CN104965001A - Flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device - Google Patents

Flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device Download PDF

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CN104965001A
CN104965001A CN201510346657.8A CN201510346657A CN104965001A CN 104965001 A CN104965001 A CN 104965001A CN 201510346657 A CN201510346657 A CN 201510346657A CN 104965001 A CN104965001 A CN 104965001A
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operational amplifier
capacitor
stage operational
power supply
resistor
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谭威
韩启祥
武郁文
杨光远
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种火焰放热率脉动测量装置,属于非接触的燃烧诊断技术领域。包括滤光片、光电倍增管、负高压电源、放大电路和开关电源;所述滤光片设置于光电倍增管的入光口上,所述光电倍增管分别连接负高压电源和放大电路,所述放大电路连接开关电源。本发明结构简单,价格成本低,采用无接触测量,其灵敏度高、测量精度合理,能够对加力燃烧室的火焰放热率脉动情况进行实时测量。

The invention discloses a flame heat release rate pulse measuring device, which belongs to the technical field of non-contact combustion diagnosis. It includes a filter, a photomultiplier tube, a negative high-voltage power supply, an amplifying circuit and a switching power supply; the filter is arranged on the light entrance of the photomultiplier tube, and the photomultiplier tube is respectively connected to the negative high-voltage power supply and the amplifying circuit. The amplifying circuit is connected with the switching power supply. The invention has simple structure, low price and cost, adopts non-contact measurement, has high sensitivity and reasonable measurement precision, and can perform real-time measurement on the flame heat release rate pulsation of the afterburner.

Description

火焰放热率脉动测量装置Flame heat release rate pulse measuring device

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种脉动测量装置,具体讲是一种火焰放热率脉动测量装置,属于非接触的燃烧诊断技术领域。 The invention relates to a pulsation measurement device, in particular to a flame heat release rate pulsation measurement device, which belongs to the technical field of non-contact combustion diagnosis.

背景技术 Background technique

现代航空发动机加力燃烧室中温度可以达到2000K以上,而总余气系数则减小到1.1左右,所以容易产生振荡燃烧。对振荡燃烧显现的研究需要对燃烧室的放热率脉动进行实时测量。放热率及温度的测量是振荡燃烧现象的重要参数。而发动机燃烧过程与大多数燃烧现象一样,会产生大量的中间组分。这些中间产物对研究火焰的形成、发展和放热率及温度的测量有着重要的意义。 The temperature in the afterburner of modern aero-engines can reach above 2000K, while the total residual gas coefficient is reduced to about 1.1, so it is easy to produce oscillating combustion. The study of oscillatory combustion manifestations requires real-time measurements of the heat release rate fluctuations in the combustor. The measurement of heat release rate and temperature are important parameters of oscillatory combustion phenomena. The engine combustion process, like most combustion phenomena, will produce a large number of intermediate components. These intermediate products are of great significance to the study of flame formation, development and measurement of heat release rate and temperature.

目前,现有技术中效果最好的对温度进行光学测量的技术手段是平面激光诱导荧光技术(PLIF),它不仅可以检测燃烧场中一些重要的燃烧成分(如OH,O2,NO,CH等)在燃烧过程中的二维组分分布外,还可以定量测量燃烧火焰温度场分布。该技术对燃烧过程无干扰,可以进行精确测量,而且时空分辨率高(时间分辨率纳秒,空间分辨率微米量级),二维测量,具有可视性,形象直观。但是该类设备价格昂贵,很多从事燃烧方向研究的院校无力购买,而且其设备复杂,国内还无法自己生产。 At present, the best technical method for optical measurement of temperature in the existing technology is planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), which can not only detect some important combustion components (such as OH, O 2 , NO, CH etc.) In addition to the two-dimensional component distribution in the combustion process, it can also quantitatively measure the combustion flame temperature field distribution. This technology has no interference to the combustion process, can carry out precise measurement, and has high spatial and temporal resolution (time resolution nanosecond, spatial resolution micron level), two-dimensional measurement, visibility and intuitive image. But this kind of equipment is expensive, and many colleges and universities engaged in combustion research cannot afford to buy it, and the equipment is complicated and cannot be produced in China.

常规的测量手段是热电偶,热电偶成本低,适合推广应用,但是热电偶存在两个重大缺点。首先,其热电偶必须要插入流场之中,测量燃烧室中稳定器后回流区处的温度会,对流场产生较大影响;其次,不能测量动态温度变化,热电偶测量时间长,即随着温度的变化要较长的时间才能得到稳定的温度输出。 The conventional measurement method is thermocouple, which is low in cost and suitable for popularization and application, but there are two major disadvantages of thermocouple. First of all, the thermocouple must be inserted into the flow field. Measuring the temperature at the recirculation area after the stabilizer in the combustion chamber will have a great impact on the flow field; second, it cannot measure dynamic temperature changes, and the thermocouple takes a long time to measure, that is It takes a long time to get a stable temperature output as the temperature changes.

2014年08月06日,中国发明专利申请201410225315.6,公开了一种基于紫外激光吸收光谱的非接触式火焰温度及OH基浓度测量装置及测量方法,测量装置包括Nd:YAG激光器、可调谐染料激光器、小孔光阑、分束镜、一号光电探测器、二光号电探测器、燃烧器、氧气气瓶、氮气气瓶、燃料气瓶、一号流量计、二号流量计、三号流量计、预混罐、示波器、计算机。该方法可以同时定量测量火焰温度及火焰中OH自由基浓度信息,并且由于染料激光器具有非常广泛的调谐范围,其具有测量多种火焰中自由基组分的潜力,丰富了激光燃烧诊断的测量范围,给燃烧学定量研究提供了新的技术手段。2010年12月1日,中国发明专利CN101625269B,公开了一种同时监测燃烧火焰温度场和中间产物浓度二维分布的方法,包括火焰探测装置、分光装置、滤波装置、探测处理装置。火焰探测装置包括火焰窥镜装置及其前端的广角镜和冷却套筒,火焰辐射光经窥镜装置传递给分光装置,分光后经滤波装置得到四路中心波长不同的窄带光信号。该发明能够实时并同时监测火焰中间产物浓度和火焰温度场的二维分布。但上述装置和方法所使用的设备较多,实现复杂且设备价格昂贵,如激光器和CCD探测器等。 On August 06, 2014, the Chinese invention patent application 201410225315.6 disclosed a non-contact flame temperature and OH group concentration measurement device and measurement method based on ultraviolet laser absorption spectrum. The measurement device includes Nd:YAG laser, tunable dye laser , aperture diaphragm, beam splitter, No. 1 photoelectric detector, No. 2 photoelectric detector, burner, oxygen cylinder, nitrogen gas cylinder, fuel gas cylinder, No. 1 flowmeter, No. 2 flowmeter, and No. 3 Flow meters, premix tanks, oscilloscopes, computers. This method can quantitatively measure the flame temperature and the OH radical concentration information in the flame at the same time, and because the dye laser has a very wide tuning range, it has the potential to measure the free radical components in a variety of flames, which enriches the measurement range of laser combustion diagnosis , providing a new technical means for the quantitative study of combustion. On December 1, 2010, Chinese invention patent CN101625269B disclosed a method for simultaneously monitoring the temperature field of combustion flame and the two-dimensional distribution of intermediate product concentration, including a flame detection device, a spectroscopic device, a filtering device, and a detection and processing device. The flame detection device includes a flame sighting device and a wide-angle mirror at its front end and a cooling sleeve. The flame radiated light is transmitted to the spectroscopic device through the spectroscopic device, and after the splitting, the filtering device obtains four channels of narrow-band optical signals with different center wavelengths. The invention can monitor the concentration of the flame intermediate product and the two-dimensional distribution of the flame temperature field in real time and simultaneously. However, the above devices and methods use a lot of equipment, such as lasers and CCD detectors, which are complicated to implement and expensive.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术缺陷提供一种结构简单、成本低廉的火焰放热率脉动测量装置。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a flame heat release rate pulse measuring device with simple structure and low cost.

为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的一种火焰放热率脉动测量装置,包括滤光片、光电倍增管、负高压电源、放大电路和开关电源;所述滤光片设置于光电倍增管的入光口上,所述光电倍增管分别连接负高压电源和放大电路,所述放大电路连接开关电源。 In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, a kind of flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device provided by the present invention comprises optical filter, photomultiplier tube, negative high-voltage power supply, amplifying circuit and switching power supply; On the light entrance, the photomultiplier tube is respectively connected to a negative high voltage power supply and an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is connected to a switching power supply.

本发明中,所述放大电路包括两级运算放大器,所述第一级运算放大器的反相输入端引脚2连接光电倍增管,输入端引脚3接地,第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1与输入端引脚2之间连接反馈电阻R2,反馈电阻R2上并联反馈电容C3;所述第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1与第二级运算放大器的反向输入端引脚2之间连接输出电阻R7,输出电阻R7连接电阻R9的一端,电阻R9另一端连接第二级运算放大器输出端引脚1,第二级运算放大器输入端引脚3接地;第一级运算放大器和第二级运算放大器的引脚8和引脚4分别连接开关电源。 In the present invention, the amplifying circuit includes a two-stage operational amplifier, the inverting input pin 2 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to a photomultiplier tube, the input pin 3 is grounded, and the output terminal of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to a The feedback resistor R2 is connected between the pin 1 and the input pin 2, and the feedback capacitor C3 is connected in parallel on the feedback resistor R2; the output pin 1 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to the reverse input pin of the second-stage operational amplifier The output resistor R7 is connected between 2, the output resistor R7 is connected to one end of the resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the output terminal pin 1 of the second-stage operational amplifier, and the input terminal pin 3 of the second-stage operational amplifier is grounded; the first-stage operational amplifier And pin 8 and pin 4 of the second-stage operational amplifier are respectively connected to the switching power supply.

本发明中,所述第一级运算放大器和第二级运算放大器正负电源端均串联RC退耦滤波节。 In the present invention, the positive and negative power supply terminals of the first-stage operational amplifier and the second-stage operational amplifier are connected in series with RC decoupling filter sections.

本发明中,所述RC退耦滤波节包括电阻和第一电容、第二电容,所述电阻的一端连接电源,另一端连接两级运算放大器;所述第一电容与第二电容并联,其一端连接两级运算放大器,另一端接地;所述第一电容与第二电容的容量不一。 In the present invention, the RC decoupling filter section includes a resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, one end of the resistor is connected to a power supply, and the other end is connected to a two-stage operational amplifier; the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the second capacitor, and its One end is connected to two stages of operational amplifiers, and the other end is grounded; the capacity of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are different.

本发明中,所述输出电阻R7的两端分别连接电容C6、电容C7的一端,电容C6、电容C7的另一端接地,形成一π型滤波。 In the present invention, the two ends of the output resistor R7 are respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7, and the other ends of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 are grounded to form a π-type filter.

本发明中,所述滤光片的中心波长为430nm,带宽为10nm。 In the present invention, the central wavelength of the optical filter is 430nm, and the bandwidth is 10nm.

本发明中,所述光电倍增管为侧窗型光电倍增管,其波长为185nm-710nm。 In the present invention, the photomultiplier tube is a side window type photomultiplier tube with a wavelength of 185nm-710nm.

本发明的有益效果在于:(1)、本发明结构简单,价格成本低,采用无接触测量,其灵敏度高、测量精度合理,能够对加力燃烧室的火焰放热率脉动情况进行实时测量;(2)、在正负电源端连接RC退耦滤波节,电容采用一大一小容量两个并联;在输出电阻的两端各接一个电容,形成π型滤波,以减小放大器各部分电路之间通过公共直流电源产生的寄生耦合,稳定放大电路的工作,防止产生振荡和干扰;(3)、采用侧窗型光电倍增管,其对CH离子的光谱的响应效率达到85%,能将光信号转化成微安级的电流信号;(4)、选择中心波长为430nm,带宽为10nm的滤光片能够高效通过CH离子的光谱,并可滤掉其他燃烧中间产物的光谱。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1), the present invention is simple in structure, low in price and cost, adopts non-contact measurement, has high sensitivity and reasonable measurement accuracy, and can perform real-time measurement of the flame heat release rate pulsation of the afterburner; (2) Connect the RC decoupling filter section to the positive and negative power supply terminals. Two capacitors, one large and one small, are connected in parallel; one capacitor is connected to each end of the output resistor to form a π-type filter to reduce the circuit size of each part of the amplifier. The parasitic coupling generated by the public DC power supply stabilizes the work of the amplifying circuit and prevents oscillation and interference; (3), using a side window type photomultiplier tube, its response efficiency to the spectrum of CH ions reaches 85%, which can The optical signal is converted into a microampere-level current signal; (4), the filter with a center wavelength of 430nm and a bandwidth of 10nm can efficiently pass through the spectrum of CH ions, and can filter out the spectra of other combustion intermediate products.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明火焰放热率脉动测量装置结构示意图; Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of flame heat release rate pulse measuring device of the present invention;

图2为采用蜡烛为光源时的测量值,图(a) 为距离为50cm时的测量值,图(b) 距离为20cm时的测量值; Figure 2 is the measured value when candles are used as the light source, picture (a) is the measured value when the distance is 50cm, and picture (b) is the measured value when the distance is 20cm;

图3为放大电路示意图; Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of amplifying circuit;

图4为放大电路的检测波形图; Fig. 4 is the detection waveform diagram of amplifying circuit;

图5为CH离子测量结果示意图。 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of CH ion measurement results.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图以测量CH基为例对本发明作进一步详细说明。 The present invention will be further described in detail below by taking the measurement of CH groups as an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示,本发明火焰放热率脉动测量装置,包括滤光片4、光电倍增管5、负高压电源6、放大电路8和开关电源7。滤光片4贴于光电倍增管5的前端入光口处,光电倍增管5的连接负高压电源6,光电倍增管5阳极连接放大电路8,放大电路8连接开关电源7和采集计算机9。开关电源7采用现有技术中常见的能够稳定地输出正负10V电压的电源。使用时,将光电倍增管5装配在与加力燃烧室相连的连接管道3上,滤光片4介于光电倍增管5与连接管道3之间,连接管道3与加入燃烧室之间设有石英窥窗2,燃烧室内火焰1的下方,设置火焰稳定器10。 As shown in FIG. 1 , the flame heat release rate pulse measurement device of the present invention includes a filter 4 , a photomultiplier tube 5 , a negative high voltage power supply 6 , an amplifier circuit 8 and a switching power supply 7 . The optical filter 4 is attached to the front light entrance of the photomultiplier tube 5, the photomultiplier tube 5 is connected to the negative high voltage power supply 6, the anode of the photomultiplier tube 5 is connected to the amplifying circuit 8, and the amplifying circuit 8 is connected to the switching power supply 7 and the acquisition computer 9. The switching power supply 7 adopts a power supply that can stably output a voltage of plus or minus 10V that is common in the prior art. During use, the photomultiplier tube 5 is assembled on the connection pipe 3 connected to the afterburner, the optical filter 4 is between the photomultiplier tube 5 and the connection pipe 3, and a Quartz viewing window 2, below the flame 1 in the combustion chamber, a flame stabilizer 10 is arranged.

已知CH离子的光谱为431nm,在燃烧时峰值波长为435.3nm的CH离子浓度与燃烧区单位体积的放热率成正比,只要测定该波长光辐射量,就可通过测量CH离子浓度来测出放热率。所以本实施例中滤光片4选择中心波长为430nm、带宽为10nm的滤光片。因碳氢燃料的中间产物有很多,如OH基其特征波长在280nm,而C2的特征波长在516nm左右,所以该滤光片可以有效的挡住其它自由基的波长而通过CH离子的波长。滤光片的带宽越窄则单色性越好,对该其他的中间产物的光谱的过滤性越强。此外,通过选择不同中心波长的滤光片可以对其他燃烧中间产物进行测量,以适应不同的使用范围;如选择中心波长280nm的滤光片时,则可以测量OH基离子的光谱。 It is known that the spectrum of CH ions is 431nm, and the concentration of CH ions with a peak wavelength of 435.3nm during combustion is directly proportional to the heat release rate per unit volume of the combustion zone. As long as the light radiation of this wavelength is measured, it can be measured by measuring the concentration of CH ions heat release rate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the filter 4 is selected as a filter with a center wavelength of 430 nm and a bandwidth of 10 nm. Because there are many intermediate products of hydrocarbon fuels, such as the characteristic wavelength of OH group is 280nm, and the characteristic wavelength of C2 is about 516nm, so the filter can effectively block the wavelength of other free radicals and pass the wavelength of CH ion. The narrower the bandwidth of the filter, the better the monochromaticity, and the stronger the filterability of the spectrum of other intermediate products. In addition, other combustion intermediate products can be measured by selecting filters with different central wavelengths to adapt to different application ranges; for example, when selecting a filter with a central wavelength of 280nm, the spectrum of OH radical ions can be measured.

本实施例中,光电倍增管5采用R5983型侧窗型光电倍增管,其响应峰值为410nm,响应波长范围为185nm到710nm。该光电倍增管对CH离子的光谱响应灵敏度高,响应效率达到85%,可将光信号转化成微安级的电流信号。通过改变滤光片4的型号可以实现对碳氢燃料的其他中间产物进行响应。 In this embodiment, the photomultiplier tube 5 is an R5983 side-window photomultiplier tube with a response peak value of 410 nm and a response wavelength range of 185 nm to 710 nm. The photomultiplier tube has high sensitivity to the spectral response of CH ions, and the response efficiency reaches 85%, and can convert optical signals into microampere-level current signals. Responding to other intermediate products of hydrocarbon fuels can be realized by changing the type of the filter 4 .

负高压电源6能给光电倍增管5内的九级电子倍增极提供强大的电场,在相同光强时,施加的负高压越大,光电倍增管输出的电流越大,这样可以根据所测量火焰的发光强弱,来调节负高压大小,从而达到增加或减小光电倍增管输出电流的效果。对光电倍增管5的输出电流大小,以及在不同光源下的输出特性进行测量发现,在-350V的负高压下,选择蜡烛为光源时,随着光电倍增管5与光源的距离远近,输出电流经过换算在2微安到5微安左右,如图2所示。在喷枪为光源时,输出电流约为10微安。本实施例中,负高压电源6选择的负高压电源能够提供-1250V到0V的电压,以对其他燃烧中间产物进行测量。 The negative high-voltage power supply 6 can provide a strong electric field to the nine-level electron multiplier in the photomultiplier tube 5. When the light intensity is the same, the greater the negative high voltage applied, the larger the output current of the photomultiplier tube. The intensity of the luminescence is used to adjust the size of the negative high voltage, so as to achieve the effect of increasing or decreasing the output current of the photomultiplier tube. The output current of the photomultiplier tube 5 and the output characteristics under different light sources were measured, and it was found that under the negative high voltage of -350V, when candles were selected as the light source, the output current increased with the distance between the photomultiplier tube 5 and the light source. After conversion, it is about 2 microamps to 5 microamps, as shown in Figure 2. When the spray gun is the light source, the output current is about 10 microamps. In this embodiment, the negative high-voltage power supply selected by the negative high-voltage power supply 6 can provide a voltage of -1250V to 0V to measure other combustion intermediate products.

如图3所示,本发明的放大电路实现将光电倍增管5输出的微弱电流转化成电压信号,并对电压信号进行放大。包括第一级的I/U转换电路和第二级的电压放大电路。I/U转换电路包括第一级运算放大器,第一级运算放大器的反相输入端引脚2连接光电倍增管5的阳极,二者之间串接电阻R3,第一级运算放大器的输入端引脚3接地;第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1与输入端引脚2之间连接高阻值的反馈电阻R2,反馈电阻R2上并联反馈电容C3,这样第一级运放的输出U1=Iin×R2。反馈电阻R2的阻值大小应该使得第一级输出的电压大约在100mv左右。如果反馈电阻R2太小则第一级输出电压太小,容易受到外界噪音干扰,如果反馈电阻R2太大则稳定性太差,容易产生干扰;反馈电容C3一般在几十pF,而输入端的时间常数t≈R2×C3,当反馈电容C3=10pF时,若t=1μs。由于输入电阻和电容的积分作用,输入信号变化时输出信号需要5t才能稳定。所以该电路板的测量时间为5μs,测量频率为200kHz。而火焰的脉动频率大约为200Hz左右,所以该放大电路能够满足火焰测量队频率的要求。第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1连接输出电阻R7,输出电阻R7的两端分别连接电容C6、电容C7的一端,电容C6、电容C7的另一端接地,形成一π型滤波。第一级运算放大器输入端引脚8连接电阻R1一端,电阻R1另一端连接开关电源正极,电容C1和电容C2并联,其一端连接第一级运算放大器输入端引脚8,另一端接地,形成RC退耦滤波节;本实施例中,电容C1的容量为0.01μF,电容C2的容量为47μF。同样,第一级运算放大器输入端引脚4连接电阻R4一端,电阻R4另一端连接开关电源负极,电容C4和电容C5并联,其一端连接第一级运算放大器输入端引脚4,另一端接地,形成RC退耦滤波节;本实施例中,电容C4的容量为0.01μF,电容C5的容量为47μF。 As shown in FIG. 3 , the amplifying circuit of the present invention converts the weak current output by the photomultiplier tube 5 into a voltage signal and amplifies the voltage signal. It includes the I/U conversion circuit of the first stage and the voltage amplification circuit of the second stage. The I/U conversion circuit includes a first-stage operational amplifier, the inverting input terminal pin 2 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to the anode of the photomultiplier tube 5, a resistor R3 is connected in series between the two, and the input terminal of the first-stage operational amplifier Pin 3 is grounded; a high-resistance feedback resistor R2 is connected between the output pin 1 and the input pin 2 of the first-stage operational amplifier, and the feedback capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the feedback resistor R2, so that the output of the first-stage operational amplifier U1=Iin×R2. The resistance value of the feedback resistor R2 should make the output voltage of the first stage about 100mv. If the feedback resistor R2 is too small, the output voltage of the first stage is too small, which is easily disturbed by external noise. If the feedback resistor R2 is too large, the stability is too poor and interference is likely to occur; the feedback capacitor C3 is generally tens of pF, and the time at the input end The constant t≈R2×C3, when the feedback capacitor C3=10pF, if t=1μs. Due to the integral effect of the input resistance and capacitance, the output signal needs 5t to be stable when the input signal changes. So the measurement time of this circuit board is 5μs, and the measurement frequency is 200kHz. The pulse frequency of the flame is about 200Hz, so the amplifier circuit can meet the frequency requirements of the flame measurement team. The output terminal pin 1 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to the output resistor R7, the two ends of the output resistor R7 are respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7, and the other end of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 is grounded to form a π-type filter. The input pin 8 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive pole of the switching power supply, the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in parallel, one end is connected to the input pin 8 of the first-stage operational amplifier, and the other end is grounded, forming RC decoupling filter section; in this embodiment, the capacity of the capacitor C1 is 0.01 μF, and the capacity of the capacitor C2 is 47 μF. Similarly, the input pin 4 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the negative pole of the switching power supply, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 are connected in parallel, one end of which is connected to the input pin 4 of the first-stage operational amplifier, and the other end is grounded , forming an RC decoupling filter section; in this embodiment, the capacity of the capacitor C4 is 0.01 μF, and the capacity of the capacitor C5 is 47 μF.

电压放大电路包括第二级运算放大器,第二级运算放大器的反向输入端引脚2之间连接输出电阻R7,输出电阻R7同时连接电阻R9的一端,电阻R9另一端连接第二级运算放大器输出端引脚1,信号从第二级放大器输出端引脚1输出。电阻R9/输出R7的倍数就是第二级运算放大器对第一级信号的放大倍数,一般放大倍数在10到30倍左右。第二级运算放大器输入端引脚3连接电阻R6,电阻R6接地。第二级运算放大器输入端引脚8连接电阻R8一端,电阻R8另一端连接开关电源正极,电容C8和电容C9并联,其一端连接第二级运算放大器输入端引脚8,另一端接地,形成RC退耦滤波节;本实施例中,电容C8的容量为0.01μF,电容C9的容量为47μF。同样,第二级运算放大器输入端引脚4连接电阻R5一端,电阻R5另一端连接开关电源负极,电容C10和电容C11并联,其一端连接第二级运算放大器输入端引脚4,另一端接地,形成RC退耦滤波节;本实施例中,电容C10的容量为0.01μF,电容C11的容量为47μF。 The voltage amplifying circuit includes a second-stage operational amplifier, the output resistor R7 is connected between the reverse input terminal pin 2 of the second-stage operational amplifier, and the output resistor R7 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 at the same time, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the second-stage operational amplifier Output terminal pin 1, the signal is output from the output terminal pin 1 of the second-stage amplifier. The multiple of the resistor R9/output R7 is the magnification of the first-stage signal by the second-stage operational amplifier, and the general magnification is about 10 to 30 times. The pin 3 of the input terminal of the second-stage operational amplifier is connected to the resistor R6, and the resistor R6 is grounded. The input pin 8 of the second-stage operational amplifier is connected to one end of the resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the positive pole of the switching power supply. RC decoupling filter section; in this embodiment, the capacity of capacitor C8 is 0.01 μF, and the capacity of capacitor C9 is 47 μF. Similarly, the input terminal pin 4 of the second-stage operational amplifier is connected to one end of the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the negative pole of the switching power supply, the capacitor C10 and the capacitor C11 are connected in parallel, one end is connected to the input terminal pin 4 of the second-stage operational amplifier, and the other end is grounded , forming an RC decoupling filter section; in this embodiment, the capacity of the capacitor C10 is 0.01 μF, and the capacity of the capacitor C11 is 47 μF.

本实施例中,第一级运算放大器和第二级运算放大器均采用LM358运算放大器。分别与开关电源连接RC退耦滤波节,电容采用一大一小两个并联,其中小电容对高频电流脉冲滤波效果好;在输出电阻R7的两端各接一个电容,形成π型滤波;通过上述设置可减小放大器各部分电路之间通过公共直流电源产生的寄生耦合,稳定放大电路的工作,防止产生振荡和干扰。最后,在工艺上应该尽量采用同一种导线,再输入段应该用高绝缘噪声的电缆并尽量短,电路板及电线应避免机械变形。 In this embodiment, both the first-stage operational amplifier and the second-stage operational amplifier are LM358 operational amplifiers. Connect the RC decoupling filter section with the switching power supply respectively. The capacitors are connected in parallel with one large capacitor and one small capacitor. The small capacitor has a good effect on high-frequency current pulse filtering; connect a capacitor at both ends of the output resistor R7 to form a π-type filter; The above settings can reduce the parasitic coupling generated by the public DC power supply between the parts of the amplifier, stabilize the operation of the amplifier circuit, and prevent oscillation and interference. Finally, the same kind of wire should be used as much as possible in the process, and the input section should use a cable with high insulation noise and be as short as possible. The circuit board and wires should avoid mechanical deformation.

放大电路的性能好坏直接决定背景噪音的强弱,以及输出信号的大小。根据光电倍增管输出电流的范围,我们首先选择反馈电阻R2的大小,然后根据测量的频率来选择反馈电容C3的大小。如图4所示,采用示波器对放大电路进行检测,检验发现放大电路的背景噪音在0.1V左右,而采集计算机9上的信号采集卡的测量范围为10V。根据信号强度和采集卡的量程选择第二级的放大倍数在10倍,将该放大电路代入整个测量系统中进行检验,以满足转换放大要求。 The performance of the amplifier circuit directly determines the strength of the background noise and the size of the output signal. According to the range of the output current of the photomultiplier tube, we first select the size of the feedback resistor R2, and then select the size of the feedback capacitor C3 according to the measured frequency. As shown in Fig. 4, the amplifying circuit is detected by an oscilloscope, and it is found that the background noise of the amplifying circuit is about 0.1V, while the measuring range of the signal acquisition card on the acquisition computer 9 is 10V. According to the signal strength and the range of the acquisition card, the amplification factor of the second stage is selected to be 10 times, and the amplification circuit is substituted into the entire measurement system for inspection to meet the conversion amplification requirements.

如图1所示,将火焰放热率脉动测量装置应用到加力燃烧室的热声耦合实验台中,滤光片4通过石英窥窗2获取火焰并挡住其它自由基的波长仅通过CH离子的波长,在光电倍增管5对CH离子的的光谱进行响应在同时,负高压电源6对光电倍增管5内的九级电子倍增极施加负高压,控制光电倍增管输出电流;放大电路实现将光电倍增管5输出的微弱电流转化成电压信号,并对电压信号进行放大后输出到采集计算机9,进行分析处理。如图5所示,采集计算机9得到的CH离子波形与加力燃烧室压力波形基本保持一致。 As shown in Figure 1, the flame heat release rate pulsation measurement device is applied to the thermoacoustic coupling experimental bench of the afterburner, the filter 4 captures the flame through the quartz window 2 and blocks the wavelength of other free radicals and only passes through the CH ion wavelength, while the photomultiplier tube 5 responds to the spectrum of the CH ion, the negative high voltage power supply 6 applies a negative high voltage to the nine-stage electron multiplier in the photomultiplier tube 5 to control the output current of the photomultiplier tube; the amplifying circuit realizes the photoelectric multiplier The weak current output by the multiplier tube 5 is converted into a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is amplified and then output to the acquisition computer 9 for analysis and processing. As shown in Fig. 5, the CH ion waveform obtained by the acquisition computer 9 is basically consistent with the afterburner pressure waveform.

以上实施例仅是该测量装置的一种用法,在其基础上通过改变滤光片的过滤波长范围还可以对其他燃烧中间产物进行测量如OH基,或者用单色仪等分光设备进行分光也可以达到相似效果。所以,在不脱离本发明的原理前提下,对该测量装置的改进和润饰也应该在本发明的保护范围。 Above embodiment is only a kind of usage of this measurement device, can also measure other combustion intermediate products such as OH group by changing the filtering wavelength range of optical filter on its basis, or carry out spectroscopic analysis with spectroscopic equipment such as monochromator A similar effect can be achieved. Therefore, without departing from the principle of the present invention, improvements and modifications to the measuring device should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:包括滤光片、光电倍增管、负高压电源、放大电路和开关电源;所述滤光片设置于光电倍增管的入光口上,所述光电倍增管分别连接负高压电源和放大电路,所述放大电路连接开关电源。 1. a flame heat release rate pulse measuring device is characterized in that: comprise optical filter, photomultiplier tube, negative high-voltage power supply, amplifying circuit and switching power supply; Described optical filter is arranged on the light entrance of photomultiplier tube, The photomultiplier tubes are respectively connected to a negative high voltage power supply and an amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit is connected to a switching power supply. 2.根据权利要求1所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述放大电路包括两级运算放大器,所述第一级运算放大器的反相输入端引脚2连接光电倍增管,输入端引脚3接地,第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1与输入端引脚2之间连接反馈电阻R2,反馈电阻R2上并联反馈电容C3;所述第一级运算放大器的输出端引脚1与第二级运算放大器的反向输入端引脚2之间连接输出电阻R7,输出电阻R7连接电阻R9的一端,电阻R9另一端连接第二级运算放大器输出端引脚1,第二级运算放大器输入端引脚3接地;第一级运算放大器和第二级运算放大器的引脚8和引脚4分别连接开关电源。 2. The flame heat release rate pulse measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the amplifying circuit comprises a two-stage operational amplifier, and the inverting input terminal pin 2 of the first-stage operational amplifier is connected to a photomultiplier tube , the input terminal pin 3 is grounded, the feedback resistor R2 is connected between the output terminal pin 1 and the input terminal pin 2 of the first-stage operational amplifier, and the feedback capacitor C3 is connected in parallel on the feedback resistor R2; the output of the first-stage operational amplifier The output resistor R7 is connected between the terminal pin 1 and the reverse input terminal pin 2 of the second-stage operational amplifier, the output resistor R7 is connected to one end of the resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the output terminal pin 1 of the second-stage operational amplifier. The pin 3 of the input terminal of the second-stage operational amplifier is grounded; the pins 8 and 4 of the first-stage operational amplifier and the second-stage operational amplifier are respectively connected to the switching power supply. 3.根据权利要求2所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述第一级运算放大器和第二级运算放大器正负电源端均串联RC退耦滤波节。 3. The flame heat release rate pulse measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the positive and negative power supply terminals of the first-stage operational amplifier and the second-stage operational amplifier are connected in series with RC decoupling filter sections. 4.根据权利要求3所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述RC退耦滤波节包括电阻和第一电容、第二电容,所述电阻的一端连接电源,另一端连接两级运算放大器;所述第一电容与第二电容并联,其一端连接两级运算放大器,另一端接地;所述第一电容与第二电容的容量不一。 4. Flame heat release rate pulse measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: said RC decoupling filter section comprises a resistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, one end of said resistor is connected to a power supply, and the other end is connected to A two-stage operational amplifier; the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel, one end of which is connected to the two-stage operational amplifier, and the other end is grounded; the capacities of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are different. 5.根据权利要求2、3或4所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述输出电阻R7的两端分别连接电容C6、电容C7的一端,电容C6、电容C7的另一端接地,形成一π型滤波。 5. The flame heat release rate pulse measuring device according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: the two ends of the output resistor R7 are respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7, and the other end of the capacitor C6 and the capacitor C7 One end is grounded to form a π-type filter. 6.根据权利要求5所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述滤光片的中心波长为430nm,带宽为10nm。 6. The flame heat release rate pulsation measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the central wavelength of the filter is 430nm, and the bandwidth is 10nm. 7.根据权利要求6所述的火焰放热率脉动测量装置,其特征在于:所述光电倍增管为侧窗型光电倍增管,其波长为185nm-710nm。 7. The flame heat release rate pulsation measurement device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the photomultiplier tube is a side window type photomultiplier tube with a wavelength of 185nm-710nm.
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郑群生 等: "《基于光电倍增管的弱电检测电路设计》", 《电子世界》 *

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109187515A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-01-11 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Combustion heat release rate measuring method based on dual-waveband chemiluminescence
CN115728243A (en) * 2022-11-16 2023-03-03 南京航空航天大学 Device and method for collecting CH*/OH* intensity changes in high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-pressure combustion chambers

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Application publication date: 20151007