CN104990164B - 太阳能除湿装置 - Google Patents

太阳能除湿装置 Download PDF

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CN104990164B
CN104990164B CN201510483667.6A CN201510483667A CN104990164B CN 104990164 B CN104990164 B CN 104990164B CN 201510483667 A CN201510483667 A CN 201510483667A CN 104990164 B CN104990164 B CN 104990164B
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CN104990164A (zh
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田志超
石邢
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Southeast University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1429Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant alternatively operating a heat exchanger in an absorbing/adsorbing mode and a heat exchanger in a regeneration mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators

Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能除湿装置,包括进风段、除湿段以及出风段,在进风段的入口连接有一风机,除湿段包括两个以上平行布置的集热除湿箱,该集热除湿箱包括具有透光板的箱体,箱体的两端分别为进风口和出风口,在箱体内设置有吸附床和加热装置,在透光板外还设置有挡光装置;在除湿段和出风段之间设置有一空气分流装置,该空气分流装置包括一排风管和一与该排风管连接的移动机构,在排风管内设置有风阀;移动机构使排风管与部分集热除湿箱的出风口连接。

Description

太阳能除湿装置
技术领域
太阳能除湿供暖一体机是一种将转轮除湿机平板化,用太阳辐射能直接对吸附剂进行再生,又能集热供暖的装置,属于暖通空调领域设备。
背景技术
随着中国城市化进程发展,建筑耗能不断增加,中国城镇民用建筑耗电占我国总发电量的22%~24%,在公共建筑中空调用电占总用电量的50%~60%。随着我国生活水平的提升,住宅用电量也在不断升高。如何提升空调的效率是研究空调的一个重要的方向。
为了维持室内的良好的环境,必须向室内通入一定量的新风。在夏季新风负荷占空调的重负荷大约为25%~30%。夏季空调新风负荷中分为两部分,一部分为降低空气温度的负荷,另外一部分为除湿负荷即潜热负荷。在热湿地区,如广州,空调的夏季新风冷负荷中潜热负荷超过80%,在夏热冬冷地区占的比例也超过40%。现在空调常采用的是冷却除湿的方式,即将空气通过低于空气露点温度的设备表面,使水蒸气冷凝除湿,这时要求制冷机蒸发器的温度要低于空气露点温度,这降低了制冷机的EER,如果处理空气时制冷机只用于降低空气温度,采用其他设备单独除去空气中的水分,制冷机的EER可提高,从而提高空调的效率。可见,如何有效地除湿是十分有意义的研究。
吸附剂除湿是除湿的一种重要方法,其中动态吸附除湿相比与静态吸附除湿有很多优势。动态吸附除湿由吸附过程和再生过程组成,再生方式中加热再生是一种常用的再生方式。传统上加热再生需要消耗较高的能量,如果采用太阳能加热装置和热回收装置能够降低能耗,但系统复杂,投资较大。以暖通空调上常采用的转轮除湿机为例,一套完整的设备需要两台风机,一台电动机(驱动转轮),一个再生加热器(如太阳能集热器)或冷凝器,一个全热交换器和一个除湿转轮。转轮除湿机现在被广泛地应用证明其具有很多优点,比如其除湿部分和再生部分比例近似为3:1,除湿区和再生区可以连续低切换,但也有一切缺点,如转轮除湿机的再生热风和处理的空气的流向相反,还不能完全消除再生时吸附剂吸收的热量带到除湿区。传统上加热再生吸附剂的方法是用太阳能加热空气,热空气再通过吸附剂,从而实现再生,这需要不断地加热流动的空气,虽然采用热回收,热量损失依然较大。如果仅加热除湿剂周围的空气到较高的温度,吸附剂完全可以解析,空气也能含有较多的水蒸汽。吸附式制冷系统中的吸附床是一种以吸附剂作为吸热体的装置,在白天可以吸收太阳光,温度升高后吸附剂就开始解析,这一技术运用到了本发明中去。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术存在的不足,而提供一种能耗低、除湿效果好的除湿和再生同步且分离的太阳能除湿装置。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种太阳能除湿装置,包括进风段、除湿段以及出风段,在进风段的入口连接有一风机,其特征在于:所述除湿段包括两个以上平行布置的集热除湿箱,该集热除湿箱包括具有透光板的箱体,箱体的两端分别为进风口和出风口,在所述箱体内设置有吸附床和加热装置,在所述透光板外还设置有一使所述透光板处于透光和不透光两种工作状态的挡光装置;在所述除湿段和出风段之间设置有一空气分流装置,该空气分流装置包括一排风管和一与该排风管连接的移动机构,在所述排风管内设置有风阀;所述移动机构使所述排风管与部分集热除湿箱的出风口连接,所述集热除湿箱的档光装置在该集热除湿箱的出风口与所述排风管连通时使所述透光板处于透光状态。
所述档光装置为电动卷帘。
所述透光板为玻璃盖板。
所述移动机构包括传动器以及滑动导轨,所述排风管的管口与所述传动器连接并设置在所述导轨上。
在所述排风口的管口设置有一分流接口,所述传动器连接在该分流接口上。
所述传动器为液压传动器。
在需要除湿的时候,档光装置遮住透光板,风机驱动空气进入到除湿箱体内进行吸附除湿过程;如传感器检查到本箱体内除湿机吸附量已达到规定值,停止通入空气,在有阳光时打开透光板吸收太阳光,箱体内温度升高,吸附剂再生;如没有阳光,档光装置遮住透光板,开启箱体内的电加热装置,箱体内温度升高,吸附剂再生。
在需要采暖的冬季晴朗的白天,透光板吸收太阳光,电机驱动空气流经箱体,箱体内的吸附剂吸收阳光温度升高加热空气,最终达到加热空气的目的。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明将除湿和太阳能集热融为一体,本发明中的箱体具有两种模式:除湿模式和再生模式,通过切换模式能够省去传统转轮除湿机的集热部分,如太阳能集热器。本装置的排风接口通过滑动和箱体进行连接,这样再生的余热可直接排到室外,而不是重新回到室内送风的空气中。箱体卷帘上的电动机为间歇运行,相比于转轮除湿机上持续运转的电机更加节能。达到相同的目的,本发明所需的部件少于传统的除湿机。采用吸附剂制作在平板上相比于做成圆环状,便于生产制造。同时本发明再生时采用通风将吸附剂的蓄热排除,传统转轮除湿会将这部分热量传递给需要处理的空气。
附图说明
图1 集热除湿单一箱体示意图;
图2 图1中A-A剖面图;
图 3 太阳能除湿供暖一体机示意图;
图 4 为图3的B-B剖面图;
图中标注出的各组成部分为:
1 - 电动卷帘;2 - 玻璃盖;3 -吸附床;4 - 进风口;5 - 保温层;6 - 出风口;7- 加热装置;8 - 风机;9 - 风管;10 -集热除湿箱;11 -风管;12 -风管;13 -排风管;14 -温度传感器;15 -湿度传感器;16 -空气分流装置;17 -液压传动器;18 -软接管;19 -分流接口;20 -滑动凹槽;21 –滚动钢珠;22 -密封条;23 -滑动导轨;24 -风阀。
具体实施方式
如图1和2 所示,本发明的集热除湿箱10包括透光的吸附床3,安装在箱体内部;箱体的中间的加热装置7;箱体上有进风口4和出风口6;箱体四周的保温层5,其内表面贴涂反光材料;箱体盖为玻璃盖2;箱体上有电动卷帘1。电动卷帘1位于箱体表面上部,根据装置是否需要吸收太阳光决定落下卷帘或升起卷帘;玻璃盖2在箱体的面上,当表面有阳光时可以透过玻璃盖2。吸附床3在箱体的内部,当温度不高时可以吸附水蒸汽,在箱体内温度较高时可以再生。箱体的底部和周围为保温层5,其内表面有反光材料,其整体起保温作用。在箱体四周的进风口4和出风口6,保证空气可以流过整个箱体。箱体内还有加热装置7,在需要加热时开启加热装置7进行加热。
本发明的整体如图3所示,包括风机8,风管9,集热除湿箱10,风管11,风管12,排风管13、温度传感器14和湿度传感器15,空气分流装置16,液压传动器17,软接管18,分流接口19,滑动凹槽20。风机8开启时驱动空气流过整个装置。风管9将空气疏导到集热除湿箱10(a、b、c、d)。箱体10为多个箱体排在一起,本图中为4个(a、b、c、d)。风管11将空气导入到空气分流装置16中进一步处理。风管12内流经的是处理过后的空气。排风口13为处于再生状态箱体的排风口,当某一箱体内的吸附剂再生后,将连接到排风口13将余热余湿排出。温度传感器14和湿度传感器15能够测量处理前后空气的温湿度状态,根据所测空气的温湿度状态来决定箱体是进行再生过程还是除湿过程。
本发明的空气分流装置16的如图4,包括液压传动器17,软管18,分流接口19,滑动凹槽20,滚动钢珠21,密封条22,由滑动凹槽20和滚动钢珠21组成滑动导轨23以及风阀24。液压传动器17能够通过其伸缩杆驱动分流接口19在滑动导轨23上运动,风阀24和分流接口19是一体的,分流接口19可以在滑动导轨23上运动。
本发明的工作原理如下:在晴朗的夏季本发明在进行除湿过程时进行周期性过程,即每个箱体进行交替的除湿和再生两个工况。再生周期又分为两个阶段,加热再生阶段和通风降温阶段。举例在一个周期内如a号箱体处于在生工况,而b、c、d三个箱体处于除湿工况,切换工况,液压传动器17驱动分流接口19向右运动和d箱体相连接,风阀24关闭,d箱体上的电动卷帘1卷起卷帘,d箱体在阳光照射下处于加热再生阶段,若太阳辐射不足够开启加热装置7,当d箱体内除湿完成后开启风阀将废热余湿排除设备,此时a、b、c处于除湿工况,a、b、c上的卷帘1处于放下状态,之后液压传动器17驱动分流接口19向左移动使分流接口19和箱体d的出口相连通。后c箱体重复d箱体内进行的过程,形成d→c→b→a→d这样的循环过程。
在需供暖的冬季,液压传动器17驱动分流接口19移动到最左部,a、b、c、d四个箱体的出口全部和风管12相连通,分流接口19处于闭路状态,箱体a、b、c、d上的电动卷帘1处于卷起状态,箱体a、b、c、d在阳光的作用下加热流过的空气。

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能除湿装置,包括进风段、除湿段以及出风段,在进风段的入口连接有一风机,其特征在于:所述除湿段包括两个以上平行布置的集热除湿箱,该集热除湿箱包括具有透光板的箱体,箱体的两端分别为进风口和出风口,在所述箱体内设置有吸附床和加热装置,在所述透光板外还设置有一使所述透光板处于透光和不透光两种工作状态的挡光装置;在所述除湿段和出风段之间设置有一空气分流装置,该空气分流装置包括一排风管和一与该排风管连接的移动机构,在所述的排风管内设置有风阀;所述移动机构使所述排风管与部分集热除湿箱的出风口连接,所述集热除湿箱的档光装置在该集热除湿箱的出风口与所述排风管连通时使所述透光板处于透光状态;所述档光装置为电动卷帘;所述移动机构包括传动器以及滑动导轨,所述排风管的管口与所述传动器连接并设置在所述滑动导轨上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能除湿装置,其特征在于:所述透光板为玻璃盖板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能除湿装置,其特征在于:在所述排风管的管口设置有一分流接口,所述传动器连接在该分流接口上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能除湿装置,其特征在于:所述传动器为液压传动器。
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