CN104981553A - Method for hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium, nickel and cobalt from lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction of used galvanic cells - Google Patents
Method for hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium, nickel and cobalt from lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction of used galvanic cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN104981553A CN104981553A CN201380053322.6A CN201380053322A CN104981553A CN 104981553 A CN104981553 A CN 104981553A CN 201380053322 A CN201380053322 A CN 201380053322A CN 104981553 A CN104981553 A CN 104981553A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
- C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium from a lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction of used galvanic cells. According to the invention, a lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction, the transition metals being nickel, cobalt and/or manganese and having an aluminum content of up to 5% by weight, or the metals being nickel, cobalt and/or aluminum and having a particle size of up to 500 mum, is introduced into sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 0.5 to 4 mol/l in an amount that is at least stoichiometric relative to the oxide content of the lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction and in a solid-to-liquid ratio in the range of 10 to 300 g/l, hydrogen peroxide is likewise added in an amount that is at least stoichiometric relative to the transition metal content to be reduced of the lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction and the compound is solubilized at temperatures of 35 to 70DEG C, the solution that contains the lithium salts formed and the salts of the mentioned transition metals is separated off and the remaining residue are washed at least twice, the wash solution containing the separated salts and the saline wash solution are combined, the transition metals are precipitated as hydroxides in a pH range of 9 to 11, separated off and washed and the remaining lithium sulphate-containing solutions are combined and are converted to lithium hydroxide by electrodialysis on bipolar membranes.
Description
Theme of the present invention is a kind of method containing hydrometallurgical recovery lithium, nickel, cobalt the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound from old galvanic cell.
Mobile electronic device needs the rechargeable battery pack of becoming stronger day by day with power supply of reaching self-sufficiency.For this purpose, consider energy density, cyclical stability and the low self-discharge of expressing with Wh/kg, Li-ion batteries piles is used.It is very common that have the Li-ion batteries piles of transition metal oxide as active cathode material.Described in these series of cells, active cathode material is made up of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound, and when charging, lithium ion discharges and is embedded in anode material from described lithium-transition metal-oxide compound.The particularly importantly mixed oxide of lithium and nickel, cobalt and/or manganese, it is also known is abbreviated as NMC battery or series of cells, and the mixed oxide of lithium and nickel, cobalt and/or aluminium, and it is also known is abbreviated as NCA battery or series of cells.The lithium battery of heavy body is used to stationary applications (standby power supply) or draws object (hybrid power or pure motorized motions) for realizing in automotive field.About the energy density in the latter's application, NMC series of cells is considered to particularly important.Due to wherein contained material amount along with produce, the increasing with the size and number of the series of cells of recycling of charging, in economic recovery series of cells, the method for lithium is absolutely necessary.
A kind of from pulverize and screening battery containing LiFePO
4fraction reclaim the method for lithium and can know by document WO2012/072619A1, under the existence of oxygenant, wherein use acid solution process to contain LiFePO
4fraction.The lithium ion of stripping is separated with not molten tertiary iron phosphate, and is precipitated out from lithium-containing solution in a salt form.The carrying out of this hydrometallurgical recovery needs the sulfuric acid of dilution, and along with the introducing of oxygen, ozone or the interpolation of hydrogen peroxide, occurs at the temperature of 80 DEG C-120 DEG C.
The shortcoming of the method is the high energy intensity of extraction process, the purity to the corrosion-resistant high request of equipment therefor and the lithium salts by precipitation acquisition.
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of such method, the method can guarantee the highest possible energy efficiency in lithium leaching process, requires low to extraction element used corrosion-resistant simultaneously, and the purity of the raising of the lithium compound obtained.
Described object by a kind of from old galvanic cell containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound fraction hydrometallurgical recovery lithium, nickel, the method of cobalt realizes, wherein will there is the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of the aluminium content up to 5 % by weight and the particle diameter up to 500 μm, wherein said transition metal is nickel, cobalt and/or manganese, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the sulfuric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 20-250g/l, and make it dissolve by adding to be at least equally relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the amount of transition metal stoichimetry to be reduced in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, by the solution separating of the vitriol containing the Lithium Sulphate formed and described transition metal, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the sulfate liquor be separated and the washings containing vitriol, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge remaining solution containing Lithium Sulphate and change into lithium hydroxide by the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane.
Alternatively, described object is by a kind of realizing containing the method for hydrometallurgical recovery lithium the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound from old galvanic cell, wherein by have maximum 500 μm particle diameter containing the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound, wherein said mixed oxide is metallic nickel, the mixed oxide of cobalt and/or aluminium, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the sulfuric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 20-300g/l, it is made to dissolve by adding to be at least relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the stoichiometric amount of content of transition metal to be reduced in the fraction of lithium mixed oxide with at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, by the solution separating containing the Lithium Sulphate formed and described transition metal sulfate, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the metal sulfate be separated and the washings containing metal sulfate, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge the remaining solution containing Lithium Sulphate also by using the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane to change into lithium hydroxide.
Described object is equally by a kind of realizing containing the method for hydrometallurgical recovery lithium the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound from old galvanic cell, wherein by have maximum 500 μm particle diameter containing the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound, wherein said mixed oxide is metallic nickel, the mixed oxide of cobalt and/or aluminium, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the hydrochloric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 10-150g/l, and make it dissolve by adding to be at least relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the stoichiometric amount of content of transition metal to be reduced in the fraction of lithium mixed oxide at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, by the muriatic solution separating containing the lithium chloride formed and described transition metal, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the metal chloride solutions be separated and the washings containing metal chloride, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge the remaining solution containing lithium chloride also by using the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane to change into lithium hydroxide.
The extraction being surprisingly found out that lithium is within the very short reaction times, almost complete quantitatively, at low temperatures.Control reaction heat by being metered into reductive agent and making it keep very low, thus the decomposition of reductive agent almost autocatalysis can be avoided substantially.In order to extract lithium, the reductive agent of stoichiometric amount almost only must be used.
Therefore, under specific gentle hydrometallurgy dissolution conditions, contained lithium is dissolved more than 99 % by weight at most, and % by weight to be recovered more than 95 at most.
Use aluminium content up to the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of 3 % by weight, preferably <1 % by weight.Therefore, reduce further the generation of flammable explosive gas mixture.
Ion-exchanger is preferably utilized to reduce the content of multivalent metal cation further.The multivalent metal cation content reduced has effect positive especially for utilizing the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane to process described solution further, because these metallic cations with the form of oxyhydroxide use film in or film precipitates, serve the effect of " film poisonous substance ".
More preferably, the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound has up to 500 μm, the particle diameter of preferred 100-400 μm.The use of above-mentioned particle diameter improves solubility behavior.
Advantageously, working concentration is 0.75-2.5mol/l, the sulfuric acid of preferred 1.0-2.0mol/l or hydrochloric acid.The sulfuric acid of described concentration range or the use of hydrochloric acid, significantly reduce the corrosion-resistant requirement of equipment used.
Particularly preferably in NMC battery with when using sulfuric acid, in the scope of 30-230g/l, preferably 50-180g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.At NCA battery with when using sulfuric acid, preferably in the scope of 50-250g/l, preferably 60-150g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.Although solids content is high in reaction mixture, contained lithium is almost dissolved quantitatively.At NCA battery with when using hydrochloric acid, preferably in the scope of 15-120g/l, preferably 25-65g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.
Preferably at 30-65 DEG C, at the temperature of preferred 40-60 DEG C, implement described dissolving.Astoundingly, lithium solute effect thus substantially not by the impact of time and amount.Described temperature range can use ordinary skill equipment to regulate.
Advantageously, dissolved residue at least washs three times.Find that the contained lithium therefore more than 95 % by weight can be obtained.
The described sulfuric acid of preferred excessive use or hydrochloric acid and/or hydrogen peroxide.Particularly preferably use 0.1-10 % by mole excessive, preferred 0.5-5 % by mole excessive.
With regard to its purity, the product obtained according to the method for the invention is suitable for producing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound or lithium-transition metal-phosphate, and can be preferred for preparing the active material being used as Li-ion batteries piles negative electrode.
Describe, in general terms is carried out to technique of the present invention below.
Embodiment
Based on following embodiment, the present invention will be described with table 1-3.
Under condition listed by table 1, under the described conditions 11 tests are implemented to the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of NMC-battery.
Under the conditions listed in table 2,6 tests are implemented to the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of NCA-battery.
Under condition listed by table 3,3 tests are implemented to the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of NMC-battery.
Claims (16)
1. from old galvanic cell containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound fraction hydrometallurgical recovery lithium, nickel, the method of cobalt, it is characterized in that, to there is the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of the aluminium content up to 5 % by weight and the particle diameter up to 500 μm, wherein transition metal is nickel, cobalt and/or manganese, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the sulfuric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 20-250g/l, and make it dissolve relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the stoichiometric amount of content of transition metal to be reduced in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound equally by adding to be at least at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, be separated containing the Lithium Sulphate formed with the solution of the vitriol of described transition metal, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the sulfate liquor be separated and the washing soln containing vitriol, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge remaining solution containing Lithium Sulphate and change into lithium hydroxide by the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane.
2. from old galvanic cell containing lithium mixed oxide fraction hydrometallurgical recovery lithium, nickel, the method of cobalt, it is characterized in that, by the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of the particle diameter that has up to 500 μm, wherein said mixed oxide is metallic nickel, the mixed oxide of cobalt and/or aluminium, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the sulfuric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 20-300g/l, and at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, make it dissolve by adding to be at least relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the stoichiometric amount of content of transition metal to be reduced in the fraction of lithium mixed oxide, by the solution separating of the vitriol containing the Lithium Sulphate formed and described transition metal, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the solution of metal sulfates be separated and the washings containing metal sulfate, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge the remaining solution containing Lithium Sulphate also by using the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane to change into lithium hydroxide.
3. from old galvanic cell containing lithium mixed oxide fraction hydrometallurgical recovery lithium, nickel, the method of cobalt, it is characterized in that, by have maximum 500 μm particle diameter containing the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound, wherein said mixed oxide is metallic nickel, the mixed oxide of cobalt and/or aluminium, importing to the concentration being at least the stoichiometric amount of oxide content contained in the fraction of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound relative to this is in the hydrochloric acid of 0.5-4mol/l, and solid-to-liquid ratio is in the scope of 10-150g/l, and make it dissolve by adding to be at least relative to this hydrogen peroxide containing the stoichiometric amount of content of transition metal to be reduced in the fraction of lithium mixed oxide at the temperature of 35-70 DEG C, by the muriatic solution separating containing the lithium chloride formed and described transition metal, and by remaining residual washing-out at least twice, merge the metal chloride be separated and the washings containing metal chloride, in the pH value range of 9-11, transition metal is as precipitation of hydroxide, be isolated and wash, merge remaining solution containing lithium chloride and change into lithium hydroxide by the electrodialysis of Bipolar Membrane.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, uses aluminium content up to the fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound of 3 % by weight, preferably < 1 % by weight.
5. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, utilize ion-exchanger to reduce the content of multivalent metal cation.
6. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the described fraction containing lithium-transition metal-oxide compound has up to 500 μm, the particle diameter of preferred 100-400 μm.
7. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, working concentration is the sulfuric acid of 0.75-2.5mol/l, preferred 1.0-2.0mol/l.
8. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, working concentration is the hydrochloric acid of 0.75-2.5mol/l, preferred 1.0-2.0mol/l.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the scope of 30-230g/l, preferably 50-180g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.
10. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in the scope of 50-250g/l, preferably 60-150g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.
11. methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in the scope of 15-120g/l, preferably 25-65g/l, regulate solid-to-liquid ratio.
12., according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that, at 35-65 DEG C, implement described dissolving at the temperature of preferred 40-60 DEG C.
13. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, and it is characterized in that, described dissolved residue at least washs three times.
14., according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that, the described sulfuric acid of excessive use and/or hydrogen peroxide.
15. methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that, use 0.1-10 % by mole excessive, preferred 0.5-5 % by mole excessive.
16. products prepared according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3, for the production of lithium-transition metal-oxide compound or lithium-transition metal-phosphate, are preferably used as the purposes of the active material of Li-ion batteries piles negative electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102012218464.3 | 2012-10-10 | ||
DE102012218464 | 2012-10-10 | ||
DE102012218467.8 | 2012-10-10 | ||
DE102012218467 | 2012-10-10 | ||
DE102012218465 | 2012-10-10 | ||
DE102012218465.1 | 2012-10-10 | ||
PCT/EP2013/003028 WO2014056609A1 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2013-10-09 | Method for the hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium, nickel and cobalt from the lithium transition metal oxide-containing fraction of used galvanic cells |
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CN104981553A true CN104981553A (en) | 2015-10-14 |
CN104981553B CN104981553B (en) | 2018-07-10 |
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US (1) | US9702024B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2906730B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6359018B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102214423B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104981553B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013016671A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2648807C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014056609A1 (en) |
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CN108517422A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-11 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A method of the high efficiente callback lithium from containing lithium more metal mixed solution |
CN109022793A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A method of the Selectively leaching lithium from the anode material waste powder of at least one of the manganese of nickel containing cobalt |
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CN108517422A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-11 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A method of the high efficiente callback lithium from containing lithium more metal mixed solution |
CN108517409B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-11-29 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | A method of recycling valuable metal from waste and old power battery anode waste material |
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EP2906730A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
EP2906730B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
US9702024B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
WO2014056609A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
JP2016500754A (en) | 2016-01-14 |
DE102013016671A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
CN104981553B (en) | 2018-07-10 |
US20150247216A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
RU2648807C2 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
KR102214423B1 (en) | 2021-02-08 |
JP6359018B2 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
RU2015117379A (en) | 2016-12-10 |
KR20150063159A (en) | 2015-06-08 |
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