CN104964639B - A kind of country rock strain-Sensing device and method based on micro- capacitance detecting - Google Patents
A kind of country rock strain-Sensing device and method based on micro- capacitance detecting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104964639B CN104964639B CN201510379126.9A CN201510379126A CN104964639B CN 104964639 B CN104964639 B CN 104964639B CN 201510379126 A CN201510379126 A CN 201510379126A CN 104964639 B CN104964639 B CN 104964639B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention is for current borehole survey surrouding rock stress sensor and the problems such as degree of coupling is inadequate, measurement direction is single that drill, there is provided a kind of fast and accurately country rock strain-Sensing device and method.This method carries out good coupling using sensor and drilling country rock, country rock can be strained and be measured in real time, while measure three dimensional strain situation.The advantages of this method of testing is installation and simple to operate, convenient, and measurement is accurate, can monitor in real time.
Description
Technical field
It is especially a kind of to be based on micro- capacitance detecting the present invention relates to a kind of detection means and method suitable for underground coal mine
Country rock strain-Sensing device and method.
Background technology
Water bursting in mine is one of five big dynamic disaster of colliery, caused by disaster damage in colliery is directly ranked with indirect economic loss
Lose the first.Under the influence of adopting surrouding rock stress and being subsurface excavation activity, original crustal stress balance is broken, and in country rock space weight
Secondary stress after new distribution.After adopting generation, country rock space redistribution, rock mass deforms.Some possess loose structure
Rock mass deformed upon in the presence of gravity, surrouding rock stress and underground water, cause the destruction of country rock.Strained by detecting country rock
Situation can provide certain foundation for prediction water bursting disaster.
In practical application, the mode of monitoring mine water inrush, ore deposit pressure protrusion, crustal stress etc. typically uses borehole test method, its
General principle is that sensor is goed deep into foot of hole simultaneously into the place for needing to measure in measurement point construction drill, drilling depth
It is fixed after hole wall contact to complete installation.The Fundamentals of Sensors of borehole test include type vibration wire, flat jack formula and strain-type, belong to
In rigid package body stress meter.
The above sensor have one it is common the shortcomings that, that is, the degree of coupling of sensor and the wall of a borehole determines
The order of accuarcy of measurement.Under normal circumstances, drilling construction is completed to be put into sensor initial stage, and drilling surrounding rock body keeps complete, do not had
It is subjected to displacement or deformation, now, sensor is unable to good contact with the wall of a borehole.Only when drilling surrounding rock body in gravity, enclose
Deformed upon in the presence of rock stress, underground water etc., be mobile, in addition rupture, after rock mass completely attaches to sensor, sensor
Accurate it could measure stress value.In addition, these sensors can only detect the stress on single direction, it is impossible to measure three
Tie up stress situation.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of device and method that can accurately detect country rock strain is worked out, so as to solve existing skill
Above mentioned problem among art.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be for current borehole survey surrouding rock stress sensor with drilling the degree of coupling not enough, measurement direction
The problems such as single, there is provided a kind of fast and accurately country rock strain-Sensing device and method.This method is enclosed using sensor and drilling
Rock carries out good coupling, country rock can be strained and be measured in real time, while measure three dimensional strain situation.This method of testing
Advantage is installation and simple to operate, convenient, and measurement is accurate, can monitor in real time.
A kind of country rock strain-Sensing device based on micro- capacitance detecting is claimed in the present invention, and the device includes strain sensing
Device, capacitive detection module, data processing module, wherein:
Strain transducer includes top crown, carrier, intermediate medium, bottom crown;
Bottom crown and top crown face and area equation, top crown is an entirety, and bottom crown is divided into n parts;Upper and lower pole
Plate is screwed on carrier, is bonded completely with cylindrical vector;Carrier is hollow cylinder, by with preferable elastic
And the material with good crushing resistance is formed;Intermediate medium injects strain transducer by compression pump, wherein, intermediate medium have compared with
Big relative dielectric constant;Top crown, carrier, intermediate medium, bottom crown form n electric capacity pair.
Capacitive detection module, including capacitance detecting chips and peripheral circuit, for detecting and calculating the capacitance of electric capacity pair,
And it is sent to data processing module;
Wherein, the capacitance calculation formula of electric capacity pair is
Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant of medium between capacitor plate;D represents two parallel plate distances;S represents two parallel poles
Plate relative area;
From formula as can be seen that the output capacitance of plane-parallel capacitor is inversely proportional with pole plate spacing, the right opposite between pole plate
Product is directly proportional;
Data processing module, for feeding back country rock strained situation according to capacitance.
Wherein, the detailed process of feedback country rock strained situation is:To n electric capacity of top crown and bottom crown composition to carrying out
Combination, measures its combination capacitor changing value, draws multiple electric capacity and displacement, the equation of facing area, obtained by solving equation group
Go out the three-dimensional coordinate of top crown, so as to draw three dimensional strain situation.
A kind of strain of the country rock based on micro- capacitance detecting being applied in above-mentioned detection means is also claimed in the present invention
Detection method, comprise the following steps:
S101, a measurement drilling of being constructed in space rock mass is adopted, strain transducer is put into wherein;
S102, strain transducer connection compression pump, compression pump injects intermediate medium into strain transducer, when sensor is swollen
It is swollen to after the wall of a borehole good coupling, stop injection, unload compression pump;
S103, strain transducer is opened, start to detect country rock strained situation.When being strained inside country rock, it is applied to
On strain transducer, cause the capacitance variation of the electric capacity pair on sensor, electric capacity pair is detected by capacitive detection module
Electric capacity change value, and handled, draw country rock strained situation.
S104, after test terminates, shutoff device power supply, the intermediate medium that valve bleeds off sensor internal is opened, from drilling
Middle taking-up strain transducer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Country rock strain-Sensing device and method based on micro- capacitance detecting realize carries out real-time, various dimensions to country rock strain
Measurement.It is of the invention compared with existing country rock strain testing technology:Simple to operate, sensor is good with wall rock drill-hole coupling, can
Continuously to measure three dimensional strain and carry out timely collection, drilling country rock strained situation can be reflected, predicted for underground coal mine
The geological disasters such as gushing water, ore deposit shake provide important evidence.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the country rock strain-Sensing device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of strain transducer in device of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the top view of middle strain transducer in device of the invention;
Fig. 4 be sensor put drilling in schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that sensor is bonded with drilling;
Bottom crown numbering schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is n=12.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not limit
Qualitatively, it is impossible to which protection scope of the present invention is limited with this.
Technical principle:The calculation formula of plane-parallel capacitor capacitance is
Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant of medium between capacitor plate;D represents two parallel plate distances;S represents two parallel poles
Plate relative area.
From formula as can be seen that the output capacitance of plane-parallel capacitor is inversely proportional with pole plate spacing, the right opposite between pole plate
Product is directly proportional, i.e., when a positive pressure is when on plane-parallel capacitor, plane-parallel capacitor distance between polar plate changes,
Output capacitance is caused to change;When a shearing force is carried on plane-parallel capacitor, pole plate facing area changes,
Output capacitance is caused to change.
The present invention using this feature of plane-parallel capacitor, selects suitable material as intermediate medium, invention one
Country rock strain-Sensing device of the kind based on micro- capacitance detecting.When the country rock that drills deforms, stress causes on pole plate
Distance between polar plate or pole plate facing area change, and many electric capacity pair are disposed with sensor, by measuring electric capacity pair
Capacitance variation, and then it is finally inversed by drilling country rock strained situation.
Make further be situated between below by way of Fig. 1-3 pairs of country rock strain-Sensing devices based on micro- capacitance detecting of the invention
Continue.
The present invention provides a kind of country rock strain-Sensing device 100 based on micro- capacitance detecting, and the device includes strain sensing
Device 101, capacitive detection module 102, data processing module 103, wherein:
Strain transducer 101 includes top crown 1001, carrier 1004, intermediate medium 1005, bottom crown 1002;
Bottom crown 1002 and the face of top crown 1001 and area equation, top crown 1001 are an entirety, bottom crown 1002
It is divided into n parts;Upper and lower pole plate screw 1003 is fixed on carrier 1004, is bonded completely with cylindrical vector;Carrier 1004 is
Hollow cylinder, by being formed with preferable elastic and with good crushing resistance material;Intermediate medium 1005 is by compression pump
Strain transducer 101 is injected, wherein, intermediate medium has larger relative dielectric constant.Top crown 1001, carrier 1004, in
Between medium 1005, bottom crown 1002 form n electric capacity pair.
Capacitive detection module 102, including capacitance detecting chips and peripheral circuit, for detecting and calculating the electric capacity of electric capacity pair
Value, and it is sent to data processing module 103;
Wherein, the capacitance calculation formula of electric capacity pair is
Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant of medium between capacitor plate;D represents two parallel plate distances;S represents two parallel poles
Plate relative area.
From formula as can be seen that the output capacitance of plane-parallel capacitor is inversely proportional with pole plate spacing, the right opposite between pole plate
Product is directly proportional, i.e., when a positive pressure is when on plane-parallel capacitor, plane-parallel capacitor distance between polar plate changes,
Output capacitance is caused to change;When a shearing force is carried on plane-parallel capacitor, pole plate facing area changes,
Output capacitance is caused to change.
Data processing module 103, for feeding back country rock strained situation according to capacitance.
Wherein, the detailed process of feedback country rock strained situation is:To n electric capacity of top crown and bottom crown composition to carrying out
Combination, measures its combination capacitor changing value, draws multiple electric capacity and displacement, the equation of facing area, obtained by solving equation group
Go out the three-dimensional coordinate of top crown, so as to draw three dimensional strain situation.
The step of three dimensional strain is calculated to measurement combination capacitor below is illustrated:
N=12 is taken, bottom crown n parts form n electric capacity pair with top crown, and n part of bottom crown is numbered such as Fig. 6
It is shown.
(1) combine:
1. removing 2 adjacent electric capacity of pole plate from n electric capacity centering to be combined, for example it is combined to 1,2,1,5 enter
Row combination;
2. remove 4 adjacent electric capacity of pole plate from n electric capacity centering to be combined, for example 1,2,5,6 are combined, 2,3,
6th, 7 it is combined;
3. remove 6 adjacent electric capacity of pole plate from n electric capacity centering to be combined, for example 1,2,3,5,6,7 are combined;
4. from n electric capacity centering 9 adjacent electric capacity of pole plate are removed to be combined, such as 1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11
It is combined.
(2) measure:
1. in measurement between bottom crown n electric capacity capacitance;
2. measure the capacitance of combination capacitor;
(3) choosing is deleted:
The capacitance measured is carried out deleting choosing, selects the capacitance in the range ability of measuring circuit subsequently to be counted
Calculate;
(4) calculate:
Established an equation to deleting the capacitance selected, draw electric capacity and displacement, the equation group of facing area, solved optimal solution and draw
Three-dimensional country rock strained situation.
The application be also claimed it is a kind of be applied to country rock strain-Sensing device as described above in based on micro- electric capacity examine
The country rock strain detecting method of survey, comprises the following steps:
S101, a measurement drilling of being constructed in space rock mass is adopted, strain transducer is put into wherein, as shown in Figure 4;
S102, strain transducer connection compression pump, compression pump injects intermediate medium into strain transducer, when sensor is swollen
It is swollen to after the wall of a borehole good coupling, stop injection, unload compression pump, as shown in Figure 5;
S103, strain transducer is opened, start to detect country rock strained situation.When being strained inside country rock, it is applied to
On strain transducer, cause the capacitance variation of the electric capacity pair on sensor, electric capacity pair is detected by capacitive detection module
Electric capacity change value, and handled, draw country rock strained situation.
S104, after test terminates, shutoff device power supply, the intermediate medium that valve bleeds off sensor internal is opened, from drilling
Middle taking-up strain transducer.
It should be appreciated that the application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can
To be improved or converted according to the above description, all these modifications and variations should all belong to the guarantor of appended claims of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of country rock strain-Sensing device based on micro- capacitance detecting, the device include strain transducer, capacitive detection module,
Data processing module, wherein:
Strain transducer includes top crown, carrier, intermediate medium, bottom crown;
Bottom crown and top crown face and area equation, top crown is an entirety, and bottom crown is divided into n parts;Upper and lower pole plate is used
Screw is fixed on carrier, is bonded completely with cylindrical vector;Carrier is hollow cylinder, by with preferable elastic and tool
The material for having good crushing resistance is formed;Intermediate medium injects strain transducer by compression pump, wherein, intermediate medium has larger
Relative dielectric constant;Top crown, carrier, intermediate medium, bottom crown form n plane-parallel capacitor;
Capacitive detection module, including capacitance detecting chips and peripheral circuit, for detecting and calculating the electric capacity of plane-parallel capacitor
Value, and it is sent to data processing module;
Wherein, the capacitance calculation formula of plane-parallel capacitor is
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
</mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant of medium between capacitor plate;D represents two parallel plate distances;S is representing two parallel plate electrodes just
To area;
From formula as can be seen that the output capacitance of plane-parallel capacitor is inversely proportional with pole plate spacing, between pole plate facing area into
Direct ratio;
Data processing module, for feeding back country rock strained situation according to capacitance;
Wherein, the detailed process of feedback country rock strained situation is:The n plane-parallel capacitor formed to top crown with bottom crown enters
Row combination, measures its combination capacitor changing value, multiple electric capacity and displacement, the equation of facing area is drawn, by solving equation group
The three-dimensional coordinate of top crown is drawn, so as to draw three dimensional strain situation.
A kind of 2. country rock strain detecting side based on micro- capacitance detecting being applied in detection means as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S101, a measurement drilling of being constructed in space rock mass is adopted, strain transducer is put into wherein;
S102, strain transducer connection compression pump, compression pump injects intermediate medium into strain transducer, when sensor is expanded to
After the wall of a borehole good coupling, stop injection, unload compression pump;
S103, strain transducer is opened, start to detect country rock strained situation;When being strained inside country rock, strain is applied to
On sensor, cause the capacitance variation of the plane-parallel capacitor on sensor, parallel-plate is detected by capacitive detection module
The electric capacity change value of capacitor, and handled, draw country rock strained situation;
S104, after test terminates, shutoff device power supply, the intermediate medium that valve bleeds off sensor internal is opened, is taken from drilling
Go out strain transducer.
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CN201510379126.9A CN104964639B (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | A kind of country rock strain-Sensing device and method based on micro- capacitance detecting |
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CN105699787B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-07-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal petrography dielectric constant measurement method based on impedance analyzer |
CN105783696A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-07-20 | 天津大学 | Strain sensor based on flexible capacitor and manufacturing and test method thereof |
CN108801342A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-13 | 中山大学 | A kind of embedded Multi-parameter sensing measuring equipment |
CN113218838B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-05-05 | 江西理工大学 | Coal core permeability tester and measuring method |
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CN104236446A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-12-24 | 珠海市泰德企业有限公司 | Drilling multi-component strain measurement head |
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CN1200804A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1998-12-02 | 华盛顿卡内基研究所 | Strain monitoring system |
CN2676143Y (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-02-02 | 池顺良 | Multi component isoplanar radial displacement type boring strain gauge |
DE102005047659A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-12 | Jäger, Frank-Michael | Strain measuring device e.g. for mountains, has ultrasonic sensors provided in boreholes and measurement of ultrasonic parameters does not directly take place in mountains but in borehole probes which record strain |
CN101435747A (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2009-05-20 | 大连理工大学 | Design method of multi-direction coupling slit gauge based on strain dynamic measurement |
CN201964871U (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-09-07 | 欧阳祖熙 | Capacitive displacement sensor and component-type borehole strain meter adopting same |
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