CN104993058A - Layered perovskite structure material and application in methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell - Google Patents
Layered perovskite structure material and application in methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a layered perovskite structure material and application in a methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell. The general formula of the chemical structure is A*[PbX3], wherein the A is a polymer whose the side chain contains a p-amino group and comprises a polymer whose main chain is a conjugated structure and a polymer whose main chain is saturated carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen chain; and the X is one kind or multiple kinds of chlorine, bromine or iodine. The material is applied in a methylamine lead perovskite thin-film solar cell. According to the invention, film forming quality of a methylamine lead perovskite active layer is effectively improved; the material has high optical performance and uniform shapes and the size of a grain reaches micron order; energy level at the interface can be well adjusted and controlled, well energy level matching is achieved, energy level potential barriers of the interface are reduced, performance of devices are improved, energy conversion efficiency reach 16.0% and manufacturing of the cell is highly repeatable; and resisting ability for vapor in air of the device can be improved and stability of the cell is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar batteries.
Background technology
In numerous novel solar batteries, the plumbous iodine of methylamine based on organic inorganic hybridization is that the Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells of active layer has the long and carrier transport characteristic that binding energy is low, excellent of high absorptivity, exciton lifetime due to it, and cost is low, preparation technology is simple, photoelectric conversion rate is high, be easy to realize the advantages such as large area flexible device, the photoelectric conversion efficiency be equal to silica-based solar cell can be realized, and become the battery types of current film photovoltaic technical field most competitiveness.At present, the efficiency of such Ca-Ti ore type solar cell certification of existing bibliographical information is up to 17.9% [Nat.Photon, 2014,8,506-514], according to the battery efficiency data of the up-to-date announcement in U.S.'s regenerative resource laboratory, the peak efficiency record of such battery more than 20% [National Renewable EnergyLaboratory.http: //www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg (2015)].But current methylamine plumbous iodine perovskite thin film area of solar cell is still faced with two subject matters: 1) nucleation of the plumbous iodine film of methylamine and crystallization process are difficult to control; 2) methylamine plumbous iodine perovskite thin film stability of material is poor, especially responsive to the water oxygen in humid air.These problems have all had a strong impact on Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells efficiency and have improved and use, thus limit it and apply further.
In order to the nucleation of perovskite thin film material can be regulated and controled, crystallization process, thus improve its one-tenth film uniformity, crystallite dimension, and crystalline quality, and then raising device performance, people have employed the preparation technology that many measures improve perovskite thin film, as regulated and controled presoma chemical constituent with Optimal Growing dynamics [Adv.Funct.Mater.2014, 24, 151, Chem.Mater.2014, 26, 7145], select different solvent [Nat.Mater.2014, 13, 897, Adv.Mater.2014, 26, 3748], annealing in process [Science 2015, 347, 522, Acs Nano 2015, 9, 639], different deposition process [J.Am.Chem.Soc.2014, 136, 622, Angew Chem.Int.Ed.2014, 53, 9898] etc.Except improving perovskite film-forming process, large quantity research also finds, interface modification for regulation and control perovskite film forming procedure also helpful [Science 2014,345,295, Nanoscale 2014,6,1508, J.Phys.Chem.C 2014,118,16651].In addition, because the plumbous iodine perovskite material self of methylamine is responsive to the water in air, oxygen, thus bring the problem of battery device poor stability, affect battery.Although there is a small amount of bibliographical information at present, the having of low content steam is beneficial to the crystallization [Science 2014 of the plumbous iodine of methylamine, 345,542, Chem.Commun.2014,, but most of research group carries out the deposition of the plumbous iodine film of methylamine under remaining in glove box dry atmosphere 50,15819].Recently, there is bibliographical information, by selecting larger organic cation, perovskite material can be developed into two-dimensional layered structure from three-dimensional structure, and such layered perovskites is insensitive to the water in air, oxygen, good stability [Angew Chem.Int.Ed.2014,53,11232], but because such two-dimensional layered structure Existential Space is limited, and the dielectric property between organic layer with inorganic layer is not mated, and causes exciton bind energy large, carrier mobility is low, limits it as the application of active layer in Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells.
In research process, we find that polymer that side chain band primary amino radical rolls into a ball is after halogenation (comprising chlorination, bromination and iodate), the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure that can obtain a class novel polymer based on side chain band primary amino radical rolled into a ball blended with lead halide (comprising lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide).This two-dimensional layer perovskite structure is applied in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells as boundary material, can not only the deposition growing process of the plumbous iodine film of regulation activity layer methylamine effectively, obtain evenly, fine and close and compared with the film of large grain size, but also can interface energy level be regulated and controled, reduce interface carrier transmission potential barrier.In addition, the application of such two-dimensional layer perovskite structure can also improve methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells effectively to the tolerance of water in air, oxygen, thus improves stability and the useful life of battery.Such laminated perovskite structure based on the polymer of side chain band primary amino radical group is applied to methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells, up to the present, there is no pertinent literature and patent report both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
A kind of laminated perovskite structure material and the application in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells thereof are the object of this invention is to provide.After the polymer halogenation (comprising chlorination, bromination and iodate) that side chain band primary amino radical is rolled into a ball, blended with lead halide (comprising lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide) again, namely obtain the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure of a series of polymer based on side chain band primary amino radical group, study it as the application of boundary material in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of laminated perovskite structure material of the present invention, is characterized in that it has following chemical structure of general formula:
A·[PbX
3]
Wherein, A be side chain band primary amino radical group polymer, comprise main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group polymer and main chain be saturated carbon-to-carbon or carbon-nitrogen chain side chain band primary amino radical group polymer; X is one or more in chlorine, bromine or iodine;
Described main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group polymer, comprise main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugation homopolymers and main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugated copolymer;
Wherein: main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugation homopolymers chemical structure of general formula be:
Main chain is the conjugated copolymer chemical structure of general formula of the side chain band primary amino radical group of conjugated structure:
Unit B is:
D, E unit is:
The polymer that the side chain band primary amino radical that described main chain is saturated carbon-nitrogen chain is rolled into a ball is for shown in following formula:
Wherein, n is the repetition number of polymer main chain units, is natural number 1-100;
The polymer of the side chain band primary amino radical group that described main chain is saturated carbon carbon bond is for shown in following formula:
Wherein, n and m is the repetition number of polymer main chain units, is natural number 1-100.
A [PbX
3] preparation method of laminated perovskite structure material is as follows:
The polymer that side chain band primary amino radical is rolled into a ball is carried out halogenation by the first step: in nitrogen protection; at 0 DEG C; the polymer rolled into a ball by the side chain band primary amino radical of 2g (2.5mmol), the hydroiodic acid of 10ml (0.04mol) and 100ml methyl alcohol add in the round-bottomed flask of 250 milliliters, stir 12 hours continuously.After reaction, product is steamed at 40 DEG C of backspins, then cleans with ether.Afterwards, then use ethyl alcohol recrystallization, be placed in vacuum drying chamber, in 40 DEG C of dried for standby.
Second step synthesis A [PbX
3] laminated perovskite structure material: the N polymer of the side chain band primary amino radical group after halogenation being dissolved in certain volume, in dinethylformamide, 1:1 (the amino mole namely on polymer is 1:1 with the ratio of lead halide mole) adds lead halide in molar ratio again, stir a period of time, A [PbX can be obtained
3] laminated perovskite structure material.
From the A [PbX of accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2
3] the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrogram of laminated perovskite structure material and Fu Li leaf infrared absorpting light spectra can prove, the present invention successfully synthesizes this laminated perovskite structure material and its chemical structural formula.
Be positioned at the diffraction maximum explanation that 8.07 ° of places occur in accompanying drawing 4, this material is typical layer structure.
Laminated perovskite structure material of the present invention, as the application of boundary material in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type film solar battery structure, prepares solar cell device.
Solar battery structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise host glass or plastic material (1), ito anode layer (2), poly-(3,4-dichloroethane thiophene)/(poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode modification layer (3), the laminated perovskite structure material (4) based on the polymer of side chain band primary amino radical group, plumbous iodine perovskite material (5) of methylamine, 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl group-1-phenyl [6,6]-C-61 (PCBM) layer cathodic modification layer (6), Ag metal electrode layer (7).The laminated perovskite structure material of the described polymer based on side chain band primary amino radical group is mainly used in the boundary layer of solar cell.
The preparation method that a kind of laminated perovskite structure material of the present invention is used as methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells is as follows:
The ito glass good through salt acid etch is used washing agent successively, deionized water, isopropyl alcohol difference ultrasonic cleaning ten minutes, irradiate ten minutes under being put in uviol lamp after thoroughly cleaning, then at the aqueous solution of its surperficial spin coating PEDOT:PSS to prepare the thick PEDOT:PSS film of about 30-50nm, be put in 120 DEG C of heating 20min subsequently.Prepare boundary layer and active layer again, after active layer prepares, then 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl group-1-phenyl [6,6]-C-61 (PCBM) is spin-coated on active layer, afterwards, puts into vacuum coating equipment chamber, be evacuated to 4 × 10
-4below Pa, evaporation Ag electrode, controlling its thickness is about 100nm, can obtain methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells.In the present invention, except Ag electrode evaporation, other each layer all completes under the atmospheric atmosphere having certain humidity.
The preparation of boundary layer of the present invention and active layer is the process be incorporated into by the laminated perovskite structure material of the polymer rolled into a ball based on side chain band primary amino radical by one-step method or two-step method in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type film solar battery structure.
Described one-step method refers to and is first spin-coated on PEDOT:PSS resilient coating by the polymer of the side chain band primary amino radical group after halogenation, again the lead halide of certain mol proportion (is comprised lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide) on the polymer rolled into a ball with the side chain band primary amino radical after the active layer precursor mixed solution of methylamino iodine (mass ratio is 45%) is spin-coated on halogenation, prepare active layer, this one-step method is while preparing active layer, interface original position between PEDOT:PSS resilient coating and active layer forms the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure boundary material of the polymer rolled into a ball based on side chain band primary amino radical.
Described two step method refers to and first lead halide (is comprised lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide) be spin-coated on PEDOT:PSS resilient coating, again the polymer of the side chain band primary amino radical group after halogenation is spin-coated on lead halide film, form the two-dimensional layer perovskite structural material of the polymer based on side chain band primary amino radical group, again the lead halide of certain mol proportion (is comprised lead chloride, lead bromide and lead iodide) be spin-coated on the two-dimensional layer perovskite structural material of the polymer rolled into a ball based on side chain band primary amino radical with the active layer precursor mixed solution of methylamino iodine, prepare active layer, its THICKNESS CONTROL is at about 400nm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: laminated perovskite structure material of the present invention is applied between PEDOT:PSS resilient coating in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells and active layer as boundary material, it effectively can not only improve the quality of forming film of methylamine plumbous iodine perovskite active layer as crystal seed layer, the optical property that prepared active layer has had, uniform pattern, crystal particle scale reaches micron dimension; Meanwhile, this bed boundary material has higher work function, and its application can also regulate and control interface energy level, realizes good level-density parameter, reduces interface energy level potential barrier.Therefore, effectively improve device performance, energy conversion efficiency is up to 16.0% (flexible device efficiency reaches 12.5%), and the repeatability that battery makes is fine.In addition, the application of this boundary material can also improve the blocking capability of battery device to water vapor in air, thus improves stability and the useful life of battery, does not encapsulate and places after 100 hours in atmosphere, still keep the energy conversion efficiency of 80%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is A [PbX
3] the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrogram of laminated perovskite structure material.
Fig. 2 is A [PbX
3] the Fu Li leaf infrared absorpting light spectra of laminated perovskite structure material.
Fig. 3 is A [PbX
3] X ray diffracting spectrum of laminated perovskite structure material.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells.1 is host glass or plastic material, 2 is ito anode layer, 3 is poly-(3,4-dichloroethane thiophene)/poly-(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode modification layer, and 4 be the laminated perovskite structure material of the polymer rolled into a ball based on side chain band primary amino radical; 5 is the plumbous iodine perovskite material of methylamine, and 6 is 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl group-1-phenyl [6,6]-C-61 (PCBM) layer cathodic modification layer, and 7 is Ag metal electrode layer.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 1 is with the voltage-current curve of the methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells prepared for boundary material one-step method based on the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure of polyethyleneimine polymers.
Fig. 6 is that embodiment 1 is with the device energy conversion efficiency tendency chart over time of the methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells prepared for boundary material one-step method based on the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure of polyethyleneimine polymers.
Fig. 7 is that embodiment 2 is with the voltage-current curve of the methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells prepared for boundary material two-step method based on the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure of polyethyleneimine polymers.
Fig. 8 is the voltage-current curve of the methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells that embodiment 3 is prepared for boundary material two-step method with the two-dimensional layer perovskite structure of the polythiophene rolled into a ball based on side chain band primary amino radical.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described further by following examples.
Embodiment 1: one-step method prepares methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells device.
By PbCl
2, PbI
2and CH
3nH
3i is 1:1:4 according to molar ratio, gross mass mark be 45% concentration be dissolved in DMF (DMF) solution, at room temperature stir 12h.Cleaning ito glass surface, after UV ozone clean surface 10min, adopt the rotating speed of 4000rpm that conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS is spin-coated on glass, then 140 DEG C of heating 10min, and then the rotating speed spin coating PEIHI (10mg/ml, methanol solution) on the surface of PEDOT:PSS with 3000rpm modifies.Then perovskite solution with the rotating speed spin coating of 4000rpm, prepare perovskite thin film on its surface.After spin coating, substrate is placed in thermal station, 100 DEG C of heating 60min.On perovskite thin film surface with the rotating speed spin coating PCBM (20mg/ml, chlorobenzene solution) of 1500rpm.In high vacuum conditions, evaporation Ag electrode, obtains solar cell finally.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW/cm
2) under irradiation, open circuit voltage=1.08V; Short circuit current=19.61mA/cm
2; Fill factor, curve factor=70.5%; Energy conversion efficiency=15.0%.As shown in Figure 2, its device performance stability as shown in Figure 3 for its current-voltage curve.
Embodiment 2: two-step method prepares methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells device.
Configure the PbI of 462mg/ml respectively
2the CH of/DMF solution and 20mg/ml
3nH
3i/ aqueous isopropanol.Same cleaning ito glass surface, after UV ozone clean surface 10min, adopt the rotating speed of 4000rpm that conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS is spin-coated on glass, then 140 DEG C of heating 10min, rotating speed spin coating PEIHI (10mg/ml, methanol solution) on the surface of PEDOT:PSS with 3000rpm modifies.Then PbI
2solution with the rotating speed spin coating of 4000rpm, and then spin coating CH thereon
3nH
3i solution.After spin coating, substrate is placed in thermal station, 100 DEG C of heating 10min.On perovskite thin film surface with the rotating speed spin coating PCBM (20mg/ml, chlorobenzene solution) of 1500rpm.In high vacuum conditions, evaporation Ag electrode, obtains solar cell finally.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW/cm
2) under irradiation, open circuit voltage=1.06V; Short circuit current=19.66mA/cm
2; Fill factor, curve factor=72.1%; Energy conversion efficiency=14.9%.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type thin-film solar cells device.
By PbCl
2, PbI
2and CH
3nH
3i is 1:1:4 according to molar ratio, gross mass mark be 45% concentration be dissolved in DMF (DMF) solution, at room temperature stir 12h.Cleaning ito glass surface, after UV ozone clean surface 10min, adopt the rotating speed of 4000rpm that conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS is spin-coated on glass, then 140 DEG C of heating 10min, and then the rotating speed spin coating PTNHI (10mg/ml, aqueous isopropanol) on the surface of PEDOT:PSS with 3000rpm modifies.Then perovskite solution with the rotating speed spin coating of 4000rpm, prepare perovskite thin film on its surface.After spin coating, substrate is placed in thermal station, 100 DEG C of heating 60min.On perovskite thin film surface with the rotating speed spin coating PCBM (20mg/ml, chlorobenzene solution) of 1500rpm.In high vacuum conditions, steaming degree Ag electrode, obtains solar cell finally.
Device performance is: standard analog sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100mW/cm
2) under irradiation, open circuit voltage=1.10V; Short circuit current=20.20mA/cm
2; Fill factor, curve factor=71.9%; Energy conversion efficiency=16.0%.
Claims (2)
1. a laminated perovskite structure material, is characterized in that it has following chemical structure of general formula:
A·[PbX
3]
Wherein, A be side chain band primary amino radical group polymer, comprise main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group polymer and main chain be saturated carbon-to-carbon or carbon-nitrogen chain side chain band primary amino radical group polymer; X is one or more in chlorine, bromine or iodine;
Described main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group polymer, comprise main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugation homopolymers and main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugated copolymer;
Wherein: main chain be conjugated structure side chain band primary amino radical group conjugation homopolymers chemical structure of general formula be:
Main chain is the conjugated copolymer chemical structure of general formula of the side chain band primary amino radical group of conjugated structure:
Unit B is:
D, E unit is:
The polymer that the side chain band primary amino radical that described main chain is saturated carbon-nitrogen chain is rolled into a ball is for shown in following formula:
Wherein, n is the repetition number of polymer main chain units, is natural number 1-100;
The polymer of the side chain band primary amino radical group that described main chain is saturated carbon carbon bond is for shown in following formula:
Wherein, n and m is the repetition number of polymer main chain units, is natural number 1-100.
2. the application of laminated perovskite structure material according to claim 1 in methylamine plumbous iodine Ca-Ti ore type film solar battery structure.
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| CN107331775A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of perovskite solar cell of high-quality electron transfer layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107325004A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | 苏州协鑫纳米科技有限公司 | Perovskite crystal and preparation method thereof |
| CN111180586A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 电子科技大学 | Perovskite photoelectric detector based on active layer optimization and preparation method thereof |
| CN111933801A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-13 | 南昌大学 | Reverse planar perovskite solar cell device with guanidine hexafluorophosphate interface modification layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111933801B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-07-12 | 南昌大学 | Reverse planar perovskite solar cell device with guanidine hexafluorophosphate interface modification layer and preparation method thereof |
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