CN104990530A - Method for measuring needle leaf area - Google Patents
Method for measuring needle leaf area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990530A CN104990530A CN201510362793.6A CN201510362793A CN104990530A CN 104990530 A CN104990530 A CN 104990530A CN 201510362793 A CN201510362793 A CN 201510362793A CN 104990530 A CN104990530 A CN 104990530A
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- needle
- girth
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- section
- surface area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/28—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring areas
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the needle leaf area, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) measuring the needle leaf length; 2) making a cross section slice of the central part of a needle leaf, so as to measure the girth of the needle leaf; 3) calculating the product of the length of the needle leaf with the girth of the needle leaf, i.e., obtaining the surface area of the needle leaf. The method can be used for measuring the surface area of the needle leaf of plant, especially the surface areas of needle leaves of Picea plants. The method is convenient, quick, and relatively precise, and is used for collecting base data of production and scientific research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botany field, be specifically related to a kind of method measuring needle surface area.
Background technology
The assay method of leaf area is more, but less to the method that the mensuration of needle surface area is suitable, and this is because needle is not regular geometric body, is difficult to measure its surface area.Especially the needle of Picea (Picea) plant is less, and needle surface mostly has been corner angle, projection and depression, and in irregular geometry shape, needle surface area is difficult to measure, mensuration way also ununified at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to the surface area of energy Accurate Determining needle, the invention provides a kind of method measuring needle surface area.
The square ratio juris that the present invention measures needle surface area is as follows:
Needle is regarded as the cylinder of an irregular shape, the unfolded surface of this irregular shape cylinder, namely form an approximate rectangle, so only require to obtain rectangular two length of sides, both can obtain the surface area of needle.
A kind of method measuring needle surface area provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
1) needle length L is measured;
2) make the cross-sectional slice in the middle part of needle, with mensuration needle girth C;
3) calculate the product of needle length L and needle girth C, namely obtain needle surface area S.
Wherein, described needle, refers to the needle of spruce.
Wherein, step 1) described mensuration needle length L, measuring accuracy is 0.01cm.
Wherein, step 1) described mensuration needle length L, preferably measure with vernier caliper, more preferably measure with electronic cursor slide calliper rule.
Wherein, described mensuration needle length L, appropriateness of exerting oneself, needle can't be made to bend, be out of shape, requirement can not measure the transparent needle point in needle front end and needle rear end petiole.
Wherein, step 2) described section is free-hand section, several thin slice is cut consistently rapidly in the middle part of needle, putting into water makes each thin slice separated from one another, dips thin and complete thin slice 4-5 and is placed on microslide, covered after dripping, bubble is not had under ensureing cover glass, and thin slice is separated from one another, dip in dry excessive moisture, obtained section.
Wherein, step 2) described mensuration needle girth C, it is:
Square section electron micrograph in shooting section, obtains square section girth with LAS V4.2 software process square section electron micrograph, is needle girth C.
Wherein, described shooting section upper square section electron micrograph, concrete steps are as follows:
Electron microscope is connected with the computer that LAS V4.2 software is housed, observe section, after finding target under 5 times of object lens, regulate object lens to 10 times, regulate microspur to make target high-visible, select the upper most complete square section of section, gather image and obtain square section electron micrograph.If fail to lay down whole needle square section in a photo, the photo of two multiplicities more than 1/3 can be gathered, utilize and merge photo instrument, synthesize a complete square section electron micrograph.
Wherein, described with LAS V4.2 software process square section electron micrograph, concrete steps are as follows:
The computing machine being provided with LAS V4.2 software is browsed square section electron micrograph, click handling implement hurdle Set scale chi, under region the Line tool of survey instrument-region in analysis toolbar-free Freehandhand-drawing, closed curve is drawn along cross section edge, namely girth is presented on photo, export as square section girth, namely obtain needle girth C.
Wherein, described electron microscope is preferably LEICA DM6000B electron microscope.
A kind of method measuring needle surface area provided by the invention, also comprise the sampling of needle, concrete steps are as follows: the south orientation primary lateral branches chosen on healthy plant is cut, less than 0 DEG C Cord blood or be immersed in the water preservation, cut from root by complete needle in the middle part of side shoot during mensuration, the needle root cut is not with petiole.
A kind of method measuring needle surface area provided by the invention, also comprises and measures many pieces of needle surface areas, averages as the constant of the needle surface area of whole branch or complete stool.Described many pieces is more than 10 pieces (containing), is preferably more than 100 pieces (containing).
The present invention also provides the application of the method for described mensuration needle surface area in Forestry Data gathers.Described Forestry Data gathers the long-pending data acquisition of pointer leaf surface.
Advantage provided by the invention is:
The method needle length L that the present invention measures needle surface area is multiplied by needle girth C, has just tried to achieve the surface area S of single piece of needle, measures needle surface area in this way, simply, is easy to operation.When trying to achieve the surface area of many pieces of (such as 100 pieces) needles in order to upper method, using the mean value of these many pieces of needle surface areas as constant, complete stool or whole branch needle area just can be obtained.Measure plant needle surface area by method of the present invention, especially spruce have easily and fast, more accurate, for produce and scientific research provides the foundation a kind of method of Data Collection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With single-edge blade complete photo cutting needle from side shoot in Fig. 1 embodiment 1.
Electronic cursor slide calliper rule are adopted to measure the photo of needle length in Fig. 2 embodiment 1.
The free-hand photo cutting needle xsect thin slice in Fig. 3 embodiment 1.
The needle cross sectional image of taking under LEICA DM6000B electron microscope in Fig. 4 embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 method of the present invention measures the needle surface area of spruce-European spruce
1, needle sampling
(1) choose the European spruce healthy plant of 10 normal growths, normal growth refers to the growth indexes such as the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground about community average, and needle is complete, refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, not damage.
(2) from the verticillate branch of south orientation top layer of the dragon spruce plant chosen, selecting the normal primary lateral branches shrub and hedge trimmer of needle to cut, for preventing needle dehydration to be out of shape, being kept in the refrigerator of less than 0 DEG C immediately, send into laboratory.The reason of south orientation side shoot is selected to be that generally comparatively north orientation shoot growth is good for south orientation branch.Needle normally refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, and does not damage.
(3) on the side shoot of every plant collection, select 10 pieces of needles as mensuration sample, be specially: adopted side shoot is taken out in refrigerator or water, the moisture on dry branch and needle is stained with filter paper, adopt single-edge blade, in the middle part of side shoot, needle is cut several pieces from root is complete, specifically see Fig. 1, require that the needle root cut is not with petiole.
2, the mensuration of needle length L
The needle cut is selected complete, undamaged, is laid on desktop or fixing blank sheet of paper, adopts electronic cursor slide calliper rule to measure needles Leaves in Picea length, specifically sees Fig. 2.Measuring accuracy 0.01cm, repeats for 3 times.To exert oneself when measuring needle length appropriateness, can't make that needle is bending, distortion, affect accuracy of measurement.When measuring European spruce needle length, detect by an unaided eye, the transparent needle point of needle root petiole and needle front end can not be measured.
3, the making of needle section
The corresponding needle that will determine needle length L makes section, with single-edge blade from crosscut in the middle part of needle, see Fig. 3, is swift in motion and cuts several thin slice continuously consistently, requires the thin slice that cuts thin and even.Being brought into writing brush by the thin slice cut is equipped with in the double dish of pure water, stir gently with writing brush, make each thin slice separated from one another, with the naked eye choose thin and complete thin slice, dip with writing brush, be placed on gently on microslide, each microslide is placed 4-5 thin slice, pure water is dripped on microslide with rubber dropper, with sharp mouth tweezers clamping cover slide, cover glass one end is first placed on microslide, after slowly straighten downwards to covering completely, without air bubble under guarantee cover glass, and thin slice is separated from each other, around cover glass, dry excessive moisture is dipped in gently with thieving paper, complete the making of European spruce needle cross-sectional slice.
4, the mensuration of needle girth
LEICA DM6000B electron microscope is connected with computer, LASV4.2 software is installed in computer.Section is positioned over observation table top, object lens is adjusted to 5 times, observe section, after finding target, regulate object lens to 10 times, regulate microspur, make target high-visible.Select upper 1-2 the best needle square section of this section and gather image under sampling instrument hurdle, obtain square section electron micrograph.If fail to lay down whole needle square section in a photo, the photo of two multiplicities more than 1/3 can be gathered, utilize and merge photo instrument, synthesize a complete square section electron micrograph.
Browse square section electron micrograph with LAS V4.2 software by storing path, can whether show in picture by Set scale chi in handling implement hurdle; Under region the Line tool of survey instrument-region under analysis toolbar-free Freehandhand-drawing, closed curve is drawn along the cross section edge of needle, namely girth is presented on photo, click and create form button, namely derive excel form and the needle square section girth of this photo (see Fig. 4), namely obtain needle girth C.
5, the calculating of needle surface area S
Calculate the product of needle length L and needle girth C, namely obtain needle surface area S.
The surface area test value of European spruce 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needles that table 1 records for employing said method.
Table 1 European spruce 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needle surface area test values
Embodiment 2 method of the present invention measures the needle surface area of spruce-thickleaf spruce
1, needle sampling
(1) choose the thickleaf spruce healthy plant of 10 normal growths, normal growth refers to the growth indexes such as the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground about community average, and needle is complete, refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, not damage.
(2) from the verticillate branch of south orientation top layer of the dragon spruce plant chosen, selecting the normal primary lateral branches shrub and hedge trimmer of needle to cut, for preventing needle dehydration to be out of shape, being immersed in water immediately, send into laboratory.The reason of south orientation side shoot is selected to be that generally comparatively north orientation shoot growth is good for south orientation branch.Needle normally refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, and does not damage.
(3) on the side shoot of every plant collection, select 10 pieces of needles as mensuration sample, be specially: adopted side shoot is taken out in refrigerator or water, the moisture on dry branch and needle is stained with filter paper, adopt single-edge blade, in the middle part of side shoot, needle is cut several pieces from root is complete, require that the needle root cut is not with petiole.
2, the mensuration of needle length L
The needle cut is selected complete, undamaged, is laid on desktop or fixing blank sheet of paper, adopts electronic cursor slide calliper rule to measure needles Leaves in Picea length.Measuring accuracy 0.01cm, repeats for 3 times.To exert oneself when measuring needle length appropriateness, can't make that needle is bending, distortion, affect accuracy of measurement.When measuring thickleaf spruce needle length, detect by an unaided eye, the transparent needle point of needle root petiole and needle front end can not be measured.
3, the making of needle section
The corresponding needle that will determine needle length L makes section, with single-edge blade from crosscut in the middle part of needle, is swift in motion and cuts several thin slice continuously consistently, requires the thin slice that cuts thin and even.Being brought into writing brush by the thin slice cut is equipped with in the double dish of pure water, stir gently with writing brush, make each thin slice separated from one another, with the naked eye choose thin and complete thin slice, dip with writing brush, be placed on gently on microslide, each microslide is placed 4-5 thin slice, pure water is dripped on microslide with rubber dropper, with sharp mouth tweezers clamping cover slide, cover glass one end is first placed on microslide, after slowly straighten downwards to covering completely, without air bubble under guarantee cover glass, and thin slice is separated from each other, around cover glass, dry excessive moisture is dipped in gently with thieving paper, complete the making of thickleaf spruce needle cross-sectional slice.
4, the mensuration of needle girth
LEICA DM6000B electron microscope is connected with computer, LASV4.2 software is installed in computer.Section is positioned over observation table top, object lens is adjusted to 5 times, observe section, after finding target, regulate object lens to 10 times, regulate microspur, make target high-visible.Select upper 1-2 the best needle square section of this section and gather image under sampling instrument hurdle, obtain square section electron micrograph.If fail to lay down whole needle square section in a photo, the photo of two multiplicities more than 1/3 can be gathered, utilize and merge photo instrument, synthesize a complete square section electron micrograph.
Browse square section electron micrograph with LAS V4.2 software by storing path, can whether show in picture by Set scale chi in handling implement hurdle; Under region the Line tool of survey instrument-region under analysis toolbar-free Freehandhand-drawing, closed curve is drawn along the cross section edge of needle, namely girth is presented on photo, click and create form button, namely derive excel form and the needle square section girth of this photo, namely obtain needle girth C.
5, the calculating of needle surface area S
Calculate the product of needle length L and needle girth C, namely obtain needle surface area S.
The surface area test value of thickleaf spruce 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needles that table 2 records for employing said method.
Table 2 thickleaf spruce 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needle surface area test values
Embodiment 3 method of the present invention measures the needle surface area of spruce-Picea koraiensis Nakai
1, needle sampling
(1) choose the Picea koraiensis Nakai healthy plant of 10 normal growths, normal growth refers to the growth indexes such as the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground about community average, and needle is complete, refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, not damage.
(2) from the verticillate branch of south orientation top layer of the dragon spruce plant chosen, selecting the normal primary lateral branches shrub and hedge trimmer of needle to cut, for preventing needle dehydration to be out of shape, need be kept at immediately in the refrigerator of less than 0 DEG C, send into laboratory.The reason of south orientation side shoot is selected to be that generally comparatively north orientation shoot growth is good for south orientation branch.Needle normally refers to that colour of needle is normal, it is normal to grow, and does not damage.
(3) on the side shoot of every plant collection, select 10 pieces of needles as mensuration sample, be specially: adopted side shoot is taken out in refrigerator or water, the moisture on dry branch and needle is stained with filter paper, adopt single-edge blade, in the middle part of side shoot, needle is cut several pieces from root is complete, require that the needle root cut is not with petiole.
2, the mensuration of needle length L
The needle cut is selected complete, undamaged, is laid on desktop or fixing blank sheet of paper, adopts electronic cursor slide calliper rule to measure needles Leaves in Picea length, measuring accuracy 0.01cm, repeats for 3 times.To exert oneself when measuring needle length appropriateness, can't make that needle is bending, distortion, affect accuracy of measurement.When measuring thickleaf spruce needle length, detect by an unaided eye, the transparent needle point of needle root petiole and needle front end can not be measured.
3, the making of needle section
The corresponding needle that will determine needle length L makes section, with single-edge blade from crosscut in the middle part of needle, is swift in motion and cuts several thin slice continuously consistently, requires the thin slice that cuts thin and even.Being brought into writing brush by the thin slice cut is equipped with in the double dish of pure water, stir gently with writing brush, make each thin slice separated from one another, with the naked eye choose thin and complete thin slice, dip with writing brush, be placed on gently on microslide, each microslide is placed 4-5 thin slice, pure water is dripped on microslide with rubber dropper, with sharp mouth tweezers clamping cover slide, cover glass one end is first placed on microslide, after slowly straighten downwards to covering completely, without air bubble under guarantee cover glass, and thin slice is separated from each other, around cover glass, dry excessive moisture is dipped in gently with thieving paper, complete the making of Picea koraiensis Nakai needle cross-sectional slice.
4, the mensuration of needle girth
LEICA DM6000B electron microscope is connected with computer, LASV4.2 software is installed in computer.Section is positioned over observation table top, object lens is adjusted to 5 times, observe section, after finding target, regulate object lens to 10 times, regulate microspur, make target high-visible.Select upper 1-2 the best needle square section of this section and gather image under sampling instrument hurdle, obtain square section electron micrograph.If fail to lay down whole needle square section in a photo, the photo of two multiplicities more than 1/3 can be gathered, utilize and merge photo instrument, synthesize a complete square section electron micrograph.
Browse square section electron micrograph with LAS V4.2 software by storing path, can whether show in picture by Set scale chi in handling implement hurdle; Under region the Line tool of survey instrument-region under analysis toolbar-free Freehandhand-drawing, closed curve is drawn along the cross section edge of needle, namely girth is presented on photo, click and create form button, namely derive excel form and the needle square section girth of this photo, namely obtain needle girth C.
5, the calculating of needle surface area S
Calculate the product of needle length L and needle girth C, namely obtain needle surface area S.
The surface area test value of Picea koraiensis Nakai 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needles that table 3 records for employing said method.
Table 3 Picea koraiensis Nakai 10 individual plants 100 pieces of needle surface area test values
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. measure a method for needle surface area, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) needle length L is measured;
2) make the cross-sectional slice in the middle part of needle, with mensuration needle girth C;
3) calculate the product of needle length L and needle girth C, namely obtain needle surface area S.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described needle refers to the needle of spruce.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1) described mensuration needle length L, measuring accuracy is 0.01cm.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step 1) described mensuration needle length L, measure with vernier caliper or electronic cursor slide calliper rule.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) described mensuration needle girth C, it is:
Square section electron micrograph in shooting section, obtains square section girth with LAS V4.2 software process square section electron micrograph, is needle girth C.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described shooting section upper square section electron micrograph, and concrete steps are as follows:
Electron microscope is connected with the computer that LAS V4.2 software is housed, observe section, after finding target under 5 times of object lens, regulate object lens to 10 times, regulate microspur to make target high-visible, select the upper most complete square section of section, gather image and obtain square section electron micrograph.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described with LAS V4.2 software process square section electron micrograph, concrete steps are as follows:
The computing machine being provided with LAS V4.2 software is browsed square section electron micrograph, click handling implement hurdle Set scale chi, under region the Line tool of survey instrument-region in analysis toolbar-free Freehandhand-drawing, closed curve is drawn along cross section edge, namely girth is presented on photo, export as square section girth, namely obtain needle girth C.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the sampling of needle, concrete steps are as follows: the south orientation primary lateral branches chosen on healthy plant is cut, less than 0 DEG C Cord blood or be immersed in the water preservation, cut from root by complete needle in the middle part of side shoot during mensuration, the needle root cut is not with petiole.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and measures many pieces of needle surface areas, averages as the constant of the needle surface area of whole branch or complete stool.
10. the application of method described in any one of claim 1-9 in Forestry Data gathers.
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| CN102967497A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-13 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for observing in a plant blade microstructure in an oriented manner by treating blade |
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2015
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| CN1651861A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-10 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring blade of broadleaf plant |
| CN102645444A (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2012-08-22 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Method for quantificationally characterizing cell shape features of flue-cured tobacco leaves by utilizing Photoshop software |
| CN102967497A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-13 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for observing in a plant blade microstructure in an oriented manner by treating blade |
| CN103791861A (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2014-05-14 | 黑龙江省森林与环境科学研究院 | Plant leaf area lossless measuring method |
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