CN104965001A - Flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device - Google Patents
Flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104965001A CN104965001A CN201510346657.8A CN201510346657A CN104965001A CN 104965001 A CN104965001 A CN 104965001A CN 201510346657 A CN201510346657 A CN 201510346657A CN 104965001 A CN104965001 A CN 104965001A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device, and belongs to the field of non-contact burning diagnosis technologies. The flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device comprises a light filter, a photoelectric multiplier tube, a negative-high-voltage power supply, an amplifying circuit and a switching power supply. The light filter is arranged on a light inlet of the photoelectric multiplier tube, the photoelectric multiplier tube is connected with the negative-high-voltage power supply and the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is connected with the switching power supply. The flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device has the advantages that the flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device is simple in structure, low in price and cost, high in sensitivity and reasonable in measurement precision, and flame heat release rate pulsation conditions of afterburners can be measured by the aid of the flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device in a non-contact manner in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluctuation measurement device, be specifically a kind of flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device, belong to non-contacting combustion diagnosis technical field.
Background technology
In modern aeroengine after-burner, temperature can reach more than 2000K, and total excess air coefficient is then reduced to about 1.1, so easily produce hugging.Need to measure in real time the rate of heat release pulsation of firing chamber to the research that hugging manifests.The measurement of rate of heat release and temperature is the important parameter of oscilatory occurrence.And engine combustion process is the same with most of combustion phenomena, a large amount of intermediate component can be produced.The measurement of these intermediate products to the research formation of flame, development and rate of heat release and temperature has great significance.
At present, the technological means of carrying out optical measurement to temperature that in prior art, effect is best is Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), and it not only can to detect in combustion field some important combusting components (as OH, O
2, NO, CH etc.) and outside two-dimentional component distribution in combustion, can also the field distribution of quantitative measurment combustion flame temperature.This technology is noiseless to combustion process, can accurately measure, and spatial and temporal resolution high (temporal resolution nanosecond, spatial resolution micron dimension), and two-dimensional measurement, has visuality, visual in image.But such equipment price is expensive, be much engaged in the unable purchase of universities and colleges of burning direction research, and its equipment is complicated, domesticly also cannot oneself produces.
Conventional measurement means is thermopair, and thermopair cost is low, is applicable to applying, but thermopair exists two significant drawback.First, its thermopair must insert among flow field, and measure the temperature meeting at recirculating zone place after stabilizator in firing chamber, stream field produces considerable influence; Secondly, can not measure dynamic temperature change, the thermocouple measurement time is long, namely along with the change of temperature will be longer time just can obtain stable temperature output.
On 08 06th, 2014, Chinese invention patent application 201410225315.6, disclose a kind of contactless flame temperature based on Ultra-Violet Laser absorption spectrum and OH base apparatus for measuring concentration and measuring method, measurement mechanism comprises Nd:YAG laser instrument, tunable dye laser, aperture, beam splitter, photodetector, two light electric explorers, burner, oxygen gas cylinder, nitrogen gas cylinder, fuel gas cylinder, a flowmeter, No. two flowmeters, No. three flowmeters, premixing tank, oscillograph, computing machines.The method can measure OH number of free radical information in flame temperature and flame by simultaneous quantitative, and because dye laser has tuning range widely, it has the potentiality measuring free radical component in multiple flame, enrich the measurement range of combustion diagnosis with laser, provide new technological means to Combustion quantitative examination.On Dec 1st, 2010, Chinese invention patent CN101625269B, discloses a kind of method of simultaneously monitoring combustion flame temperature field and concentration of intermediate products Two dimensional Distribution, comprises flame detection device, light-dividing device, filter, detection treater.Flame detection device comprises wide-angle lens and the cooling cover of flame endoscopic device and front end thereof, and flame emission passes to light-dividing device through endoscopic device, obtains the different narrowband optical signal of four Lu Zhizheng wavelength after light splitting through filter.This invention can monitor the Two dimensional Distribution of flame intermediate and flame temperature field in real time and simultaneously.But the equipment that said apparatus and method use is more, realization is complicated and equipment price is expensive, as laser instrument and ccd detector etc.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device that prior art defect provides a kind of structure simple, with low cost.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device provided by the invention, comprises optical filter, photomultiplier, negative high voltage power source, amplifying circuit and Switching Power Supply; Described optical filter is arranged on the light inlet of photomultiplier, and described photomultiplier connects negative high voltage power source and amplifying circuit respectively, described amplifying circuit connecting valve power supply.
In the present invention, described amplifying circuit comprises two-stage calculation amplifier, the inverting input pin 2 of described first order operational amplifier connects photomultiplier, input end pin 3 ground connection, the output terminal pin 1 of first order operational amplifier is connected feedback resistance R2 with between input end pin 2, parallel feedback electric capacity C3 on feedback resistance R2; Output resistance R7 is connected between the output terminal pin 1 of described first order operational amplifier and the reverse input end pin 2 of second level operational amplifier, one end of output resistance R7 contact resistance R9, the resistance R9 other end connects second level operational amplifier output terminal pin 1, second level opamp input terminal pin 3 ground connection; The pin 8 of first order operational amplifier and second level operational amplifier and pin 4 connecting valve power supply respectively.
In the present invention, described first order operational amplifier and second level operational amplifier positive-negative power end are all connected RC decoupling trap.
In the present invention, described RC decoupling trap comprises resistance and the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, and one end of described resistance connects power supply, and the other end connects two-stage calculation amplifier; Described first electric capacity and the second Capacitance parallel connection, its one end connects two-stage calculation amplifier, other end ground connection; The capacity of described first electric capacity and the second electric capacity differs.
In the present invention, the two ends of described output resistance R7 connect one end of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 respectively, and the other end ground connection of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 forms a π type filtering.
In the present invention, the centre wavelength of described optical filter is 430nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
In the present invention, described photomultiplier is side window type photomultiplier, and its wavelength is 185nm-710nm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1), structure of the present invention are simple, and Costco Wholesale is low, and adopt noncontacting measurement, it is highly sensitive, measuring accuracy is reasonable, can measure in real time the flame rate of heat release pulsation situation of after-burner; (2), at positive-negative power end connect RC decoupling trap, electric capacity adopts two parallel connections of small one and large one capacity; Respectively connect an electric capacity at the two ends of output resistance, form the filtering of π type, to reduce the intercoupling produced by public direct-current power supply between amplifier each several part circuit, stablize the work of amplifying circuit, prevent vibration and interference; (3), adopt side window type photomultiplier, it reaches 85% to the response efficiency of the spectrum of CH ion, light signal can be changed into the current signal of microampere order; (4), selection centre wavelength is 430nm, and bandwidth is that the optical filter of 10nm efficiently by the spectrum of CH ion, and can filter the spectrum of other combustion intermediate product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is measured value when adopting candle to be light source, and figure (a) is distance is measured value during 50cm, measured value when figure (b) distance is 20cm;
Fig. 3 is amplifying circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the detection waveform figure of amplifying circuit;
Fig. 5 is CH measuring ion result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail to measure CH base below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device of the present invention, comprises optical filter 4, photomultiplier 5, negative high voltage power source 6, amplifying circuit 8 and Switching Power Supply 7.Optical filter 4 is affixed on the light inlet place, front end of photomultiplier 5, the connection negative high voltage power source 6 of photomultiplier 5, and photomultiplier 5 anode connects amplifying circuit 8, amplifying circuit 8 connecting valve power supply 7 and collecting computer 9.Switching Power Supply 7 adopts the power supply that stably can export positive and negative 10V voltage common in prior art.During use, photomultiplier 5 is assemblied on the connecting tube 3 be connected with after-burner, optical filter 4 between photomultiplier 5 and connecting tube 3, connecting tube 3 and add between firing chamber and be provided with quartzy sight glass 2, the below of firing chamber flame 1, arranges flame holder 10.
The spectrum of known CH ion is 431nm, and when burning, peak wavelength is that the CH ion concentration of 435.3nm is directly proportional to the rate of heat release of combustion zone unit volume, as long as measure this wavelength optical radiation amount, just measures rate of heat release by measurement CH ion concentration.So optical filter 4 selects that centre wavelength is 430nm, bandwidth is the optical filter of 10nm in the present embodiment.Intermediate product because of hydrocarbon fuel has a lot, and if its characteristic wavelength of OH base is at 280nm, and the characteristic wavelength of C2 is at about 516nm, thus this optical filter can effectively block other free radical wavelength and by the wavelength of CH ion.The narrower then monochromaticity of bandwidth of optical filter is better, stronger to the filterableness of the spectrum of these other intermediate product.In addition, by selecting the optical filter of different centre wavelength can measure other combustion intermediate product, to adapt to different usable range; During as selected the optical filter of centre wavelength 280nm, then can measure the spectrum of OH base ion.
In the present embodiment, photomultiplier 5 adopts R5983 type side window type photomultiplier, and its peak value of response is 410nm, and response wave length scope is 185nm to 710nm.The spectral response of this photomultiplier to CH ion is highly sensitive, and response efficiency reaches 85%, light signal can be changed into the current signal of microampere order.Can realize responding other intermediate products of hydrocarbon fuel by the model changing optical filter 4.
Negative high voltage power source 6 provides powerful electric field can to nine grades of dynodes in photomultiplier 5, when identical light intensity, the negative high voltage applied is larger, the electric current that photomultiplier exports is larger, like this can be strong and weak according to the luminescence of measured flame, regulate negative high voltage size, thus reach the effect increasing or reduce photomultiplier output current.To the output current size of photomultiplier 5, and the output characteristics under Different Light carries out measurement discovery, under the negative high voltage of-350V, when selecting candle to be light source, along with photomultiplier 5 and the distance of light source, output current passes through and converts at 2 microamperes to about 5 microamperes, as shown in Figure 2.When spray gun is light source, output current is about 10 microamperes.In the present embodiment, the negative high voltage power source that negative high voltage power source 6 is selected can provide the voltage of-1250V to 0V, to measure other combustion intermediate product.
As shown in Figure 3, amplifying circuit of the present invention realizes the weak current that photomultiplier 5 exports to change into voltage signal, and amplifies voltage signal.Comprise the I/U change-over circuit of the first order and the voltage amplifier circuit of the second level.I/U change-over circuit comprises first order operational amplifier, and the inverting input pin 2 of first order operational amplifier connects the anode of photomultiplier 5, therebetween series resistor R3, input end pin 3 ground connection of first order operational amplifier; Output terminal pin 1 and the feedback resistance R2 being connected high value between input end pin 2 of first order operational amplifier, parallel feedback electric capacity C3 on feedback resistance R2, the output U1=Iin × R2 of such first order amplifier.The voltage that the resistance size of feedback resistance R2 should make the first order export is greatly about about 100mv.If feedback resistance R2 is too little, first order output voltage is too little, and be easily subject to ambient noise interference, if feedback resistance R2 is too large, stability is too poor, easily produces interference; Feedback capacity C3 is generally at tens pF, and the time constant t ≈ R2 × C3 of input end, as feedback capacity C3=10pF, if t=1 μ is s.Due to the integral action of input resistance and electric capacity, during input signal change, output signal needs 5t to stablize.So the Measuring Time of this circuit board is 5 μ s, survey frequency is 200kHz.And the ripple frequency of flame is approximately about 200Hz, so this amplifying circuit can meet the requirement of flame surveying party frequency.The output terminal pin 1 of first order operational amplifier connects output resistance R7, and the two ends of output resistance R7 connect one end of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 respectively, and the other end ground connection of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 forms a π type filtering.First order opamp input terminal pin 8 contact resistance R1 one end, resistance R1 other end connecting valve positive source, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C2 is in parallel, and its one end connects first order opamp input terminal pin 8, other end ground connection, forms RC decoupling trap; In the present embodiment, the capacity of electric capacity C1 is the capacity of 0.01 μ F, electric capacity C2 is 47 μ F.Equally, first order opamp input terminal pin 4 contact resistance R4 one end, resistance R4 other end connecting valve power cathode, electric capacity C4 and electric capacity C5 is in parallel, its one end connects first order opamp input terminal pin 4, other end ground connection, forms RC decoupling trap; In the present embodiment, the capacity of electric capacity C4 is the capacity of 0.01 μ F, electric capacity C5 is 47 μ F.
Voltage amplifier circuit comprises second level operational amplifier, output resistance R7 is connected between the reverse input end pin 2 of second level operational amplifier, one end of contact resistance R9 while of output resistance R7, the resistance R9 other end connects second level operational amplifier output terminal pin 1, and signal exports from second level amplifier out pin 1.The multiple that resistance R9/ exports R7 is exactly the enlargement factor of second level operational amplifier to first order signal, and general enlargement factor is at about 10 to 30 times.Second level opamp input terminal pin 3 contact resistance R6, resistance R6 ground connection.Opamp input terminal pin 8 contact resistance R8 one end, the second level, resistance R8 other end connecting valve positive source, electric capacity C8 and electric capacity C9 is in parallel, its connection second level, one end opamp input terminal pin 8, other end ground connection, forms RC decoupling trap; In the present embodiment, the capacity of electric capacity C8 is the capacity of 0.01 μ F, electric capacity C9 is 47 μ F.Equally, opamp input terminal pin 4 contact resistance R5 one end, the second level, resistance R5 other end connecting valve power cathode, electric capacity C10 and electric capacity C11 is in parallel, its connection second level, one end opamp input terminal pin 4, other end ground connection, forms RC decoupling trap; In the present embodiment, the capacity of electric capacity C10 is the capacity of 0.01 μ F, electric capacity C11 is 47 μ F.
In the present embodiment, first order operational amplifier and second level operational amplifier all adopt LM358 operational amplifier.Be connected RC decoupling trap with Switching Power Supply respectively, electric capacity adopts small one and large one two parallel connections, and wherein small capacitances is to high-frequency current pulse good wave filtering effect; Respectively connect an electric capacity at the two ends of output resistance R7, form the filtering of π type; The intercoupling produced by public direct-current power supply between amplifier each several part circuit can be reduced by above-mentioned setting, stablize the work of amplifying circuit, prevent vibration and interference.Finally, technique should adopt same wire as far as possible, then the section of input should be also as far as possible short with the cable of high insulation noise, circuit board and electric wire should avoid mechanically deform.
The performance quality of amplifying circuit directly determines the power of background noise and the size of output signal.According to the scope of photomultiplier output current, first we select the size of feedback resistance R2, then selects the size of feedback capacity C3 according to the frequency measured.As shown in Figure 4, adopt oscillograph to detect amplifying circuit, inspection finds that the background noise of amplifying circuit is at about 0.1V, and the measurement range of data acquisition card on collecting computer 9 is 10V.According to the enlargement factor of the measurement range selection second level of signal intensity and capture card at 10 times, this amplifying circuit is substituted in whole measuring system and tests, amplify requirement with satisfied conversion.
As shown in Figure 1, by flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement application of installation in the hot acoustic coupling experiment table of after-burner, optical filter 4 obtains flame by quartzy sight glass 2 and blocks the wavelength of wavelength by means of only CH ion of other free radical, photomultiplier 5 pairs of CH ions spectrum respond at the same time, nine grades of dynodes in negative high voltage power source 6 pairs of photomultipliers 5 apply negative high voltage, control photomultiplier output current; Amplifying circuit realizes the weak current that photomultiplier 5 exports to change into voltage signal, and outputs to collecting computer 9 after amplifying voltage signal, carries out analyzing and processing.As shown in Figure 5, the CH ion waveform that obtains of collecting computer 9 and after-burner pressure waveform are consistent substantially.
Above embodiment is only a kind of usage of this measurement mechanism, measurement can also be carried out as OH base to other combustion intermediate product by changing the wavelength-filtered scope of optical filter on its basis, or carry out light splitting with light-dividing devices such as monochromators and also can reach similar effects.So, do not departing under principle prerequisite of the present invention, also should in protection scope of the present invention to the improvements and modifications of this measurement mechanism.
Claims (7)
1. a flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device, is characterized in that: comprise optical filter, photomultiplier, negative high voltage power source, amplifying circuit and Switching Power Supply; Described optical filter is arranged on the light inlet of photomultiplier, and described photomultiplier connects negative high voltage power source and amplifying circuit respectively, described amplifying circuit connecting valve power supply.
2. flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described amplifying circuit comprises two-stage calculation amplifier, the inverting input pin 2 of described first order operational amplifier connects photomultiplier, input end pin 3 ground connection, the output terminal pin 1 of first order operational amplifier is connected feedback resistance R2 with between input end pin 2, parallel feedback electric capacity C3 on feedback resistance R2; Output resistance R7 is connected between the output terminal pin 1 of described first order operational amplifier and the reverse input end pin 2 of second level operational amplifier, one end of output resistance R7 contact resistance R9, the resistance R9 other end connects second level operational amplifier output terminal pin 1, second level opamp input terminal pin 3 ground connection; The pin 8 of first order operational amplifier and second level operational amplifier and pin 4 connecting valve power supply respectively.
3. flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described first order operational amplifier and second level operational amplifier positive-negative power end are all connected RC decoupling trap.
4. flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described RC decoupling trap comprises resistance and the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity, and one end of described resistance connects power supply, and the other end connects two-stage calculation amplifier; Described first electric capacity and the second Capacitance parallel connection, its one end connects two-stage calculation amplifier, other end ground connection; The capacity of described first electric capacity and the second electric capacity differs.
5. the flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 2,3 or 4, is characterized in that: the two ends of described output resistance R7 connect one end of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 respectively, and the other end ground connection of electric capacity C6, electric capacity C7 forms a π type filtering.
6. flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the centre wavelength of described optical filter is 430nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
7. flame rate of heat release fluctuation measurement device according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described photomultiplier is side window type photomultiplier, and its wavelength is 185nm-710nm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109187515A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-01-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Combustion heat release rate measuring method based on dual-waveband chemiluminescence |
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