CN104988092A - 一种苏云金芽孢杆菌、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种苏云金芽孢杆菌、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌、制备方法及应用,该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)ML53,于2014年9月24日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014446。本发明的苏云金芽孢杆菌,是从大田中死亡的棉铃虫分离筛选出的对棉铃虫具有防治效果的一株细菌菌株ML53,该菌株对初孵棉铃虫幼虫具有很高的杀虫活性,并能有效阻止棉铃虫幼虫化蛹及羽化,使幼虫发育历期延长,发育缓慢,不能生长为成虫,从而对防治植物棉铃虫虫害具有显著的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物病虫害的生物防治技术领域,具体涉及一种苏云金芽孢杆菌,同时还涉及一种苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)属鳞翅目夜蛾科昆虫的一种,是棉花蕾铃期的一大害虫,广泛分布在中国及世界各地,寄主植物有20多科200余种。棉铃虫是棉花蕾铃期重要钻蛀性害虫,主要蛀食蕾、花、铃,也取食嫩叶。该虫是中国棉区蕾铃期害虫的优势种,近年为害十分猖獗。
棉铃虫成虫白天隐藏在叶背等处,黄昏开始活动,取食花蜜,有趋光性,卵散产于棉株上部。幼虫5~6龄。初龄幼虫取食嫩叶,其后为害蕾、花、铃,多从基部蛀入蕾、铃,在内取食,并能转移为害。受害幼蕾苞叶张开、脱落,被蛀青铃易受污染而腐烂。老熟幼虫吐丝下垂,多数入土作土室化蛹,以蛹越冬。棉铃虫天敌很多,已知有赤眼蜂、姬蜂、寄蝇等寄生性天敌和草蛉、黄蜂、猎蝽等捕食性天敌,及一些细菌、真菌、病毒等可对棉铃虫的卵和幼虫起到抑制作用。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)于1901年首次发现于日本(Lam PH,Boon C S,Yng N Y,et al.Aedes albopictus control with spray application of Bacillusthuringiensis israelensis,strain AM 65-52[J].Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health,2010,41(5):1071-1081),是一种广泛分布于自然界的革兰氏阳性菌(Gobatto V,Giani S G,Camassola M,et al.Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus(Diptera:Culicidae)and Anticarsia gemmatalis(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Braz J Biol,2010,70(4):1039-1046);因其能够产生对多种昆虫具有很强毒性作用的杀虫晶体蛋白,并对人畜无害、对环境无污染(Lopes J,Arantes O M,Cenci M A,et al.Evaluation of a newformulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis[J].Braz J Biol,2010,70(4):1109-1113),而成为全球应用最成功的生物杀虫剂之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可防治植物棉铃虫虫害的苏云金芽孢杆菌。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种苏云金芽孢杆菌在防治植物棉铃虫虫害方面的应用。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种苏云金芽孢杆菌,该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)ML53,于2014年9月24日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014446。
一种上述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
1)对采集自大田的死亡棉铃虫进行分离,得到苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株;
2)以初孵棉铃虫和二龄幼虫为试虫,进行生物活性测试,通过比较初孵棉铃虫死亡率和以二龄幼虫为试虫时棉铃虫的化蛹率、羽化率,筛选得到所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53。
步骤1)中,从死亡棉铃虫中分离苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的方法包括:
a.采集大田中死亡的棉铃虫,在乙醇溶液中浸泡,然后用氯化汞溶液消毒,再用无菌水冲洗后,于灭菌的研钵中研磨,加入无菌水得研磨液原液;
b.取步骤a所得研磨液原液的稀释液,涂布于NA培养基平板上,在30℃下培养,挑取似Bt菌落涂片,用石炭酸复红染色镜检,将检出的Bt菌株划线培养、分离纯化,备用。
所述似Bt菌落的特征为菌落乳白色,不透明,表面粗糙,边缘不整齐。
步骤a中,所述乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积分数为75%;所述氯化汞溶液中氯化汞的质量分数为1%。
步骤a中,在乙醇溶液中浸泡时间为30s;用氯化汞溶液消毒时间为3min。
步骤a中,制备研磨液原液时,加入无菌水的量为:每1头棉铃虫加入2~3ml无菌水。
步骤b中,所述研磨液原液的稀释液的稀释倍数为10~100。
步骤b中,所述NA培养基的配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,琼脂18g,加蒸馏水至1000ml。
步骤2)中,所述生物活性测试的方法包括:
i)将步骤1)所得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株活化培养,离心后用灭菌水悬浮得悬浮液;
ii)将步骤i)所得悬浮液与饲喂棉铃虫的人工饲料混合均匀,得混合饲料;
iii)将初孵棉铃虫接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,饲养6h后,统计死、活虫数量,计算死亡率:
死亡率(%)=死亡虫数/供试虫数×100;
将二龄幼虫接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,饲养至羽化,统计化蛹数和羽化数,计算化蛹率和羽化率:
化蛹率(%)=化蛹虫数/供试虫数×100;
羽化率(%)=羽化虫数/化蛹虫数×100。
步骤i)中,所述活化培养采用NB培养基,配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,加蒸馏水至1000ml。
步骤i)中,所述悬浮液中菌株的浓度为300μg/ml。
步骤ii)中,所述人工饲料的配方为:每500ml人工饲料含有琼脂8g、麦麸70g、干酵母10g、玉米油3ml、山梨酸1g、抗坏血酸1.5g。所述麦麸为无菌麦麸。
人工饲料的制备方法为:将琼脂加水煮沸使琼脂融化,在温度低于90℃后依次加入无菌麦麸、干酵母、玉米油、山梨醇、抗坏血酸,搅拌均匀,定容即得。
步骤ii)中,悬浮液与人工饲料的体积比为1:25。
一种上述的苏云金芽孢杆菌在防治植物棉铃虫虫害方面的应用。
本发明的苏云金芽孢杆菌,是从大田中死亡的棉铃虫分离筛选出的对棉铃虫具有防治效果的一株细菌菌株ML53,该菌株对初孵棉铃虫幼虫具有很高的杀虫活性,并能有效阻止棉铃虫幼虫化蛹及羽化,使幼虫发育历期延长,发育缓慢,不能生长为成虫,从而对防治植物棉铃虫虫害具有显著的效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
具体实施方式中,细菌平板培养用NA培养基,配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,琼脂18g,加蒸馏水至1000ml;液体培养用NB培养基,配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,加蒸馏水至1000ml。
实施例1
本实施例的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
1)菌株分离:对采集自大田的死亡棉铃虫进行分离,得到苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株,具体为:
a.采集大田中死亡的棉铃虫2头,在体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中浸泡30s,然后用质量分数为1%的氯化汞溶液消毒3min,再用无菌水冲洗5次后,于灭菌的研钵中研磨,加入5ml无菌水混合均匀,得研磨液原液;
b.取步骤a所得研磨液原液的100倍稀释液200μl,涂布于NA培养基平板上,在30℃下培养,挑取似Bt菌落(菌落乳白色,不透明,表面粗糙,边缘不整齐)涂片,用石炭酸复红染色镜检,将检出的Bt菌株划线培养、分离纯化,得到苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株4株,分别为ML17、ML23、ML51、ML53,4℃冰箱中保存备用;
2)以初孵棉铃虫和二龄幼虫为试虫,进行生物活性测试,通过比较初孵棉铃虫死亡率和以二龄幼虫为试虫时棉铃虫的化蛹率、羽化率,具体为:
i)将步骤1)所得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株ML17、ML23、ML51、ML53分别用NB培养基活化培养,离心后分别用灭菌水悬浮得悬浮液;悬浮液中菌株的浓度为300μg/ml;
ii)将步骤i)所得悬浮液分别与饲喂棉铃虫的人工饲料以体积比为1:25的比例混合均匀,得混合饲料;
其中,所述人工饲料的配方为:每500ml人工饲料含有琼脂8g、无菌麦麸70g、干酵母10g、玉米油3ml、山梨酸1g、抗坏血酸1.5g,余量为水。人工饲料的制备方法为:将琼脂加水煮沸使琼脂融化,在温度低于90℃后依次加入无菌麦麸、干酵母、玉米油、山梨醇、抗坏血酸,搅拌均匀,定容即得。
iii)将初孵棉铃虫分别接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,每个样品每次处理供试虫为30头,饲养6h后,统计死、活虫数量,重复3次,计算死亡率:
死亡率(%)=死亡虫数/供试虫数×100;
统计及计算结果如表1所示;
将二龄幼虫分别接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,每个样品每次处理供试虫为20头,饲养至羽化,统计化蛹数和羽化数,重复3次,计算化蛹率和羽化率:
化蛹率(%)=化蛹虫数/供试虫数×100;
羽化率(%)=羽化虫数/化蛹虫数×100;
统计及计算结果如表2、3所示。
其中,CK为对照组,即仅采用人工饲料饲喂初孵棉铃虫或二龄幼虫,不加苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株,其余同实施例1。
表1苏云金芽孢杆菌对棉铃虫初孵幼虫死亡率的影响
以初孵棉铃虫为试虫,进行杀虫活性测定的结果如表1,从表1可以看出,对照组死亡率仅为16.7%,而人工饲料中混入苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53的处理组死亡率最高,为94.4%。实验结果表明,苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53的杀虫活性最高,对棉铃虫的致死性最强。
表2苏云金芽孢杆菌对棉铃虫化蛹率的影响
从表2可以看出,对照组化蛹率为76.7%,而人工饲料中混入苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53的处理组化蛹率最低,为11.7%;同时,该处理组中,棉铃虫蛹个体偏小,并且幼虫的发育历期延长。
表3苏云金芽孢杆菌对棉铃虫羽化率的影响
从表3可以看出,对照组羽化率为80.3%,而人工饲料中混入苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53的处理组羽化率最低,为11.1%。同时,该处理组中,棉铃虫蛹的发育历期延长。
对苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53进行保藏,保藏信息为:该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)ML53,于2014年9月24日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心(CCTCC),保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014446。
Claims (10)
1.一种苏云金芽孢杆菌,其特征在于:该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)ML53,于2014年9月24日保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2014446。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:包括下列步骤:
1)对采集自大田的死亡棉铃虫进行分离,得到苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株;
2)以初孵棉铃虫和二龄幼虫为试虫,进行生物活性测试,通过比较初孵棉铃虫死亡率和以二龄幼虫为试虫时棉铃虫的化蛹率、羽化率,筛选得到所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌ML53。
3.根据权利要求2所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,从死亡棉铃虫中分离苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的方法包括:
a.采集大田中死亡的棉铃虫,在乙醇溶液中浸泡,然后用氯化汞溶液消毒,再用无菌水冲洗后,于灭菌的研钵中研磨,加入无菌水得研磨液原液;
b.取步骤a所得研磨液原液的稀释液,涂布于NA培养基平板上,在30℃下培养,挑取似Bt菌落涂片,用石炭酸复红染色镜检,将检出的Bt菌株划线培养、分离纯化,备用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中,所述乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积分数为75%;所述氯化汞溶液中氯化汞的质量分数为1%。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a中,在乙醇溶液中浸泡时间为30s;用氯化汞溶液消毒时间为3min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b中,所述NA培养基的配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,琼脂18g,加蒸馏水至1000ml。
7.根据权利要求2所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述生物活性测试的方法包括:
i)将步骤1)所得苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株活化培养,离心后用灭菌水悬浮得悬浮液;
ii)将步骤i)所得悬浮液与饲喂棉铃虫的人工饲料混合均匀,得混合饲料;
iii)将初孵棉铃虫接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,饲养6h后,统计死、活虫数量,计算死亡率:
死亡率(%)=死亡虫数/供试虫数×100;
将二龄幼虫接于步骤ii)所得混合饲料上,饲养至羽化,统计化蛹数和羽化数,计算化蛹率和羽化率:
化蛹率(%)=化蛹虫数/供试虫数×100;
羽化率(%)=羽化虫数/化蛹虫数×100。
8.根据权利要求7所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤i)中,所述活化培养采用NB培养基,配方为:牛肉浸膏5g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,加蒸馏水至1000ml。
9.根据权利要求7所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤ii)中,所述人工饲料的配方为:每500ml人工饲料含有琼脂8g、麦麸70g、干酵母10g、玉米油3ml、山梨酸1g、抗坏血酸1.5g。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的苏云金芽孢杆菌在防治植物棉铃虫虫害方面的应用。
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