CN104952353B - Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device and experimental technique - Google Patents
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device and experimental technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN104952353B CN104952353B CN201510437629.7A CN201510437629A CN104952353B CN 104952353 B CN104952353 B CN 104952353B CN 201510437629 A CN201510437629 A CN 201510437629A CN 104952353 B CN104952353 B CN 104952353B
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device and experimental technique, including analog unit, the control pressurer system being connected with oiling QI KOU and the fuel-displaced QI KOU of analog unit and the Data Management Analysis system being connected with control pressurer system, analog unit includes top simulating chamber and bottom simulating chamber, top simulating chamber includes top simulating chamber base plate and the multiple traps being located on the simulating chamber base plate of top, the hole connecting trap with bottom simulating chamber it is equipped with between each trap with bottom simulating chamber, trap includes trap bottom surface and the trap portion being flexibly connected with trap bottom surface；Bottom simulation ceiling plate is movably connected in the top of bottom simulating chamber.The present invention sand body is delivered layer combine with multiple traps realize oil-gas migration, gathering comprehensive physical experiment, truly realize oil gas is filled the physical modeling of process in underground, associated analog experimental result can be that Gas Accumulation mechanism provides foundation, provides the parameter of Gas Accumulation for oil-gas exploration and exploitation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to experimental simulation device and the experimental technique of Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs, specifically, relate to a kind of experimental pressure controlled under many traps Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs physical simulating device and experimental technique, by changing model filling sand body physical property, model inclination angle and the change of filled pressure, thus the spike oil gas oil migration path when underground is by many traps and migration process.
Background technology
The oil gas gathering in underground occurs in trap, and therefore oil gas accumulation process in trap is the core content of Mechanisms of Petroleum Accumulation.Have accumulated be available for commercial scale exploitation trap be i.e. oil-gas reservoir, oil-gas reservoir is the target of oil-gas exploration and exploitation, and therefore the accumulation process of trap and trap is also the content of oil and gas industry special concern.The Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs of underground is that the oil gas generated from oil-producing conditions passes through delivery layer under buoyancy, sequentially enter the process of different trap by percolation and row for effect, therefore reflect real oil-gas accumulation process by many traps hydrocarbon migration and accumulation path of delivery layer connection.Meanwhile, the migration of oil gas is that therefore, the secondary migration of oil gas is the process of a kind of heterogencity flowing along path generation limited in channel range.Wherein, the power of the spread (stratigraphic dip etc.) of stratum form, the oozing property of hole of delivery layer and hydrocarbon charge pressure is extremely important to research oil-gas migration anisotropism process and Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Gas Accumulation process and mechanism are always geology of petroleum and natural gas and the industrial problem in science extremely paid close attention to of oil-gas exploration.Before the nineties in 20th century, the focus of Mechanisms of Petroleum Accumulation research is oil gas from hydrocarbon source rock to the delivery layer migration power of (primary migration), phase, process and geochemical effect thereof.Since the nineties in 20th century, the poly-behavior of oil gas fortune in carrier bed (secondary migration) is widely paid close attention to, this is because hydrocarbon fluid is a process the most inhomogenous at the secondary migration of delivery layer, even if in uniform pore media, the migration of hydrocarbon fluid also only along path limited in channel range occur (Schowalter, 1979；Demibicki et al.,1989；Catalan et al.,1992).May infer that from the migration phenomenon having observed that, path and process that on different scale, hydrocarbon fluid fortune is poly-may be much like, but still suffering from certain difference, some macroscopically can be considered the process the most heterogeneous on less yardstick (Luo Xiaorong, 2003) of homogenizing.Therefore the process that oil gas is migrated in underground is an extremely complex process being difficult to characterize.
The process that multiple traps are actually filled in various degree by the oil gas fortune collecting process in underground through delivery layer.Therefore, the hydrocarbon charging under many traps is the core content of Study on hydrocarbon reservoir formation process.Wherein the spill point of trap is particularly significant, and oil gas is after filled trap, and the point starting outwards to overflow is i.e. the spill point (spill point) of trap, and it is that trap can store the maximum amount of point of oil gas, the most outwards overflows less than this oil gas.The general area will irised out by spill point subsurface contour, is referred to as the closed area of this trap, and from trap, the peak of this reservoir is to the height above sea level discrepancy in elevation spill point, for the Guan Bi height of this trap.Petroleum industry is thought in early time, when oil gas generate in basin tailing edge updip direction to around migration in the trap that exceeds time, owing to natural gas is easiest to flowing in the pore media of rock, natural gas occupies the structure ring of pelvic floor hernia, and the structure ring that oil plants oneself relatively low, this pattern is referred to as " oil motive ring " distribution.But, oil-gas exploration later discloses, and the most petroleum distribution present the pattern of " gas heart oil ring ".This different Oil and gas distribution pattern is to be formed due to the different building up principle of oil gas, if the pattern of " gas heart oil ring " is exactly oil gas when many traps, assembles due to the different diversityes of spill point and is formed, so referred to as spillover-type oil-gas accumulation principle.
Gas Accumulation mechanism is oil-gas reservoir location and the basis of oil-gas exploration deployment.One of effective ways of physical simulation experiment room research hydro carbons Gas Accumulation mechanism.
The Chinese invention patent application of Publication No. CN 102808614A discloses a kind of oil-gas migration physical simulating device and oil-gas migration experimental technique, and described oil-gas migration physical simulating device includes: calorstat and the fill out sand tube being arranged in described calorstat.Shown oil-gas migration experimental technique, is arranged on the glass fill out sand tube of normal pressure in calorstat, uses crude oil to carry out oil and gas secondary migration experiment, and carries out visible observation, carries out the research of oil gas macroscopic view migration process；The rustless steel fill out sand tube of high pressure is arranged in calorstat, uses crude oil to carry out oil and gas secondary migration experiment, carry out oil-gas migration process microconstituent Changeement.This invention is integrated with the simulation of oil and gas secondary migration visible physical and two functions of the not visible physical modeling of High Temperature High Pressure, oil and gas secondary migration macroscopic view migration process and microcosmic migration mechanism is studied and combines, improves the means of oil and gas secondary migration PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN.
The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 102720481A discloses a kind of Gas Accumulation emulated physics simulative experimental instrument, including sandbox, dynamical system, rotation and support system, described rotation and support system are connected with sandbox, described sandbox includes transparent cylinder body, logical oil-gas hole and sand loading mouth it is provided with on sandbox, sandbox inside bottom is filled with n sole piece, is tightly connected by sole piece adapter, wherein 7≤n≤13 between sole piece；Described dynamical system is arranged on below sandbox and is connected with the sole piece in sandbox.Tectonic movement is combined by the present invention with migration, the gathering of oil gas, oil gas migration before and after geological structure occurs in sand body, accumulation process can be simulated, three-dimensional oil-gas migration in prior art can be solved rare with gathering dynamic simulation experimental device, it is impossible to meet the problem that kinds of experiments requires.
The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 103018003A discloses a kind of unconformity structure body petroleum conduction predominant direction physical simulation system and experimental technique.Analog systems includes the analog subsystem connected by connexon system and injects subsystem, and described analog subsystem includes base and the simulator being installed on base, is provided with hole between described simulator and base, and base connects with connexon system；Described simulator is the longitudinal section transparent vessel in " U " type, and the cross section of simulator includes plate portion, trough-shaped portion and carinate part.Present invention is mainly used for disclosing unconformity structure body oil-gas migration predominant direction, simultaneously according to Geological background, change experiment condition, disclose unconformity structure body control and hide the mechanism of action, to instruct oil-gas stratigraphic deposits to explore.The present invention is 360 ° of all-transparent designs in appearance, and real-time three-dimensional observes oil gas migration state in unconformity structure body.Meanwhile, by changing inclination angle, quartz sand particle diameter, fill cup hydraulic etc., the influence factor that research oil gas is migrated along unconformity structure body.
The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 102590887A discloses a kind of fracture belt crude oil thickening mechanism experimental simulation system and experimental technique, including the analog subsystem connected by connexon system and injection subsystem, described analog subsystem includes fixed support and analog meter, analog meter is formed by two transparent glass tube obliques, long glass tubing simulation fracture belt, short glass tubing simulation reservoir, fixed support is in the form of annular discs, analog meter is fixed on support, can rotate with support, to change the inclination angle of fracture belt and reservoir；Inject subsystem to be made up of two glass infusers in column, contain simulated formation water for one, another contains crude oil, and the glass infuser containing simulated formation water is connected with the water filling port of short glass tubing by connexon system, and the glass infuser containing crude oil is connected with the pouring orifice of long glass tubing by connexon system.This analog systems and method can reveal that crude oil migration process in fracture belt and thickening governing factor thereof.
The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 104050858 A discloses a kind of trap and dynamically fills teaching mode and teaching method thereof, trap described in this invention dynamically fills teaching mode and includes tank, Trap Models it is provided with in tank, Trap Models side is provided with breather and the aerating device being connected with breather, model also includes the fixing device that Trap Models is fixed on bottom of gullet, Trap Models includes the protuberance that some inside is connected, protuberance boring, the top of one protuberance of Trap Models is provided with steam vent, steam vent is provided with matched stopper, support it is provided with bottom Trap Models, path is formed between adjacent supports and bottom of gullet.This invention according to the teaching mode that trap character makes have transparent, durable, be prone to the features such as preservation, but this invention model is single Trap Models, the mainly instructional function realized, student is made to pass through model views, the inside composition structure understanding all kinds of traps directly perceived and feature, the position of Dynamic Display spill point and oil gas overflow process, help student quickly to set up the space concept of trap.
Though from the foregoing, existing Gas Accumulation physical simulating method achieves the visualization feature from 2 d-to-3 d, but still suffering from following defect:
(1) existing Gas Accumulation mechanism physical modeling is substantially around fracture, plane of unconformity and the expansion of single sand body, or the teaching mode for single sand body concept, not yet have and can realize reflecting many traps oil-gas accumulation mechanism experiment analog that oil gas passes through different trap differential accumulations in underground.
(2) existing oil migration path physical simulating method or do not consider fill the pressure impact on simulaed path, or only only account for the inlet pressure impact on simulation experiment, owing to descending oil-gas migration to be arranged by migration agent practically, and strata pressure is one of important migration agent, and oil-gas migration process is affected by inlet pressure and outlet pressure simultaneously, the confined pressure during actual geology and the impact of pressure release condition.Therefore, prior art the most really solve voltage-controlled under simulating experiment technique.
(3) existing Physical Experiment model is all that filling sand body is carried out in single casing, these filling sand bodies are considered the delivery layer of oil gas, delivery layer and trap are not combined, therefore can only reflect the process of oil-gas migration, it is impossible to reflection oil gas carries out the accumulation process filled in trap.
(4) in existing physical simulation experiment system, mostly the quartz sand layer of filling is level design, and this can not reflect the feature of subsurface formations curved-surface shape, and the migration process of oil gas under tilted stratum, especially can not reflect the oil gas feature along structure ridge migration.
(5) device of more existing simulation oil-gas migrations, mainly observes oil-gas migration phenomenon, can not collect the oil gas product after experiment very well and quantitative analysis.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to drawbacks described above and the deficiency overcoming prior art to exist, provide a kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device and experimental technique, to realize the online quantitative simulation simulation oil gas under different pressures control, under the delivery layer UNICOM fortune collecting process through many traps, analyzing oil and gas migration and assemble rule and governing factor, in-depth is to the Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs origin cause of formation and the understanding of oil-gas distribution, oil-gas exploration for oil-gas bearing basin provides foundation, the most also can be well for experimental teaching service.
The technical scheme is that a kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device, including analog unit, the control pressurer system being connected with oiling QI KOU and the fuel-displaced QI KOU of analog unit and the Data Management Analysis system being connected with control pressurer system, described analog unit includes top simulating chamber and bottom simulating chamber, top simulating chamber includes top simulating chamber base plate and the multiple traps being located on the simulating chamber base plate of top, the hole connecting trap with bottom simulating chamber it is equipped with between each trap with bottom simulating chamber, described trap includes trap bottom surface and the trap portion being flexibly connected with trap bottom surface；Bottom simulation ceiling plate is movably connected in the top of bottom simulating chamber.Trap portion is flexibly connected with trap bottom surface, and bottom simulation ceiling plate is connected with the top movable of bottom simulating chamber, and the mode of this flexible connection meets the needs of sand loading.
As preferably, described top simulating chamber base plate and bottom simulation ceiling plate are set to all curved surfaces with " groove " and " ridge " shape structure, and this curved-surface structure of simulating chamber truly realizes tracking and the Gas Accumulation mechanism in Gas Accumulation path in curved surface stratum, underground.
As preferably, described connection trap is less than 250 microns with the aperture in the hole of bottom simulating chamber, this aperture is effective for particle diameter quartz sand leakproof more than 60 mesh, but the seepage flow of oil, gas and water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas and water can be passed through trap bottom surface, top simulating chamber base plate and bottom simulation ceiling plate and circulate up and down, whole analog is made to become effective entirety that a fluid can be the most through, but owing to sand control seepage is effective, sand body can not free landing, the most each trap is again independent, forms an independent Petroleum Accumulation System.
As preferably, described trap portion is that trap bottom surface is a part for top simulating chamber base plate, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with top simulating chamber base plate along top simulating chamber base plate bulbous protrusions upwards.
As preferably, described trap portion is that trap bottom surface is the installing plate being installed in the installing hole of top simulating chamber base plate, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with installing plate along top simulating chamber base plate bulbous protrusions upwards.
As preferably, described bottom simulation ceiling plate is top simulating chamber base plate.
Further, described experimental simulation device is additionally provided with the base with angle regulating function, and bottom simulating chamber is positioned on base, by inclination angle and the gradient of base regulation bottom simulating chamber, thus simulates gradient and the gradient of subsurface formations.
As preferably, described base is tetragonal body structure, the upper surface of base is provided with the supporting plate of activity, one end axle of supporting plate is connected on the end, one end of base, the other end is connected with the movable slip ring being sleeved on base other end end activity litter, supporting plate can be pulled by movable slip ring on movable litter up and down, and movable litter can tilt, to meet the needs of supporting plate upward sliding.Bottom simulating chamber is positioned on supporting plate.By the adjustment moving up and down inclination angle and the gradient realizing bottom simulating chamber of supporting plate, to simulate subsurface formations gradient and the gradient.
As preferably, described analog unit is made up of the safety glass of all-transparent, it is simple to observe the process of Gas Accumulation.
As preferably, described oiling QI KOU is positioned at the bottom of bottom simulating chamber, and fuel-displaced QI KOU is positioned at the top of bottom simulating chamber, and oiling QI KOU is that diagonal angle is arranged with fuel-displaced QI KOU, it is achieved that oil gas is poly-in the fully fortune of analog unit.When analog is closed by needs, fuel-displaced QI KOU can be closed.
As preferably, described control pressurer system includes that heterogeneous fluid is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system, described heterogeneous fluid is injected into mouth pressure control system and is connected with oiling QI KOU, and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system is connected with fuel-displaced QI KOU.
As preferably, described heterogeneous fluid is injected into oil transportation gas flexible pipe that mouth pressure control system includes that one end is connected with oiling QI KOU and is sequentially arranged at high pressure valve, pressure maintaining valve, Pressure gauge, flow instrument and the pressure-regulating valve on oil transportation gas flexible pipe, the other end of oil transportation gas flexible pipe connects defeated barrel of oil and gas, defeated barrel of oil and gas connects high-pressure pump, and high-pressure pump is connected with Data Management Analysis system with the system of analysis by fluid injecting data record；Described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil transportation gas flexible pipe at oiling QI KOU.
As preferably, described heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system includes that one end connects fuel-displaced QI KOU oil transportation gas flexible pipe and is sequentially arranged at the pressure-regulating valve on oil transportation gas flexible pipe and flow instrument, the other end of oil transportation gas flexible pipe connects the fluid output metering and analysis system being connected with Data Management Analysis system, and described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil transportation gas flexible pipe at fuel-displaced QI KOU.
When being simulated experiment, the inlet and outlet pressure control action to Gas Accumulation can be examined or check by changing inlet pressure and the size of outlet pressure.
Present invention also offers a kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method, use analog recited above, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test simulator equipment, the oil composition before experiment is carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) top board in trap portion and bottom simulating chamber is taken apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber.
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making sand body be fully contacted.
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, the inclination angle of bottom simulating chamber is adjusted.
(5) regulation control pressurer system, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject oil gas from oiling QI KOU.
(7) the observation crude oil poly-phenomenon of fortune in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the oil gas product after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested.
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(9) the oil gas product collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU is carried out geochemical detection.
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: sand body is delivered layer and combines with multiple traps and realize oil-gas migration by (1) experimental simulation device of the present invention, the comprehensive physical experiment assembled, this analog can conveniently change the inclination angle (i.e. reflecting stratigraphic dip) of analog unit, the physical property (i.e. the particle diameter of quartz sand body) of sand body in delivery layer, fill the change of pressure, the change etc. of spill point height, can truly realize oil gas is filled the physical modeling of process in underground, associated analog experimental result can be that Gas Accumulation mechanism provides foundation, the parameter of Gas Accumulation is provided for oil-gas exploration and exploitation.(2) simulating chamber of the present invention is the curved-surface structure containing " groove " and " ridge " structure, delivery inclination layer can change simultaneously, thus react the impact on Gas Accumulation of the tilted stratum gradient, with the real tracking realizing Gas Accumulation path in lower surface camber stratum, ground and Gas Accumulation mechanism.(3) can be according to pressure and the control of flow during simulation experiment of the present invention, it is achieved the control to simulation process, and filled pressure and outlet pressure, the flow velocity impact on Gas Accumulation.(4) present invention is 360 ° of all-transparent designs in appearance, and real-time three-dimensional observes the oil gas poly-state of fortune in different traps, it is achieved three-dimensional visualization feature.(5) present invention is also used as dynamic teaching experimental model, student can be made to pass through observing and nursing and experimentation, understanding oil gas process of differential accumulation in multi-turn closed system directly perceived, and the position of Dynamic Display spill point and oil gas overflow process, set up contacting of geologic map and subsurface three-dimensional space with can making student image, the stereoscopic image tool of space concept and underground oil and gas accumulation process that student quickly sets up trap has very great help.(6) present invention is by the collection of hydrocarbon fluids product, detection and geochemical analysis before and after experiment, analyzing as carried out chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS), can be by calculating parameter, and the change observing parameter carrys out reaction oil gas migration effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure chart of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of specific embodiment of the invention top simulating chamber.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the enlarged drawing of specific embodiment of the invention trap bottom surface.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of specific embodiment of the invention bottom simulating chamber.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the structural representation of specific embodiment of the invention base.
The experimentation schematic diagram that accompanying drawing 6 fills for specific embodiment of the invention oil.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the experimentation schematic diagram that gas fills after specific embodiment of the invention elder generation oil.
nullIn figure，1、Analog unit，2、Oiling QI KOU，3、Fuel-displaced QI KOU，4、Data Management Analysis system，5、Bottom simulating chamber，6、Top simulating chamber base plate，7、Trap I，8、Trap II，9、Trap III，10、Trap IV，11、Trap bottom surface，12、Trap portion，13、Bottom simulation ceiling plate，14、Base，15、Supporting plate，16、Movable litter，17、Movable slip ring， 18、Oil transportation gas flexible pipe，19、High pressure valve，20、Pressure maintaining valve，21、Pressure gauge，22、Flow instrument，23、Pressure-regulating valve，24、Defeated barrel of oil and gas，25、High-pressure pump，26、Fluid input data record and the system of analysis，27、Oil transportation gas flexible pipe，28、Pressure-regulating valve，29、Flow instrument，30、Fluid output metering and the system of analysis，31、Flooding point，32、Bolt.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and several embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: if Fig. 1 is to shown in 2, a kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device, the control pressurer system including analog unit 1, being connected with oiling QI KOU 2 and the fuel-displaced QI KOU 3 of analog unit 1 and the Data Management Analysis system 4 being connected with control pressurer system, analog unit 1 is made up of the safety glass of all-transparent, it is simple to observe the process of Gas Accumulation.Described analog unit 1 includes top simulating chamber and bottom simulating chamber 5, top simulating chamber includes top simulating chamber base plate 6 and 4 traps being located on top simulating chamber base plate 6, it is respectively trap I 7, trap II 8, trap III 9, trap IV 10, being equipped with the hole connecting trap with bottom simulating chamber 5 between each trap with bottom simulating chamber 5, described trap includes trap bottom surface 11 and the trap portion 12 being flexibly connected with trap bottom surface 11；Bottom simulation ceiling plate 13 is movably connected in the top of bottom simulating chamber 5.Trap portion 12 is flexibly connected with trap bottom surface 11, and bottom simulation ceiling plate 13 is connected with the top movable of bottom simulating chamber 5, and the mode of this flexible connection meets the needs of sand loading.
In the present embodiment, the aperture in hole described above is 200 microns, this aperture is effective to quartz sand leakproofs more than 75 mesh, but the seepage flow of oil, gas and water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas and water can be passed through trap bottom surface, top simulating chamber base plate 6 and bottom simulation ceiling plate about 13 and circulate, whole analog is made to become effective entirety that a fluid can be the most through, but owing to sand control seepage is effective, sand body can not free landing, the most each trap is again independent, forms an independent Petroleum Accumulation System.Analog unit can need the quartz sand body of filling different-grain diameter according to project, to detect the impact on Gas Accumulation of the sand body physical property.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, described top simulating chamber base plate 6 and bottom simulation ceiling plate 13 are set to all curved surfaces with " groove " and " ridge " shape structure, in the present embodiment, bottom simulation ceiling plate 13 is top simulating chamber base plate 6, and this curved-surface structure of simulating chamber truly realizes tracking and the Gas Accumulation mechanism in Gas Accumulation path in curved surface stratum, underground.
In the present embodiment, described trap portion 12 is that trap bottom surface 11 is a part for top simulating chamber base plate 6, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with top simulating chamber base plate 6 along top simulating chamber base plate 6 bulbous protrusions upwards.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned experimental simulation device is additionally provided with the base 14 with angle regulating function, and bottom simulating chamber 5 is positioned on base 14, regulated inclination alpha and the gradient of bottom simulating chamber 5 by base 14, thus simulate gradient and the gradient of subsurface formations.
As shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, base 14 mentioned above is tetragonal body structure, the upper surface of base 14 is provided with the supporting plate 15 of activity, one end axle of supporting plate 15 is connected on the end, one end of base 14, and the other end is connected with the movable slip ring 17 being sleeved on base 14 other end end activity litter 16, and supporting plate 15 can be pulled by movable slip ring 17 on movable litter 16 up and down, movable litter 16 can tilt, to meet the needs of supporting plate 15 upward sliding.Bottom simulating chamber 5 is positioned on supporting plate 15.By the adjustment moving up and down inclination alpha and the gradient realizing bottom simulating chamber 5 of supporting plate 15, to simulate subsurface formations gradient and the gradient.Under the control of supporting plate, analog unit can be arranged to different inclination alpha, has detected the occurrence impact on Gas Accumulation on stratum.
In the present embodiment, described analog unit 1 is made up of the safety glass of all-transparent, it is simple to observe the process of Gas Accumulation.
In the present embodiment, described oiling QI KOU 2 is positioned at the bottom of bottom simulating chamber 5, and fuel-displaced QI KOU 3 is positioned at the top of bottom simulating chamber 5, and oiling QI KOU 2 is arranged for diagonal angle with fuel-displaced QI KOU 3, it is achieved that oil gas is poly-in the fully fortune of analog unit 1.When analog is closed by needs, fuel-displaced QI KOU 3 can be closed.
In the present embodiment, described control pressurer system includes that heterogeneous fluid is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system, described heterogeneous fluid is injected into mouth pressure control system and is connected with oiling QI KOU 2, and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system is connected with fuel-displaced QI KOU 3.
Above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid is injected into oil transportation gas flexible pipe 16 that mouth pressure control system includes that one end is connected with oiling QI KOU and is sequentially arranged at the high pressure valve 19 on oil transportation gas flexible pipe 18, pressure maintaining valve 20, Pressure gauge 21, flow instrument 22 and pressure-regulating valve 23, the other end of oil transportation gas flexible pipe 18 connects defeated barrel of oil and gas 24, defeated barrel of oil and gas 24 connects high-pressure pump 25, and high-pressure pump 25 is connected with Data Management Analysis system 4 with analysis system 26 by fluid injecting data record；Described pressure-regulating valve 23 is positioned on the oil transportation gas flexible pipe 18 at oiling QI KOU 2.Using multiple pressure valve to realize the control to pressure, wherein, Pressure gauge 21 and flow instrument 22 play monitoring effect to injecting fluid intensity.
Above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system includes that one end connects fuel-displaced QI KOU oil transportation gas flexible pipe 27 and is sequentially arranged at the pressure-regulating valve 28 on oil transportation gas flexible pipe 27 and flow instrument 29, the other end of oil transportation gas flexible pipe 27 connects the fluid output metering and analysis system 28 being connected with Data Management Analysis system 4, and described pressure-regulating valve 28 is positioned on the oil transportation gas flexible pipe 27 at fuel-displaced QI KOU.Pressure release size when can flow out with convection cell when necessary plays control action.
When being simulated experiment, the inlet and outlet pressure control action to Gas Accumulation can be examined or check by changing inlet pressure and the size of outlet pressure.
In the present embodiment, described top simulating chamber base plate 6 is removably connected with bottom simulating chamber 5 by bolt 32.
The Gas Accumulation process in the multi-turn closed system structure connected with delivery layer can not only be observed by simulation experiment, oil-gas component before and after entrance analog can also be carried out geochemical detection, as carried out chromatography-mass spectroscopy detection, by the mutation analysis oil-gas migration effect phenomenon to biomarker parameter.
Embodiment 2: illustrating by the analogue experiment method that single crude oil fills as a example by scheme the present invention, the equipment used in experiment is the experimental simulation device described in embodiment 1.When being simulated experiment, bottom simulating chamber is used for simulating delivery layer, and top simulating chamber is used for simulating trap.Experiment use the kerosene dying redness replace crude oil.
A kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test experience analog equipment, the kerosene composition before experiment is carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) 4 trap portions and bottom are simulated ceiling plate to take apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber, wherein, the quartz sand of 500 micron grain sizes (32 mesh) being full of water is filled in 4 trap portions, as gritstone, bottom simulating chamber fills the quartz sand of 300 micron grain sizes (48 mesh) being full of water, as middle sandstone.
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making quartz sand be fully contacted.
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, drawing high the supporting plate on base, adjust inclination angle, be set to 30 degree, the inclination angle adjusting bottom simulating chamber is 30 degree.
(5) it is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system regulation inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject the kerosene dying redness from oiling QI KOU.
(7) the observation kerosene poly-phenomenon of fortune in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested.
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(9) kerosene products collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU is carried out geochemical detection.
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Fig. 6 is that in experimentation, revealable kerosene spill point raises under situation successively, and the experimental phenomena schematic diagram that oil gas is migrated along multi-turn closed system, assembled, in figure, arrow represents the Main way of oil-gas migration.Fig. 6 A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E are the carrying out with experiment, the phenomenon schematic diagram successively occurred.Fig. 6 A table is the migration and accumulation schematic diagram that kerosene injects in the near future, performance is that now kerosene is migrated laterally through the delivery layer that bottom simulation is indoor at buoyancy further aspect, on the other hand start to fill to trap I, this is owing in trap, sand body physical property is better than the sand body physical property that bottom simulating chamber (i.e. delivering layer) is inner, therefore kerosene migration resistance is little, and the filled effect in trap is the most more intensive.Fig. 6 B, after experience a period of time, starts to have observed kerosene clustering phenomena at trap I top, and now kerosene is by row for the water in drop body, gathers trap top.Fig. 6 C represents the carrying out with experiment, and after trap I fills with, kerosene is outwards overflowed by spill point, fills to trap II.Fig. 6 D represents proceeding with experiment, and after trap II is full of, kerosene is outwards overflowed by spill point, fills to trap III.After Fig. 6 E is presented to certain time, trap III is filled, and kerosene continues to fill to trap IV.Outside divided by upper phenomenon, during it is observed that the trap that kerosene raises successively to spill point in experimentation fills, generally from the process of trap I → trap, II → trap, III → trap IV, but be not strict in accordance with this process, in experimentation, before underfill during trap, there is a small amount of kerosene migration velocity fast, arrive entrance below trap below, trap below is filled.
Spill point above-mentioned is positioned at the position of the trap arcwall face than updip direction trap and top simulating chamber contacts baseplate, is the position starting after fluid is full of trap outwards to overflow.
Shown by experimental phenomena above-mentioned in the present embodiment, if basin exists the serial trap that same permeable formation is connected, and under the rising condition successively of its spill point, oil sources is from downdip direction and abundant amount, when there is the migration condition of inclination, oil can endlessly to updip direction migrate, the position, spill point filling trap at first is minimum, therefore from oil sources more close to trapped formation condition the best；If oil sources is sufficient, although farther apart trap infilling time is the most later, but still oil can be full of.The improvement of physical property can cause oil preferentially to migrate to trap, and the physical property condition therefore delivering layer is particularly significant to Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs, which determines the preferred direction of migration of oil.
Embodiment 3: as a example by natural gas origin scheme, experimental technique to the present invention illustrates after first crude oil, and the equipment used in experiment is the experimental simulation device described in embodiment 1.When being simulated experiment, bottom simulating chamber is used for simulating delivery layer, and top simulating chamber is used for simulating trap.Experiment use the kerosene dying redness replace crude oil.
A kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test experience analog equipment, the kerosene before experiment and gas component are carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) 4 trap portions and bottom are simulated ceiling plate to take apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber, wherein, the quartz sand of 500 micron grain sizes (32 mesh) being full of water is filled in 4 trap portions, as gritstone, bottom simulating chamber fills the quartz sand of 300 micron grain sizes (48 mesh) being full of water, as middle sandstone.
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making quartz sand be fully contacted.
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, drawing high the supporting plate on base, adjust inclination angle, be set to 30 degree, the inclination angle adjusting bottom simulating chamber is 30 degree.
(5) it is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system regulation inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject the kerosene dying redness from oiling QI KOU, after trap I is full of oil, and when filling 1/4 in trap II, start to change natural gas origin into.
(7) experimentation is observed kerosene transport poly-phenomenon and observe gas migration and natural gas in trap, expel the phenomenon of kerosene, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested and product of natural gas.
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(9) kerosene products collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU and product of natural gas are carried out geochemical detection.
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Fig. 7 is that in experimentation, revealable coal oil and gas raises under situation successively along spill point, the experimental phenomena schematic diagram that oil gas is migrated along multi-turn closed system, assembled.
Fig. 7 A, 7B, 7C are the migration and accumulation schematic diagram after kerosene injects, as the rule represented with Fig. 6 A, 6B, the 6C described in embodiment 2.After Fig. 7 D represents filled natural gas certain time, trap I is driven by natural gas from top down, kerosene, kerosene overflows from spill point, fills to trap II, and natural gas occupies the top of trap I, now trap major part takes for natural gas, and red kerosene only can be seen in bottom.After Fig. 7 E is presented to certain time, along with persistently filling of natural gas, kerosene is almost expelled trap I completely, therefore trap I is full of by natural gas, form natural gas pool, and the natural gas of excess is filled to trap II by spill point, and occupy the top of trap II.After Fig. 7 F is presented to certain time, along with persistently filling of natural gas, trap I and trap II are full of by natural gas, form natural gas pool, and the natural gas of excess is filled to trap III by spill point, and occupy the top of trap III.Outside divided by upper phenomenon, owing to gas migration ability is strong, during it is observed that the trap that natural gas raises successively to spill point in experimentation fills, generally from the process of trap I → trap, II → trap, III → trap IV, but be not the most strict in accordance with this process, in experimentation, portion of natural gas migration velocity is fast, arrive entrance below trap below, trap below is filled.
Shown by the above-mentioned experimental phenomena of the present embodiment, if basin exists the serial trap that same permeable formation is connected, and under the rising condition successively of its spill point, oil sources is from downdip direction and abundant amount, when there is the migration condition of inclination, and the closure above trap is good, due to the oil genesis time early, infilling time is early, first occupy the trap of bottom, when natural gas generates, and after starting to fill, the buoyancy of natural gas is more than the buoyancy of oil, therefore natural gas is under buoyancy, oil can be arranged downwards and replace out trap, thus form natural gas pool；Natural gas drive is to defer to spill point rising to arrange the process replaced successively for the process of oil, therefore the trap close to oil-gas-source that spill point is low can first be taken by natural gas, form natural gas pool, and away from the trap of oil-gas-source in the case of amount of natural gas deficiency, oil reservoir can be formed, therefore form the low innage of gas, the Distribution Pattern of gas heart oil ring.
Embodiment 4: unlike enforcement 1, in one many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device of embodiment 4, trap portion 12 is along top simulating chamber base plate 6 bulbous protrusions upwards, trap bottom surface, trap bottom surface 11 is the installing plate being installed in the installing hole of top simulating chamber base plate, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with installing plate.
In the present embodiment, connection trap is 150 microns with the aperture in the hole of bottom simulating chamber, this aperture is effective to quartz sand leakproofs more than 100 mesh, but the seepage flow of oil, gas and water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas and water can be passed through trap bottom surface, top simulating chamber base plate 6 and bottom simulation ceiling plate about 13 and circulate, whole analog is made to become effective entirety that a fluid can be the most through, but owing to sand control seepage is effective, sand body can not free landing, the most each trap is again independent, forms an independent Petroleum Accumulation System.Analog unit can need the quartz sand body of filling different-grain diameter according to project, to detect the impact on Gas Accumulation of the sand body physical property.
Embodiment 5: illustrating by the experimental technique that single crude oil fills as a example by scheme the present invention, the equipment used in experiment is the experimental simulation device described in embodiment 4.When being simulated experiment, bottom simulating chamber is used for simulating delivery layer, and top simulating chamber is used for simulating trap.Experiment use the kerosene dying redness replace crude oil.
A kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test experience analog equipment, the kerosene composition before experiment is carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) 4 trap portions and bottom are simulated ceiling plate to take apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber, wherein, the quartz sand of 500 micron grain sizes (32 mesh) being full of water is filled in 4 trap portions, as gritstone, bottom simulating chamber fills the quartz sand of 300 micron grain sizes (48 mesh) being full of water, as middle sandstone.
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making quartz sand be fully contacted.
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, drawing high the supporting plate on base, adjust inclination angle, be set to 30 degree, the inclination angle adjusting bottom simulating chamber is 30 degree.
(5) it is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system regulation inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject the kerosene dying redness from oiling QI KOU.
(7) the observation kerosene poly-phenomenon of fortune in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested.
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(9) kerosene products collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU is carried out geochemical detection.
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
In the present embodiment, in experimentation, revealable kerosene spill point raises under situation successively, and oil gas migrates along multi-turn closed system, the experimental phenomena assembled is as the experimental phenomena in embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6: as a example by natural gas origin scheme, experimental technique to the present invention illustrates after first crude oil, and the equipment used in experiment is the experimental simulation device described in embodiment 4.When being simulated experiment, bottom simulating chamber is used for simulating delivery layer, and top simulating chamber is used for simulating trap.Experiment use the kerosene dying redness replace crude oil.
A kind of many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test experience analog equipment, the kerosene before experiment and gas component are carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) 4 trap portions and bottom are simulated ceiling plate to take apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber, wherein, the quartz sand of 500 micron grain sizes (32 mesh) being full of water is filled in 4 trap portions, as gritstone, bottom simulating chamber fills the quartz sand of 300 micron grain sizes (48 mesh) being full of water, as middle sandstone.
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making quartz sand be fully contacted.
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, drawing high the supporting plate on base, adjust inclination angle, be set to 30 degree, the inclination angle adjusting bottom simulating chamber is 30 degree.
(5) it is injected into mouth pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output outlet pressure control system regulation inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject the kerosene dying redness from oiling QI KOU, after trap I is full of oil, and when filling 1/4 in trap II, start to change natural gas origin into.
(7) experimentation is observed kerosene transport poly-phenomenon and observe gas migration and natural gas in trap, expel the phenomenon of kerosene, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested and product of natural gas.
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(9) kerosene products collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU and product of natural gas are carried out geochemical detection.
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
In the present embodiment, in experimentation, revealable kerosene spill point raises under situation successively, and oil gas migrates along multi-turn closed system, the experimental phenomena assembled is as the experimental phenomena in embodiment 3.
From above-described embodiment, as the extension of above-described embodiment, according to the occurrence of actual formation, in order to truly realize the tracking in Gas Accumulation path in curved surface stratum, underground, the trap of different number can be designed and change the inclination angle of analog unit.
Above-described embodiment is used for explaining the present invention rather than limiting the invention, in the protection domain of spirit and claims of the present invention, and any modifications and changes that the present invention is made, both fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. trap hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device more than a kind, including analog unit, the control pressurer system being connected with oiling QI KOU and the fuel-displaced QI KOU of analog unit and the Data Management Analysis system being connected with control pressurer system, it is characterized in that: described analog unit includes top simulating chamber and bottom simulating chamber, top simulating chamber includes top simulating chamber base plate and the multiple traps being located on the simulating chamber base plate of top, the hole connecting trap with bottom simulating chamber it is equipped with between each trap with bottom simulating chamber, described trap includes trap bottom surface and the trap portion being flexibly connected with trap bottom surface, bottom simulation ceiling plate is movably connected in the top of bottom simulating chamber.
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described top simulating chamber base plate and bottom simulation ceiling plate are set to all curved surfaces with " groove " and " ridge " shape structure.
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described connection trap is less than 250 microns with the aperture in the hole of bottom simulating chamber.
4. according to the many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device described in claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that: described trap portion is along top simulating chamber base plate bulbous protrusions upwards, trap bottom surface is a part for top simulating chamber base plate, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with top simulating chamber base plate.
5. according to the many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device described in claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that: described trap portion is along top simulating chamber base plate bulbous protrusions upwards, trap bottom surface is the installing plate being installed in the installing hole of top simulating chamber base plate, and bulbous protrusions is flexibly connected with installing plate.
6. according to the many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device described in claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterised in that: described bottom simulation ceiling plate is top simulating chamber base plate.
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experimental simulation device is additionally provided with the base with angle regulating function, bottom simulating chamber is positioned on base, by inclination angle and the gradient of base regulation bottom simulating chamber.
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device the most according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described base is tetragonal body structure, the upper surface of base is provided with the supporting plate of activity, one end axle of supporting plate is connected on the end, one end of base, the other end is connected with the movable slip ring being sleeved on base other end end activity litter, and bottom simulating chamber is positioned on supporting plate.
Many traps hydrocarbon differential accumulation experimental simulation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described analog unit is made up of the safety glass of all-transparent；Described oiling QI KOU is positioned at the bottom of bottom simulating chamber, and fuel-displaced QI KOU is positioned at the top of bottom simulating chamber, and oiling QI KOU is that diagonal angle is arranged with oil-out.
10. the hydrocarbon differential accumulation analogue experiment method of trap more than, uses analog as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) simulation material is prepared, test simulator equipment, the oil composition before experiment is carried out detection and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment；
(2) top board in trap portion and bottom simulating chamber is taken apart, sand body is filled to trap portion and bottom simulating chamber；
(3) populated trap portion and bottom simulating chamber shaken and be compacted, making sand body be fully contacted；
(4) according to simulation experiment requirement, the inclination angle of bottom simulating chamber is adjusted；
(5) regulation control pressurer system, makes inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement；
(6) connect high-pressure pump, set charge velocity, start to inject oil gas from oiling QI KOU；
(7) observation Gas Accumulation phenomenon in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the oil gas product after fuel-displaced QI KOU collection is tested；
(8), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped；
(9) the oil gas product collected from fuel-displaced QI KOU is carried out geochemical detection；
(10) difference of data before and after the phenomenon of relative analysis experimentation and experiment, analyzes experimentation, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
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| CN105422090B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-05-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Hydrodynamic pool physical simulation experiment device and experimental method |
| CN107677793A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Study crude oil thickening factor and be thickened the simple experimental method of phenomenon |
| CN107705687B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2023-09-15 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Back inclined trap observation experimental device and application thereof |
| CN108387930B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-09-20 | 中山大学 | A kind of method of carbonate rock fault belt sealed harmonic drive |
| CN108564866A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-09-21 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of analogue experiment installation of oil-gas migration and Filling process |
| CN108230858A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of hydrocarbon reservoiring and the experiment device for teaching of transformation effect |
| CN108269482A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-10 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of polymorphic type trap and the three-dimensional visualization teaching mode of oil-gas reservoir |
| CN111429790B (en) * | 2020-05-16 | 2020-10-09 | 东北石油大学 | Device for simulating fault opening and closing and simulation method thereof |
| EP3926368B1 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-01-10 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Analyzing a hydrocarbon trap |
| CN114993885B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Deep sea deep layer oil and gas transportation and gathering visual experimental device under multi-field coupling effect |
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