CN104990856B - Measure the device and method of flow in low permeability core permeability - Google Patents
Measure the device and method of flow in low permeability core permeability Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990856B CN104990856B CN201510420218.7A CN201510420218A CN104990856B CN 104990856 B CN104990856 B CN 104990856B CN 201510420218 A CN201510420218 A CN 201510420218A CN 104990856 B CN104990856 B CN 104990856B
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010549 croup Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to petroleum works field, in particular it relates to experimental provision and method that a kind of permeability to tight rock measures.Measuring the device of flow in low permeability core permeability includes arrival end pressure cap, port of export pressure cap, solidification gum cover, dioxide bottle, glass funnel, the first scale, vavuum pump, polyfluortetraethylene pipe, the second scale, and three ports of the first threeway are connected by pipeline, the outlet of valve and entrance pressure cap, dioxide bottle, glass funnel respectively；Glass funnel is placed vertically, and the side of glass funnel is provided with the first scale vertically；Three ports of the second threeway respectively by pipeline, valve with exporting the outlet of pressure cap, vavuum pump, polyfluortetraethylene pipe are connected, polyfluortetraethylene pipe is horizontal fixed, with tested rock core, the first threeway axis in the same horizontal line, the side of polyfluortetraethylene pipe is placed in parallel the second scale.The flow in low permeability core permeability measuring apparatus dead volume of the present invention is small, and measuring accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for measuring the permeability of a rock core in the field of petroleum and natural gas development, in particular to an experimental device and method for measuring the permeability of a low-permeability rock core.
Background
The low-permeability core means that the permeability is between (0.1-50) multiplied by 10-3The porous medium with the diameter of mu m and the problem of single-phase fluid seepage in the low-permeability core have very wide application background in the fields of energy development, hydraulic engineering, nuclear waste treatment and the like. In the current exploratory reserves and development reserves in china, low permeability reserves account for a large proportion. The permeability of rock characterizes the ability of the rock to allow fluids to pass through and is one of the most fundamental physical parameters describing reservoir rock. Conventional rock with small croup size and low permeability of low-permeability coreIn the flow experiment, due to factors such as instrument dead volume, fluid volatilization, experiment errors, incomplete rock saturation and the like, the inlet pressure and the outlet flow of the low-permeability rock are difficult to accurately measure, so that the measurement result is greatly different from the actual physical process, and the result is difficult to be matched with the actual production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and method capable of accurately measuring the permeability of a low-permeability core.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following scheme:
an apparatus for measuring permeability of a low permeability core, comprising: cap, exit end pressure cap, solidification gum cover, carbon dioxide gas cylinder, glass funnel, first scale, vacuum pump, polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, second scale are pressed to the entry end, wherein: the inlet end pressing cap and the outlet end pressing cap clamp two end faces of the tested rock core, and the tested rock core is horizontally arranged; three ports of the first tee joint are respectively connected with an outlet of the inlet end pressure cap, the carbon dioxide gas cylinder and the glass funnel through pipelines, the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the outlet of the inlet end pressure cap is horizontally arranged, a first valve is arranged on the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the carbon dioxide gas cylinder, the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the glass funnel is a silicone tube, and a second valve is arranged on the silicone tube; the glass funnel is vertically placed, a first scale is vertically arranged on one side of the glass funnel, and the lower end of the first scale is level with the center of the inlet end pressing cap; three ports of the second tee joint are respectively connected with an outlet of the outlet end pressure cap, a vacuum pump and a polytetrafluoroethylene tube through pipelines; a third valve is arranged on a pipeline of the second tee joint connected with the vacuum pump; and a fourth valve is arranged on a pipeline of the second tee joint connected with the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, the inner diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is 1mm, the length of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is 1-2 m, the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is horizontally fixed and is positioned on the same horizontal line with the axis of the tested rock core, and a second scale is arranged on one side of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the low-permeability core permeability measuring device reduces the dead volume of the instrument as much as possible, and avoids the influence of the dead volume on the measuring result;
2. the rock inlet pressure of the low-permeability core permeability measuring device is measured by adopting the height of a liquid column, the outlet flow rate is measured by adopting a polytetrafluoroethylene tube with small inner diameter, the influence of flow resistance in an upstream hose and a downstream hose is removed, and the measuring precision is improved;
3. through the designed experimental method, the tested rock core can be ensured to be completely saturated by single-phase liquid;
4. the experimental device is simple in overall structure, easy to manufacture and maintain and low in manufacturing and maintaining cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring permeability of a low permeability core;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an inlet end pressure cap (outlet end pressure cap);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of one side of a flow distribution plate contacting with the end face of a tested core;
in the figure: 1. the inlet end presses the cap, 2, the outlet end presses the cap, 3, the rock core that is surveyed, 4, the solidification gum cover, 5, first tee bend, 6, first valve, 7, the carbon dioxide gas cylinder, 8, the second valve, 9, the silicone tube, 10, the glass funnel, 11, the liquid level, 12, first scale, 13, the second tee bend, 14, the third valve, 15, the vacuum pump, 16, the fourth valve, 17, polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, 18, the second scale, 19, press the cap shell, 20, the flow distribution plate, 21, press the cap export, 22, the flow distribution plate recess, 23, flow distribution plate water conservancy diversion hole, 24, the flow distribution plate is protruding.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the apparatus for measuring permeability of a low permeability core includes: cap 1 is pressed to the entry end, exit end pressure cap 2, solidification gum cover 4, carbon dioxide gas cylinder 7, glass funnel 10, first scale 12, vacuum pump 15, polytetrafluoroethylene pipe 17, second scale 18, wherein:
the measured rock core 3 is a cylinder with two smooth end surfaces and the diameter of the cylinder is 2.5 cm; the inlet end pressing cap 1 and the outlet end pressing cap 2 are identical in structure and size, the outer diameter is 2.5cm and is identical to the diameter of the tested rock core 3; the cap 1 is pressed to the entry end and the both ends face that the cap 2 presss from both sides tightly to be surveyed rock core 3 is pressed to the exit end, measures 3 level settings of rock core, and the cap 2 is pressed to the entry end that solidification gum cover 4 will press from both sides after pressing from both sides tightly, measures 3 edges of rock core and hoop seal.
The inlet end pressing cap 1 and the outlet end pressing cap 2 are formed by fixedly connecting a pressing cap shell 19 and a splitter plate 20, one side of the splitter plate 20, which is in contact with the tested rock core 3, is provided with a groove 22 along the radial direction and the circumferential direction, the width of the groove 22 is 2-3 mm, the depth of the groove is 1-2 mm, a flow guide hole 23 is arranged in the groove 22, the diameter of the flow guide hole 23 is 2mm, and the splitter plate 20 enables a certain distance to exist between the tested rock core 3 and the flow guide hole 23 through a bulge 24, so that fluid can uniformly flow in or out along the end face of the tested rock core; a cavity with the thickness of 1-2 mm is formed by the side, opposite to the tested rock core, of the flow distribution plate 20 and the pressing cap shell 20, so that fluid can uniformly pass through the flow distribution plate 20 along the flow guide holes 23, and the dead volume is reduced as much as possible; the center of the press cap housing 20 is provided with an outlet 21 for inflow or outflow of fluid.
Three ports of the first tee joint 5 are respectively connected with an outlet 21 of the inlet end pressing cap 1, a carbon dioxide gas bottle 7 and a glass funnel 10 through pipelines, the pipeline connecting the first tee joint 5 with the outlet 21 of the inlet end pressing cap 1 is horizontally arranged, a first valve 6 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the first tee joint 5 with the carbon dioxide gas bottle 7, the pipeline connecting the first tee joint 5 with the glass funnel 10 is a silicone tube 9, and a second valve 8 is arranged on the silicone tube 9; glass funnel 10 is vertical to be placed, and one side of glass funnel 10 is vertical to be equipped with first scale 12, and the lower extreme of first scale 12 is equal to the center of entry end pressure cap 1 (be the export center of entry end pressure cap promptly), and scale 12 is used for measuring the liquid column height of applying at the rock core upper reaches that is measured, the upstream pressure value promptly.
Three ports of the second tee joint 13 are respectively connected with an outlet 21 of the outlet end pressure cap 2, a vacuum pump 15 and a polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 through pipelines; a third valve 14 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the second tee joint 13 with the vacuum pump 15; a fourth valve 16 is arranged on a pipeline of the second tee joint 14 connected with the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17, the inner diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 is 1mm, the length of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 is 1-2 m, the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 is horizontally fixed and is on the same horizontal line with the axis of the tested rock core 3, a second scale 18 is arranged on one side of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 in parallel, and the initial scale of the second scale 18 is aligned with the outlet of the fourth valve 16 and used for measuring the moving distance of the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17.
Clamping a tested rock core 3 by using an inlet end pressing cap 1 and an outlet end pressing cap 2, uniformly stirring and blending epoxy resin and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to prepare curing glue, uniformly coating a layer of curing glue with the thickness of 1mm on the peripheries of the clamped inlet end pressing cap 1, the clamped outlet end pressing cap 2 and the tested rock core 3, standing for 6 hours, wherein the curing glue can play a role in sealing the tested rock core and simultaneously prevent the curing glue from being absorbed into the tested rock core due to the action of capillary force; after the curing agent is cured, curing glue is continuously and uniformly coated until the thickness of the curing glue is 3-5 mm, so that high-strength sealing protection is formed around the tested core, and the tested core can bear certain pressure; and standing the inlet end pressing cap 1, the outlet end pressing cap 2 and the tested core 3 coated with the curing agent until the curing glue is completely solidified to form a curing glue sleeve 4, and horizontally placing the solidified tested core.
The method for measuring the permeability of the low-permeability core adopts the device for measuring the permeability of the low-permeability core, and comprises the following steps:
(1) closing the first valve 6, the second valve 8 and the fourth valve 16, opening the third valve 14, and performing first vacuumizing treatment on the tested rock core 3 by using a vacuum pump 15;
(2) after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing the third valve 14, opening the first valve 6, and saturating the carbon dioxide in the tested rock core 3 through the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 7;
(3) after 10-20 minutes of saturation, closing the first valve 6, opening the three valves 14, vacuumizing the tested rock core 3 again, and closing the third valve 14 after vacuumizing is completed; the operation can ensure higher vacuum degree, even if a small amount of CO2 exists, the liquid entering the tested core subsequently can be dissolved and flows out of the tested core along with the flow, and the tested core is ensured to be completely saturated by single-phase liquid;
(4) preparing a NaCl solution with the mineralization degree of 1% by using distilled water, then heating the prepared NaCl solution to reduce air dissolved in the NaCl solution, and simultaneously reducing the problem that the clay mineral in the tested rock core expands when meeting water to influence the permeability, then pouring the treated NaCl solution into a glass funnel 10, opening a valve 8, saturating the tested rock core 3 by adopting a vacuum self-absorption method, wherein after 4-6 hours, the liquid level 11 in the glass funnel 10 is not reduced, and the tested rock core 3 is completely saturated;
(5) adding a certain amount of NaCl solution into the glass funnel 10 to enable the liquid level 11 to be positioned at the middle upper part of the glass funnel 10, and measuring the height h (cm) of the liquid level 11 in the glass funnel 10 through a first scale 12;
(6) opening a fourth valve 16, measuring the moving distance S (mm) of the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 through a second scale 18 after the liquid flows into the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 17 through the fourth valve 16, recording the used time t (S), and paying attention to supplement NaCl solution into the glass funnel 10 in real time in the process of carrying out the flow experiment to keep the position of the liquid level 11 unchanged;
(7) and calculating the permeability k of the tested core:
wherein,
Δp＝Δph-(Δp1+Δp2) (3)
Δph＝10-4ρgh (4)
in the formula: k-permeability of the tested core, μm2；
Mu-viscosity of NaCl solution, mPa.s;
flow rate of Q-NaCl solution in the core to be tested, cm3/s；
L is the length of the tested core, cm;
pi-the circumference ratio;
d, measuring the diameter of the core in cm;
Δ p-flow pressure differential across the core being tested, 10-1MPa；
d2-inner diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, mm;
s represents the moving distance of the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, namely mm;
t is the time S for moving the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube;
Δphtotal pressure generated by the upstream column of liquid, 10-1MPa；
Δp1Pressure drop losses in silicone tubes, 10-1MPa；
Δp2Pressure drop loss in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes, 10-1MPa；
rho-NaCl solution density, g/cm3；
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
h is the height of the liquid level, cm;
l1-length of silicone tube, cm;
d1inner diameter of silicone tube, mm.
Claims (2)
1. An apparatus to measure permeability of a low permeability core, comprising: cap, exit end pressure cap, solidification gum cover, carbon dioxide gas cylinder, glass funnel, first scale, vacuum pump, polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, second scale are pressed to the entry end, its characterized in that: the inlet end pressing cap and the outlet end pressing cap clamp two end faces of the tested rock core, and the tested rock core is horizontally arranged; three ports of the first tee joint are respectively connected with an outlet of the inlet end pressure cap, the carbon dioxide gas cylinder and the glass funnel through pipelines, the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the outlet of the inlet end pressure cap is horizontally arranged, a first valve is arranged on the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the carbon dioxide gas cylinder, the pipeline of the first tee joint connected with the glass funnel is a silicone tube, and a second valve is arranged on the silicone tube; the glass funnel is vertically placed, a first scale is vertically arranged on one side of the glass funnel, and the lower end of the first scale is level with the center of the inlet end pressing cap; three ports of the second tee joint are respectively connected with an outlet of the outlet end pressure cap, a vacuum pump and a polytetrafluoroethylene tube through pipelines; a third valve is arranged on a pipeline of the second tee joint connected with the vacuum pump; a fourth valve is arranged on a pipeline of the second tee joint connected with the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, the inner diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is 1mm, the length of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is 1-2 m, the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is horizontally fixed and is on the same horizontal line with the axis of the tested core, and a second scale is arranged on one side of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube in parallel;
the inlet end pressing cap and the outlet end pressing cap are formed by fixedly connecting a pressing cap shell and a splitter plate, one side of the splitter plate, which is in contact with the tested rock core, is provided with a groove along the radial direction and the annular direction, the width of the groove is 2-3 mm, the depth of the groove is 1-2 mm, a flow guide hole is arranged in the groove, the diameter of the flow guide hole is 2mm, one side of the splitter plate, which is opposite to the tested rock core, and the pressing cap shell form a cavity with the thickness of 1-2 mm, and an outlet is formed in the center of the;
the measured core is a cylinder with two smooth end surfaces and the diameter of the cylinder is 2.5 cm; the inlet end pressure cap and the outlet end pressure cap are identical in structure and size, and the outer diameter is 2.5 cm.
2. The method for measuring the permeability of the low-permeability core adopts the device for measuring the permeability of the low-permeability core, which comprises the following steps:
(1) closing the first valve, the second valve and the fourth valve, opening the third valve, and performing first vacuumizing treatment on the tested rock core by using a vacuum pump;
(2) after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing the third valve, opening the first valve, and saturating the carbon dioxide in the tested rock core through a carbon dioxide gas cylinder;
(3) after the core is saturated for 10-20 minutes, closing the first valve, opening the three valves, vacuumizing the tested core again, and closing the third valve after vacuumizing is completed;
(4) preparing a NaCl solution with the mineralization degree of 1% by using distilled water, then heating the prepared NaCl solution, then pouring the treated NaCl solution into a glass funnel, opening a valve, saturating the tested rock core by adopting a vacuum self-suction method, and after 4-6 hours, stopping reducing the liquid level in the glass funnel, and finishing the saturation of the tested rock core;
(5) adding a NaCl solution into the glass funnel to enable the liquid level to be positioned at the middle upper part of the glass funnel, and measuring the height h of the liquid level in the glass funnel through a first scale;
(6) opening a fourth valve, measuring the moving distance S of the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube through a second scale after the liquid flows into the polytetrafluoroethylene tube through the fourth valve, and recording the used time t; in the process of carrying out the flow experiment, a NaCl solution is supplemented into the glass funnel in real time, and the position of the liquid level is kept unchanged;
(7) and calculating the permeability k of the tested core:
<mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&pi;d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein,
Δp＝Δph-(Δp1+Δp2) (3)
Δph＝10-4ρgh (4)
<mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;p</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>128</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Q&mu;l</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&pi;d</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
<mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>64</mn> <mo>&times;</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>&mu;</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>&pi;d</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
in the formula: k-permeability of the tested core, μm2；
Mu-viscosity of NaCl solution, mPa.s;
flow rate of Q-NaCl solution in the core to be tested, cm3/s；
L is the length of the tested core, cm;
pi-the circumference ratio;
d, measuring the diameter of the core in cm;
Δ p-flow pressure differential across the core being tested, 10-1MPa；
d2-inner diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, mm;
s represents the moving distance of the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, namely mm;
t is the time S for moving the liquid level in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube;
Δphtotal pressure generated by the upstream column of liquid, 10-1MPa；
Δp1Pressure drop losses in silicone tubes, 10-1MPa；
Δp2Pressure drop loss in polytetrafluoroethylene tubes, 10-1MPa；
rho-NaCl solution density, g/cm3；
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
h is the height of the liquid level, cm;
l1-length of silicone tube, cm;
d1inner diameter of silicone tube, mm.
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