CN104971748B - 一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法,其方法在于:先制备BiOI纳米小球,然后在其表面修饰具有底物分子印迹空穴的聚吡咯分子层,再将其与石墨烯复合构建3D石墨烯/BiOI分子印迹复合光催化剂。本方法获得的光催化材料对底物分子具有高效的选择性降解性能,在治理有机污染物废水领域有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化材料领域,尤其涉及一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法。
技术背景
随着全球性的环境污染及生态破坏的加剧,许多有毒有害的有机污染物进入环境。它们存在时间长,分布范围广,具有生物累积性,对人类健康危害巨大。光催化技术是治理这类污染物的有效手段之一。光催化能将难降解的有机污染物氧化、分解、直至转化为H2O、CO2和无机盐等,使有机物部分或完全矿化,从而达到污染物无害化处理的要求。
然而目前也有一个重要的问题制约着光催化技术的实用性能。在处理实际废水时,实际废水复杂的组分会对光催化剂的效率造成很大影响。这是因为,废水中的其他组分,比如高浓度的无毒或低毒性其他有机物会与目标污染物在光催化剂表面产生竞争吸附,它们会因在量上的优势而迅速在光催化剂表面达到饱和吸附而被优先降解,而亟待治理的目标污染物却因为竞争吸附不占优势而得不到有效降解。
分子印迹技术为上述问题提供了一个有效的解决方向。它利用印迹技术在光催化剂表面形成能契合底物的空穴,从而对底物具有高效的选择性。分子印迹技术在光催化剂领域有了一定的发展,如:张延霖等人制备了一种基于TiO2的对塑化剂的分子印迹光催化剂[专利号:201210299645.0];逯子扬等人制备了一种基于TiO2@SiO2@Fe3O4的分子印迹光催化剂,对盐酸恩诺沙星具有较好的选择降解性能[专利号:201310113117.6];霍鹏伟等人制备了一种基于TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂,对环丙沙星具有较好的选择降解性能[专利号:201110197608.4]。近期一些分子印迹光催化剂相关的专利申请及授权,表明这一领域的研究正在受到重视,新颖组分的分子印迹光催化材料正在蓬勃发展。但目前的研究主要集中于基于TiO2的材料,开发新材料是目前该领域的重点发展方向。
卤氧化铋是一类不同于TiO2的光催化材料,在光催化领域很有应用前景,这源于它独特的分层结构和狭窄的禁带宽度,通常更偏向于光生电子-空穴对的分离,这保证他们在有机污染物的吸附上有一个相对较高的光催化效果。其中 BiOI 具有最小的禁带宽度,并在可见光区有强吸收。石墨烯是具有蜂窝状晶格结构的平面2D层状材料。3D石墨烯是由2D石墨烯片整合而成,具有特定的3D微/纳米结构。3D结构可以赋予石墨烯组装体独特的性质,如柔韧性、多孔性、高活性比表面积、优质的传质性能等。
在此技术背景下,我们发展一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法,利用3D石墨烯立体构型构建大的比表面,负载BiOI这一新类型的半导体材料,构建新型的光催化剂,并在其表面制造分子印迹空穴,以对硝基苯酚这一重要常见的有机污染物为模板分子,合成分子印迹光催化材料,所得材料具有对模板分子很高的选择降解性能,在修复对硝基苯酚污染的复杂组分废水方面有很好的应用前景。本发明所涉及方法未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备高效分子印迹光催化剂的方法,本发明采用如下手段实现:
(1)以Bi(NO3)3、KI、PVP-K30为主要原料通过直接沉淀法制备BiOI纳米微球;
(2)将对硝基苯酚和吡咯溶解在甲醇:蒸馏水(1:1,V/V)的混和液中,该混和体系在暗处搅拌30 min以制备预自组装溶液;
(3)在脱氧的情况下,以FeCl3作为催化剂,使(2)的预自组装溶液在BiOI表面聚合,然后用NaOH溶液洗脱模板分子,以形成印迹空穴;
(4)将(3)所得产品与氧化石墨烯(GO)复合,其与氧化石墨烯(GO)的质量比为从100:5至100:100,构建3D石墨烯/BiOI分子印迹光催化材料。
本发明的优点是对模板分子的特异选择性降解能力强,在治理对硝基苯酚污染的复杂组分废水领域有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得产品在可见光照射下对对硝基苯酚的降解效果,印迹材料效果明显强于非印迹材料;
图2为实施例2所得产品在可见光照射下对对硝基苯酚的降解效果,印迹材料效果明显强于非印迹材料;
图3为实施例3所得产品在紫外可见光照射下对对硝基苯酚的降解效果,印迹材料效果明显强于非印迹材料;
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述,但本实施例并不用于限制本发明,凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化,均应列入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)将1.51g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,0.4 g PVP-K30和5ml HNO3(1.0 M)加入到50 ml蒸馏水形成溶液A;0.5 g KI,0.40 g PVP-K30加入到60 ml蒸馏水中形成溶液B。然后在磁力搅拌下,将溶液B逐滴加至溶液A中。所得混和液在空气中搅拌2h。然后,通过离心收集形成的黄色沉淀,交替用蒸馏水和纯乙醇洗涤,80℃下3 h烘干,得到BiIO;
(3)0.05g 对硝基苯酚和17.3 ul吡咯溶解至5.0 ml的甲醇:蒸馏水(1:1,V/V)的混和液中,该混和体系在暗处搅拌30 min以制备预自组装溶液;
(4)将0.5g BiIO悬浮在100 ml的HCl溶液中(pH=2),进行脱氧处理后超声30 min得到均匀分散的溶液,再在0℃下待续搅拌下,将制备好的预自组装溶液加入到该溶液中。然后,将2 ml 含0.27 g FeCl3的溶液(pH=2)逐滴加至上述冷的溶液中。所得混和溶液在0℃下反应4h。然后,将反应体系过滤,所得固体用100 ml NaOH水溶液(pH=9)洗涤5次。接着,所得产品用蒸馏水彻底清洗以除去多余的氨水。最后,将产品在70℃下干燥至恒重;
(5)GO水溶液分散液根据改进的Hummers方法制备。GO水溶液分散液(1 mg/mL)的pH值调节至8.0。向2.5 mL 上述GO分散液中加入第3步制备的产品(其质量比与GO的质量比分别为100:5),再加入10 ml乙醇,15 ml蒸馏水。混和体系持续搅拌直至生成深桔黄色沉淀,再加入聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌约1h,再超声约1min,然后静置于25℃下24h,以形成水凝胶。将所得水凝胶彻底清洗,再真空冻干,得到分子印迹光催化材料;
(6)另外做一份对照组,除了第(3)步中不加对硝基苯酚,其他同上,得到相应的非印迹光催化材料。
实施例2
(1)将1.51g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,0.4g PVP-K30和5ml HNO3(1.0 M)加入到50 ml蒸馏水形成溶液A;0.5 g KI,0.40 g PVP-K30加入到60 ml蒸馏水中形成溶液B。然后在磁力搅拌下,将溶液B逐滴加至溶液A中。所得混和液在空气中搅拌2h。然后,通过离心收集形成的黄色沉淀,交替用蒸馏水和纯乙醇洗涤,80℃下3 h烘干,得到BiIO;
(3)0.05g 对硝基苯酚和17.3 ul吡咯溶解至5.0 ml的甲醇:蒸馏水(1:1,V/V)的混和液中,该混和体系在暗处搅拌30 min以制备预自组装溶液;
(4)将0.5g BiIO悬浮在100 ml的HCl溶液中(pH=2),进行脱氧处理后超声30 min得到均匀分散的溶液,再在0℃下待续搅拌下,将制备好的预自组装溶液加入到该溶液中。然后,将2 ml 含0.27 g FeCl3的溶液(pH=2)逐滴加至上述冷的溶液中。所得混和溶液在0℃下反应4h。然后,将反应体系过滤,所得固体用100 ml NaOH水溶液(pH=9)洗涤5次。接着,所得产品用蒸馏水彻底清洗以除去多余的氨水。最后,将产品在70℃下干燥至恒重;
(5)GO水溶液分散液根据改进的Hummers方法制备。GO水溶液分散液(1 mg/mL)的pH值调节至8.0。向2.5 mL 上述GO分散液中加入第3步制备的产品(其质量比与GO的质量比分别为100:10),再加入10 ml乙醇,15 ml蒸馏水。混和体系持续搅拌直至生成深桔黄色沉淀,再加入聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌约1h,再超声约1min,然后静置于25℃下24h,以形成水凝胶。将所得水凝胶彻底清洗,再真空冻干,得到分子印迹光催化材料;
(6)另外做一份对照组,除了第(3)步中不加对硝基苯酚,其他同上,得到相应的非印迹光催化材料。
实施例3
(1)将1.51g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,0.4g PVP-K30和5ml HNO3(1.0 M)加入到50 ml蒸馏水形成溶液A;0.5 g KI,0.40 g PVP-K30加入到60 ml蒸馏水中形成溶液B。然后在磁力搅拌下,将溶液B逐滴加至溶液A中。所得混和液在空气中搅拌2h。然后,通过离心收集形成的黄色沉淀,交替用蒸馏水和纯乙醇洗涤,80℃下3 h烘干,得到BiIO;
(3)0.05g 对硝基苯酚和17.3 ul吡咯溶解至5.0 ml的甲醇:蒸馏水(1:1,V/V)的混和液中,该混和体系在暗处搅拌30 min以制备预自组装溶液;
(4)将0.5g BiIO悬浮在100 ml的HCl溶液中(pH=2),进行脱氧处理后超声30 min得到均匀分散的溶液,再在0℃下待续搅拌下,将制备好的预自组装溶液加入到该溶液中。然后,将2 ml 含0.27 g FeCl3的溶液(pH=2)逐滴加至上述冷的溶液中。所得混和溶液在0℃下反应4h。然后,将反应体系过滤,所得固体用100 ml NaOH水溶液(pH=9)洗涤5次。接着,所得产品用蒸馏水彻底清洗以除去多余的氨水。最后,将产品在70℃下干燥至恒重;
(5)GO水溶液分散液根据改进的Hummers方法制备。GO水溶液分散液(1 mg/mL)的pH值调节至8.0。向2.5 mL 上述GO分散液中加入第3步制备的产品(其质量比与GO的质量比分别为100:100),再加入10 ml乙醇,15 ml蒸馏水。混和体系持续搅拌直至生成深桔黄色沉淀,再加入聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌约1h,再超声约1min,然后静置于25℃下24h,以形成水凝胶。将所得水凝胶彻底清洗,再真空冻干,得到分子印迹光催化材料;
(6)另外做一份对照组,除了第(3)步中不加对硝基苯酚,其他同上,得到相应的非印迹光催化材料。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于3D石墨烯/BiOI的分子印迹光催化复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)以Bi(NO3)3、KI、PVP-K30为主要原料通过直接沉淀法制备BiOI纳米微球;
(2)将对硝基苯酚和吡咯溶解在体积比为1;1的甲醇:蒸馏水的混和液中,该混和体系在暗处搅拌30 min以制备预自组装溶液;
(3)在脱氧的情况下,以FeCl3作为催化剂,使(2)的预自组装溶液在BiOI表面聚合,然后用NaOH溶液洗脱模板分子,以形成印迹空穴;
(4)将(3)所得产品与氧化石墨烯复合,其与氧化石墨烯的质量比为从100:5至100:100,构建3D石墨烯/BiOI分子印迹光催化材料。
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