CN104975886A - 用于压缩机或轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器 - Google Patents

用于压缩机或轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器 Download PDF

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CN104975886A
CN104975886A CN201510165198.3A CN201510165198A CN104975886A CN 104975886 A CN104975886 A CN 104975886A CN 201510165198 A CN201510165198 A CN 201510165198A CN 104975886 A CN104975886 A CN 104975886A
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stator blade
function element
compressor
loader according
blade loader
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R.普兹拜
O.J.塔亨伊
G.卡塔迪
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Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/16Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing by self-adjusting means
    • F01D11/18Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing by self-adjusting means using stator or rotor components with predetermined thermal response, e.g. selective insulation, thermal inertia, differential expansion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F01D25/265Vertically split casings; Clamping arrangements therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/042Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/90Coating; Surface treatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/12Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/14Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17Alloys
    • F05D2300/171Steel alloys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/502Thermal properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/502Thermal properties
    • F05D2300/5021Expansivity
    • F05D2300/50212Expansivity dissimilar

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于压缩机或尤其是燃气涡轮、蒸汽涡轮、压缩机、膨胀器中的一个的轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器(10),其至少包括第一和第二功能器件(11、12),其中所述第一功能器件(11)是柱体,该柱体由带有在1.3×10-5[1/k]以下的热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料形成,该柱体提供为用于在其内侧上承载多个静叶,并且其中所述第二功能器件(12)为支撑结构,其由不同于所述第一功能器件(11)的材料且比其更廉价的材料形成,该支撑结构(12)提供为用于在所述轴向涡轮机的外壳(18)内限定所述第一功能器件(11)的轴向和横向位置。优点为在中等成本下的减小间隙。

Description

用于压缩机或轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮机的技术。其涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于压缩机或轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器。
背景技术
燃气涡轮通常包括压缩机区段、燃烧器以及至少一个涡轮。在压缩机区段内,当燃烧空气在环形气体通道中压缩来在压缩机中使用以燃烧燃料时,交替排的运行叶片和导向静叶与燃烧空气交互作用。在将运行叶片安装在中央转子上时,导向静叶是固定的并且安装在适当的压缩机静叶承载器(CVC)上,其共心地围绕且界定气体通道。
在现有技术中公知使用完全由低热膨胀材料(例如,镍基合金)形成的CVC。在应用于例如50MW功率的工业(固定)燃气涡轮(GT)时,该设计是有利的,因为其带来高间隙降低,并因而改进了机器的整体效率。但是,对于大型GT,具有完全由低热膨胀材料形成的CVC是非常昂贵的。
因而,已经提议使用CVC的混合设计,其中,圆柱形部分由通过标准的低合金钢形成的数个节段和支撑结构形成,该支撑结构限定间隙,由低热膨胀材料形成(见文献US 2012/0045312 A1)。这种解决方案具有其缺点,因而该成节段的、圆柱形部分呈现为倾向于显著的热变形。这是因为该节段相对长且不支撑彼此。此外,在节段之间的纵向缝隙可以是用于压缩机翼片的激励源。
文献WO 2010023150 A1涉及一种用于轴向流固定燃气涡轮的导向静叶支撑件,其包括管状壁,该管状壁带有流入侧端部和与流入侧端部相反的流出侧端部,以用于流体在导向静叶支撑件内在燃气涡轮的流路径中流动,其中,在壁中提供至少一个用于冷却剂的冷却通道。为了提供适于尤其高的操作温度并且可相对廉价地制成的导向静叶支撑件,提议将涡轮静叶支撑件设计成多层方式-当在径向方向上观看时。导向静叶支撑件的不同层可使用热等静压法连接在一起,其中,导向静叶支撑件的内部层可由耐高温材料制成,而导向静叶支撑件的外部层可由较不耐高温材料制成。此外,通过将导向静叶支撑件设计成多层方式,十分易于制造在导向静叶支撑件的壁内的冷却通道。尽管减少了昂贵的高温材料的使用,但是多层元件的制造依然是昂贵且耗时的。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种CVC,其易于制造、较不昂贵且减小了压缩机运行间隙,但是却保持了相同的窄点(pinch point)间隙,即,引起性能升高且保持了相同的摩擦风险。
该目的和其它目的通过根据权利要求1的静叶承载器获得。
提供根据本发明的静叶承载器以用于压缩机或尤其是燃气涡轮、蒸汽涡轮、压缩机、以及膨胀器中的一个的轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段。所述静叶承载器至少包括第一和第二功能器件,其中所述第一功能器件是柱体,其由带有在1.3×10-5[1/k]以下的热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料形成,该柱体提供为用于在其内侧上承载多个静叶,并且其中所述第二功能器件是支撑结构,其由不同于所述第一功能器件的材料且比其更廉价的材料形成,该支撑结构提供为用于在所述轴向涡轮机的外壳内限定所述第一功能器件的轴向和横向位置。
根据本发明的实施例,所述柱体在分裂平面处分裂,并且由连接在一起的两个或更多个圆柱形部分组成。
具体地,所述分裂平面是水平的或竖直的或大体轴向的平面。
具体地,所述圆柱形部分通过螺栓或销连接在一起。
根据本发明的另一实施例,所述支撑结构包括多个支撑节段,所述支撑节段径向地固定至所述第一功能器件。
具体地,在各对相邻的支撑节段之间存在缝隙,并且提供密封元件以用于闭合所述缝隙。
根据本发明的又一实施例,所述支撑结构是环形的且布置在所述第一功能器件和所述外壳之间,使得其径向地自由膨胀并且在所述外壳内给予第一功能器件轴向支撑。
根据本发明的另一实施例,所述第一功能器件在其内侧上镀层有被覆层。
具体地,所述被覆层包括可磨损或耐氧化被覆。
根据本发明的另一实施例,所述第一功能器件的材料是Incoloy?907/909或INVAR?
根据本发明的又一实施例,所述第二功能器件的材料是标准的低合金钢。
附图说明
现在将借助于不同实施例并且参照附图更严密地说明本发明。
图1显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的压缩机静叶承载器的透视图;
图2显示了根据图1的压缩机静叶承载器的轴向区段的剖面图;
图3显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的压缩机静叶承载器的透视图;
图4显示了根据图3的压缩机静叶承载器的轴向区段的剖面图。
附图标记:
10    静叶承载器
11    圆柱形部分
12    支撑结构
12a   支撑节段
12b   钩部
13    间隙
14    密封元件
15    螺栓
16    静叶凹槽
17    分裂平面凸缘
18    外壳
18a   支撑凹槽
19    静叶
20    静叶承载器
21    圆柱形部分
22    支撑环
23    支撑凹槽
24    外壳
24a   支撑凹槽
25    静叶凹槽
26    分裂平面凸缘
27    静叶
28    机器轴线。
具体实施方式
低热膨胀(低CTE)材料带来在压缩机间隙的降低上的显著益处。不幸地,这些材料却仅仅是十分昂贵的镍合金钢。根据本发明的静叶承载器的混合设计允许用于承载器的主圆柱形部分的低热膨胀材料的应用,而较不关键的支撑和密封结构由标准的廉价钢形成。
两个设计提议有相同的原理,该原理为使用低热膨胀材料以用于圆柱形部分和使用标准低合金钢以用于静叶承载器的支撑部分。
在两个设计中,如在图1和图2(第一设计)以及图3和图4(第二设计)中所显示,静叶承载器10和20的分别的圆柱形部分11和21分别由低热膨胀材料形成,来减小压缩机的运行间隙。该圆柱形部分11、21的目标为关于机器轴线28限定(环形)压缩机通道几何形状,限定在压缩机叶片(未显示)上方的间隙,并且分别承载压缩机静叶19和27。其还包含竖直分裂平面凸缘17和26,带有其螺栓连接。静叶承载器10、20借助于支撑结构12和22分别定位在外壳(在图2中的18;在图4中的24)中。
带有低热膨胀系数(CTE)的可能材料为:Incoloy?907/909和INVAR?或带有CTE<1.3×10-5[1/k]的任意其它材料。在两个设计中,支撑结构12和支撑环22分别由标准的低合金钢形成。
支撑结构12和支撑环22的目标分别为分别在外壳18和24内静叶承载器10和20以及其圆柱形部分11和21的轴向和横向位置的分别限定。同时,支撑结构12和支撑环22提供在两个轴向分离的压缩机抽取空气空腔之间的密封。
在第一设计(图1和图2)中,支撑区段或支撑结构12(轴向凸缘)构建成数个节段12a的形式,其带有密封元件14来闭合在相邻的节段12a之间的缝隙13。支撑结构12的成节段设计允许由低热膨胀材料形成的圆柱形部分11的自由热膨胀。支撑节段12a均借助于钩部12b和螺栓15安装在圆柱形部分11的外部侧上。在圆柱形部分11的内侧上,提供多个周向静叶凹槽16以用于容纳静叶19。其中,它们的外端部支撑节段12a与外壳18的内侧上的支撑凹槽18a啮合。两个这种圆柱形部分在分裂平面中借助于分裂平面凸缘17结合在一起。
在第二设计(图3和图4)中,轴向凸缘或支撑环22未固定至承载器20的圆柱形部分21。而是,其设计为径向自由膨胀的独立环(在发动机分裂平面处分裂)(见图4),并且足够厚来给予由低热膨胀材料形成的承载器20的圆柱形部分21轴向支撑。支撑环22保持在两个支撑凹槽23和24a中,其带有径向膨胀的自由度且同时给予静叶承载器20轴向支撑。此外,在圆柱形部分21的内侧上提供轴向静叶凹槽25来容纳静叶27。
在两种情况(图1和图3)下,圆柱形部分11或21分别可以多种方式(例如,可磨损被覆、耐氧化被覆、其它适当的被覆)在其内侧上镀层,以便克服带有低热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料的典型限制并且使该部分适于特定应用。
而且,圆柱形部分11或21分别可具体地设计为承载(在静叶上游或下游或之间)热防护罩或其它子部分(未在附图中显示)。
根据本发明的设计具有下列优点:
在由低热膨胀材料形成的完整的(昂贵的)外壳的情况下,减小的压缩机运行间隙;
显著地降低的成本。混合设计的呈现成本中立地花费。这指的是,在新设计的成本上的增加完全由在GT性能上的增加覆盖。
已经结合燃气涡轮(GT)描述了本发明。但是,其还可应用于其它涡轮机,例如蒸汽涡轮。

Claims (11)

1. 一种用于压缩机或尤其是燃气涡轮、蒸汽涡轮、压缩机、膨胀器中的一个的轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器(10),所述静叶承载器(10)至少包括第一和第二功能器件(分别为11、12和12、22),其中所述第一功能器件(11、21)是柱体,其由带有在1.3×10-5[1/k]以下的热膨胀系数(CTE)的材料形成,所述柱体提供为用于在其内侧上承载多个静叶,并且其中所述第二功能器件(12、22)为支撑结构,其由不同于所述第一功能器件(11、21)的材料且比其更廉价的材料形成,所述支撑结构(12、22)提供为用于在所述轴向涡轮机的外壳(18、24)内限定所述第一功能器件(11、21)的轴向和横向位置。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述柱体(11、21)在分裂平面处分裂,并且由连接在一起的两个或更多个圆柱形部分(11、21)组成。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述分裂平面是水平的或竖直的或大体轴向的平面。
4. 根据权利要求2所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述圆柱形部分(11、21)通过螺栓或销连接在一起。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述支撑结构(12)包括多个支撑节段(12a),所述支撑节段(12a)径向地固定至所述第一功能器件(11)。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,在各对相邻的支撑节段(12a)之间存在间隙(13),并且密封元件(14)提供为用于闭合所述间隙(13)。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述支撑结构(22)是环形的,并且布置在所述第一功能器件(21)和所述外壳(24)之间,使得其径向地自由膨胀并且在所述外壳(24)内给予所述第一功能器件(21)轴向支撑。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述第一功能器件(11、21)在其内侧上镀层有被覆层。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述被覆层包括可磨损或耐氧化被覆。
10. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述第一功能器件(11、21)的材料是Incoloy?907/909或INVAR?
11. 根据权利要求1所述的静叶承载器,其特征在于,所述第二功能器件(12、22)的材料是标准的低合金钢。
CN201510165198.3A 2014-04-09 2015-04-09 用于压缩机或轴向涡轮机的涡轮区段的静叶承载器 Pending CN104975886A (zh)

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