CN104959609A - Preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part - Google Patents
Preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part Download PDFInfo
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- CN104959609A CN104959609A CN201510305220.XA CN201510305220A CN104959609A CN 104959609 A CN104959609 A CN 104959609A CN 201510305220 A CN201510305220 A CN 201510305220A CN 104959609 A CN104959609 A CN 104959609A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a copper-base powder metallurgy part. According to the method, the advantages of a powder metallurgy technology and metal extrusion forming are combined, and extrusion male dies of different structures are used, so that various parts with complicated shapes are manufactured by extrusion after being sintered, while in the prior art, an expensive CNC (Computer Numerical Control) pressing machine needs to be used to manufacture parts of complicated shapes. The preparation method is low in preparation cost; since in the extrusion process, a material flows along with the movement of the male dies, the density of a partial region of the powder metallurgy part is improved, the prepared powder metallurgy part has relatively high precision and intensity, and the application field of power metallurgy is expanded; since the shape of a workblank part which is formed by adopting the powder metallurgy technology is close to the shape of a final product, the extrusion margin is small, the loss of the dies is small, and the service life of the dies is prolonged to a certain extent; and meanwhile, the preparation method is simple and the production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgical technology, specifically refer to a kind of preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part.
Background technology
Along with industrial expansion, more and more higher to the requirement of part, by the impact of the aspects such as cost, delivery cycle and noise, the part of machining is often difficult to meet the demands.Powder metallurgy is a technology that can manufacture complex shape part, has the advantages that to save raw material, energy-conservation, saving of labor, is suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
At present, the material that copper-base powder metallurgy technology often rubs mainly for the production of bearing etc., is rarely used in other constitutional detail, and this is because the part performance of copper-base powder metallurgy technology production in prior art is relatively low, and cost costly.Adopt the repressing and re-sintering technique of shaping-presintering-multiple pressure-double sintering can improve the density of powdered metal parts, wherein, pre-burning has two effects.On the one hand, the powder of work hardening when being shaped is annealed, reduce the yield strength of copper powder particle, when being beneficial to secondary compacting, improve density; On the other hand, the organic lubricant in product is deviate from.Lubricant can occupy larger space in the product, and because the density of organic lubricant is lower, during shaping, these lubricants are difficult to compression, cause the raising of powdered metal parts density to be restricted.After presintering, the lubricant of more than 95% can both be deviate from, and the position that during pressure, lubricant occupies so again just can be compressed, and is conducive to the density improving powdered metal parts.But, for complex-shaped part, need during shaping to use expensive CNC press, and be difficult to when pressing again make the densification of each step or be difficult to select fine and close position.
The powdered metal parts of other material mostly adopts the modes such as powder process, mixing, jacket, extruding (forging), machining to produce, the better performances of part, even exceed the part of directly forging, but, the manufacturing process of part is long, manufacturing cost is high, and the manufacture of part is not near-net-shape technique, the advantage of powder metallurgical technique can not get fully playing.For electromechanical applications part, traditional method is all shaped by machining.At present, the main machining method of machined part has copper material be directly shaped by the method for machining and passed through cold-extrusion shaping.Wherein, the method operation of machining is long, utilization rate of raw materials is low, and utilization rate of raw materials, greatly between 40 ~ 60%, causes the production cost of product high, and the uniformity of product is poor, production efficiency is low, be difficult to meet the requirement of producing the good product of uniformity in enormous quantities.And adopt cold-stamped method to be shaped, generally need warm forging base, then cold-extrusion shaping, the method can make the utilization rate of material reach about 90%, and production efficiency is higher, but, cold-stamped method is comparatively large to mould loss, there is the problem that production cost is high equally.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation for prior art, a kind of preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part is provided, the method processing step is simple, preparation cost is low, efficiency is high, little to mould loss, and prepared powdered metal parts has higher precision and intensity.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material to comprise 0 ~ 1.0% carbon, 0 ~ 15% tin, 0 ~ 25% nickel, 0 ~ 30% zinc, 0 ~ 6% bismuth, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.1 ~ 1% in this mixed powder;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure being greater than 300MPa, being pressed into density is 6.0 ~ 7.4g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in non-oxidizing atmosphere by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 700 ~ 1090 DEG C, and sintering time is 5 ~ 180min;
(5) extrude: extruded by step (4) gained part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 1 ~ 30mm.
As preferably, after step (4) completes, before step (5) starts, in non-oxidizing atmosphere, carry out annealing in process to the part green compact after sintering, annealing process is identical with congruent copper alloy.
Preferably, the copper described in step (1) adds with any one or multiple form in copper powder, Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Cu-Bi alloy, can certainly add with the form of the multicomponent alloy of copper.
Preferably, in the extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and it is 125 ° ~ 130 ° coniform that described guide section is shaped to coning angle.
Preferably, in extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, described guide section is shaped to the circular cone shape that upper end is large, lower end is little, and between the hypotenuse of this frustum of a cone section and base, formed acute angle is 3 ° ~ 5 °.
Preferably, in the extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and described guide section from top to bottom end face diameter reduces and side is shaped to arc surface gradually.
Adopt the structure of above-mentioned extruding punch, single or double extruding can be carried out as required to part green compact, on part green compact, squeeze out required various complicated face shape by the mode of extruding after sintering, and in prior art, need expensive CNC forming machine just can complete.
Preferably, described non-oxidizing atmosphere refers to the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of vacuum environment or hydrogeneous 1 ~ 75vol%.
As preferably, before part green compact being extruded in step (5), first part green compact are preheated to temperature higher than room temperature lower than 900 DEG C, to reduce squeeze pressure, reduce the wearing and tearing to mould.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
Present invention incorporates the advantage of powder metallurgical technique and metallic extrusion molding, by using the extruding punch of different structure, can extrude after sintering and make various complex-shaped part, and prepare complex-shaped part in prior art and need to use expensive CNC press, preparation method's preparation cost of the present invention is lower;
Meanwhile, due in extrusion process, along with the movement of punch, material flows, thus improves the density of powdered metal parts subregion, makes prepared powdered metal parts have higher precision and intensity, has expanded the application of powder metallurgy;
The blank part shape be shaped owing to adopting powder metallurgical technique is comparatively close to the shape of final products, and therefore extruding allowance is little, little to the loss of mould, and the life-span extending mould is to a certain extent longer;
In addition, preparation method of the present invention is simple, and can adjust preparation process flexibly according to designed material component, production efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation extruding punch in the embodiment of the present invention 1,2;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation extruding punch in the embodiment of the present invention 3,4;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation extruding punch in the embodiment of the present invention 5,6;
Fig. 4 be extrude in Fig. 1 punch carry out one side extruding time structural representation;
Fig. 5 extrudes structural representation when punch carries out two-sided extrusion in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 be extrude in Fig. 2 punch carry out one side extruding time structural representation;
Fig. 7 extrudes structural representation when punch carries out two-sided extrusion in Fig. 2;
Fig. 8 be extrude in Fig. 3 punch carry out one side extruding time structural representation;
Fig. 9 extrudes structural representation when punch carries out two-sided extrusion in Fig. 3.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: 0.15% carbon, 15% tin, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.1% in this mixed powder; Wherein, carbon adds with graphite powder state, and copper is atomized copper powder;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 400MPa, being pressed into density is 6.0g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere at hydrogeneous 1vol% by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 700 DEG C, and sintering time is 180min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 50 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 4mm; As shown in Figure 1, the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and it is 125 ° coniform that guide section is shaped to cone angle alpha; As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 a, 4b, 4c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to one side extruding, wherein, 4a ', 4b ', 4c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of one side extruding, 4a according to difference ", 4b ", 4c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to one side extruding according to difference.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.8% in this mixed powder; Copper is atomized copper powder;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 500MPa, being pressed into density is 6.8g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 10vol% by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 1050 DEG C, and sintering time is 5min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 100 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 10mm; As shown in Figure 1, the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and it is 130 ° coniform that guide section is shaped to cone angle alpha; As shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to two-sided extrusion, wherein, 5a ', 5b ', 5c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of two-sided extrusion, 5a according to difference ", 5b ", 5c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to two-sided extrusion according to difference.
Embodiment 3:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: 0.8% carbon, 4% tin, 25% nickel, 5% zinc, 3% bismuth, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.5% in this mixed powder; Wherein, tin to add with the form of Cu-Bi alloy with Cu-Zn alloy, bismuth with Cu-Ni alloy, zinc with Cu-Sn alloy, nickel that (bismuth does not exist with the form of solid solution in copper, and exist with the form of free state, be pseudo-alloy), surplus copper adds with atomized copper powder form; Carbon adds with graphite powder form;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 450MPa, being pressed into density is 6.8g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in vacuum atmosphere by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 850 DEG C, and sintering time is 45min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 300 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 15mm; As shown in Figure 2, the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and guide section is shaped to the circular cone shape that upper end is large, lower end is little, and between the hypotenuse of this frustum of a cone section and base, formed acute angles beta is 3 °; As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to one side extruding, wherein, 6a ', 6b ', 6c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of one side extruding, 6a according to difference ", 6b ", 6c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to one side extruding according to difference.
Embodiment 4:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: 25% nickel, 15% zinc, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 1% in this mixed powder; Wherein, nickel adds with the form of Cu-Zn alloy with Cu-Ni alloy, zinc, and surplus copper adds with atomized copper powder form;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 600MPa, being pressed into density is 7.2g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 75vol% by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 900 DEG C, and sintering time is 60min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 500 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 20mm; As shown in Figure 2, the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and guide section is shaped to the circular cone shape that upper end is large, lower end is little, and between the hypotenuse of this frustum of a cone section and base, formed acute angles beta is 5 °; As shown in Figure 7, Fig. 7 a, 7b, 7c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to two-sided extrusion, wherein, 7a ', 7b ', 7c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of two-sided extrusion, 7a according to difference ", 7b ", 7c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to two-sided extrusion according to difference.
Embodiment 5:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: 1.0% carbon, 0 ~ 10% nickel, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.5% in this mixed powder; Wherein, nickel adds with the form of Cu-Ni alloy, and surplus copper adds with atomized copper powder form; Carbon adds with graphite powder form;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 650MPa, being pressed into density is 7.4g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 20vol% by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 1060 DEG C, and sintering time is 50min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 600 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 5mm; As shown in Figure 3, the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and guide section from top to bottom end face diameter reduces and side is shaped to arc surface gradually; As shown in Figure 8, Fig. 8 a, 8b, 8c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to one side extruding, wherein, 8a ', 8b ', 8c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of one side extruding, 8a according to difference ", 8b ", 8c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to one side extruding according to difference.
Embodiment 6:
In the present embodiment, the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part comprises the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material composed of the following components: 5% tin, 6% bismuth, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 1% in this mixed powder; Wherein, tin adds with the form of Cu-Bi alloy with Cu-Sn alloy, bismuth, and surplus copper adds with atomized copper powder form;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure of 700MPa, being pressed into density is 7.0g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of hydrogeneous 30vol% by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 800 DEG C, and sintering time is 100min;
(5) extrude: first part green compact are preheated to 500 DEG C, are then extruded by part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 8mm; As shown in Figure 3, the extruding punch of employing comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and guide section from top to bottom end face diameter reduces and side is shaped to arc surface gradually; As shown in Figure 9, Fig. 9 a, 9b, 9c are respectively the structural representation according to this extruding punch of difference requirement employing, part green compact being carried out to two-sided extrusion, wherein, 9a ', 9b ', 9c ' require to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to the top view of two-sided extrusion, 9a according to difference ", 9b ", 9c " sectional view for requiring to adopt this extruding punch part green compact to be carried out to two-sided extrusion according to difference.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for copper-base powder metallurgy part, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) designing material composition: by weight percentage, use material to comprise 0 ~ 1.0% carbon, 0 ~ 15% tin, 0 ~ 25% nickel, 0 ~ 30% zinc, 0 ~ 6% bismuth, be no more than the inevitable impurity of 2% and the copper of surplus;
(2) batch mixing: form according to the material of step (1), each component is carried out being mixed to get mixed powder, and add the lubricant accounting for batch mixing gross mass 0.1 ~ 1% in this mixed powder;
(3) suppress: by step (2) gained compound under the pressure being greater than 300MPa, being pressed into density is 6.0 ~ 7.4g/cm
3part green compact;
(4) sinter: sintered in non-oxidizing atmosphere by step (3) gained part green compact, sintering temperature is 700 ~ 1090 DEG C, and sintering time is 5 ~ 180min;
(5) extrude: extruded by step (4) gained part green compact, the extruding degree of depth is 1 ~ 30mm.
2. the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the copper described in step (1) adds with any one or multiple form in copper powder, Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Cu-Bi alloy.
3. the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and it is 125 ° ~ 130 ° coniform that described guide section is shaped to coning angle.
4. the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, described guide section is shaped to the circular cone shape that upper end is large, lower end is little, and between the hypotenuse of this frustum of a cone section and base, formed acute angle is 3 ° ~ 5 °.
5. the preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the extrusion process described in step (5), the extruding punch adopted comprises guide section and is connected to the sizing section of this guide section upper end, and described guide section from top to bottom end face diameter reduces and side is shaped to arc surface gradually.
6. the preparation method of the copper-base powder metallurgy part according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: described non-oxidizing atmosphere refers to the nitrogen nitrogen atmosphere of vacuum environment or hydrogeneous 1 ~ 75vol%.
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| JP2021185265A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2021-12-09 | アルマグ・ソシエタ・ペル・アチオニAlmag S.P.A. | Method for producing lead-free or low lead content brass billet and billet obtained thereby |
| CN106065444A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-02 | 柳州豪祥特科技有限公司 | Powder metallurgic method prepares the method for corronil material |
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