倍柱体积的蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液洗脱(参见图1),并根据糖含量分布曲线收集0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液的洗脱液A;洗脱液A依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,得到沙棘酸性多糖。所得沙棘酸性多糖得率为7.68%,糖含量为82.7 %(苯酚-硫酸法,以半乳糖醛酸计)。
其中:离心条件均是指离心转速为4000~10000 rpm,离心时间为10~60 min。
DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析的条件是指色谱柱直径10~30cm、长度50~100cm,流动相依次为蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl,流速为20~40cm/h。
透析除盐条件均是指透析袋截留分子量500~3500Da,蒸馏水中透析24~48h。
冷冻干燥条件均是指真空度10~100Pa、温度为-55℃~ -70℃的条件下冷冻干燥24~72h。
⑶将沙棘酸性多糖按其质量的5~10倍加水溶解后,用Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化(参见图2),并根据糖含量分布曲线收集4.4~180.7 kDa分子量范围的洗脱液B;洗脱液B依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,即得沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维。所得沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维得率为4.40%,糖含量为95.3 %(苯酚-硫酸法,以半乳糖醛酸计)。
其中:Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化条件是指色谱柱直径1~5cm、长度80~120cm,流动相为0.05~0.5mol/L NaCl水溶液,流速为10~20cm/h。
透析除盐条件均是指透析袋截留分子量500~3500Da,蒸馏水中透析24~48h。
冷冻干燥条件均是指真空度10~100Pa、温度为-55℃~ -70℃的条件下冷冻干燥24~72h。
实施例3 该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的应用是指:在具有抗氧化功能产品中至少包含有该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维。
沙棘购自青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州都兰县沙棘加工企业;提取装置为XH-300B微波超声波合成/萃取仪(北京祥鹄科技发展有限公司),冷冻干燥机为FD-2型冷冻干燥机(北京博医康实验仪器有限公司)。
上述实施例1~3中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
上述实施例1~3中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
Claims (10)
1.抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维,其特征在于:该果胶膳食纤维是指整体形态由长5~100μm、直径0.02~3.7μm的纤维丝交联而成的大小不同、表面平整光滑、分布均匀的片状结构,其糖链化学结构以α-(1→4)-D-GalpA残基形成主链的HG型果胶;其分子量为4.4~180.7 kDa,半乳糖醛酸含量≥95%,葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖总含量<5%,蛋白质含量<1%,余量为人体必需金属元素。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
⑴将沙棘果加水经微波-超声波协同提取,得到提取液,该提取液经离心去除沉淀,收集上清液A;所述上清液A在温度为60~80℃的条件下浓缩至原体积的20~40%后,得到浓缩液,该浓缩液用其质量3~4倍且体积浓度为95~100%的乙醇沉淀得到多糖沉淀;所述多糖沉淀经冷冻干燥得沙棘多糖;
⑵将所述沙棘多糖按其质量的10~20倍加水复溶,经离心去除沉淀,得到上清液B,该上清液B经DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析后,依次用2~3倍柱体积的蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液洗脱,并根据糖含量分布曲线收集0.5 mol/L NaCl水溶液的洗脱液A;所述洗脱液A依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,得到沙棘酸性多糖;
⑶将所述沙棘酸性多糖按其质量的5~10倍加水溶解后,用Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化,并根据糖含量分布曲线收集4.4~180.7 kDa分子量范围的洗脱液B;所述洗脱液B依次经透析除盐、冷冻干燥,即得沙棘HG果胶型膳食纤维。
3.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑴中的沙棘果是指沙棘的成熟果实。
4.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑴中的微波-超声波协同提取条件是指料液质量比为1:15~25,微波功率为340~400W,超声波功率为800~860W,提取总时间为20~32min,温度为90~100℃。
5.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑴和所述步骤⑵中的离心条件均是指离心转速为4000~10000 rpm,离心时间为10~60 min。
6.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑴和所述步骤⑵及所述步骤⑶中的冷冻干燥条件均是指真空度10~100Pa、温度为-55℃~ -70℃的条件下冷冻干燥24~72h。
7.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑵的DEAE-纤维素层析柱层析的条件是指色谱柱直径10~30cm、长度50~100cm,流动相依次为蒸馏水和0.5 mol/L NaCl,流速为20~40cm/h。
8.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑵和所述步骤⑶中的透析除盐条件均是指透析袋截留分子量500~3500Da,蒸馏水中透析24~48h。
9.如权利要求2所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的分离纯化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑶中的Sepharose CL-6B层析柱纯化条件是指色谱柱直径1~5cm、长度80~120cm,流动相为0.05~0.5mol/L NaCl水溶液,流速为10~20cm/h。
10.如权利要求1所述的抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维的应用,其特征在于:在具有抗氧化功能产品中至少包含有该抗氧化沙棘HG型果胶膳食纤维。
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