CN104950257B - Open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system and method for testing - Google Patents
Open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system and method for testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104950257B CN104950257B CN201510368797.5A CN201510368797A CN104950257B CN 104950257 B CN104950257 B CN 104950257B CN 201510368797 A CN201510368797 A CN 201510368797A CN 104950257 B CN104950257 B CN 104950257B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system and method for testing, the system includes by the coaxially connected permanent-magnet synchronous load motor of torque sensor and is tested the conventional test system of open winding motor, the piezoelectric acceleration transducer set up on tested open winding motor housing, temperature sensor, motor inverter temperature sensor in motor inverter case, it is connected in parallel on the manual control panel on motor inverter, described torque sensor, rotary transformer, motor temperature sensor and motor inverter temperature sensor, piezoelectric acceleration transducer, motor current sensor and motor inverter current sensor, supply voltage sensor is connected with data collecting card communication respectively.Real-time, switching at runtime can be carried out to the winding state of open winding electric machine, the vibration of motor and torque ripple, the temperature rise of motor and inverter system in handoff procedure can be achieved and measures.
Description
Technical field
Surveyed the present invention relates to a kind of test bed apparatus of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor and based on the test device
The method for trying open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor service behaviour.
Background technology
In recent years, the new energy vehicle such as hybrid vehicle, pure electric automobile and fuel cell car flourishes.
In new energy vehicle, the electric drive technology by power source of motor is widely used, also to dynamic motor for vehicle
More strict requirements are proposed, this promotes the birth of various New-type electric machines and electric drive technology.By permagnetic synchronous motor
A kind of New-type electric machine developed --- open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is exactly one of them.The motor has permanent magnetism same
The all advantages of motor are walked, and, speed adjustable range more flexible than permagnetic synchronous motor control is big, is more suitable for the requirement for driving vehicle.
However, also very immature to the test stand system and method for testing of open winding electric machine both at home and abroad at present.Remove
Electromechanical testing stand can be adjusted in real time and outside the basic function requirement of the moment of torsion, rotating speed of measurement motor, it is open around
Group motor is related to the switching of operational mode.Such as simplest three phase, open formula winding electric machine, its operational mode just can be in Y shape
And switch between Δ shape.In handoff procedure, vibration and the torque ripple of motor body will be produced；And traditional electromechanical testing platform
Frame system can not carry out effective test to the vibration and torque ripple.In addition, open winding electric machine operational mode switching
One of essential condition is exactly the operational efficiency of motor and inverter, so should for the test stand system of open winding electric machine
Current motor and inverter efficiency can accurately be measured in real time.Moreover, open winding electric machine uses double inversions
Device system, its power component quantity is 2 times of common permagnetic synchronous motor, and its heat condition is also required to be directed to and careful
Test；The heat condition of motor body and inverter system is also required to be contrasted between motor difference operational mode；This is just
It is required that the test stand system can be tested and recorded to the temperature rise of motor body and inverter system.Further, since mesh
The open winding electric machine of preceding volume production is less, test stand system tackle various profiles, power, the number of windings it is different it is open around
Group motor has certain versatility；Testboard bay should be used common electric machine controller to control open winding electric machine
System.
In summary, existing electromechanical testing platform system can not be met has to open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor
Imitate and comprehensively test, it is necessary to develop a kind of test stand system and method for testing again for such motor.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the test stand system and method for testing of open winding electric machine are deposited at present to overcome
Technological deficiency, propose that a kind of open winding electric machine different to various profiles, power, the number of windings has certain general
The open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system and method for testing of property.
The open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system of the present invention, including pass through load motor support, driving electricity respectively
Machine support is arranged on the permanent-magnet synchronous load motor at a stand two ends and is tested open winding motor, by torque sensing
Device supporting is arranged on permanent-magnet synchronous load motor and the torque sensor being tested between open winding motor, torque sensing
The axle two ends of device pass through double diaphragm elastic couplings and the output shaft and permanent-magnet synchronous that are tested open winding motor respectively
The output shaft of load motor is connected, and is nested with the rotary transformer on permanent-magnet synchronous load motor output shaft, permanent-magnet synchronous load
Motor and tested open winding motor are respectively by load motor inverter and motor inverter parallel in direct current
On bus, the load motor controller that is connected on load motor inverter, the driving being connected on motor inverter electricity
Machine controller, it is arranged on the tested motor electric current between open winding motor and motor inverter circuit of connection
Sensor, be arranged on connection motor inverter and dc bus circuit between motor inverter current sensor, set
Put supply voltage sensor, computer and the data collecting card being connected with it by universal serial bus on dc bus；
Also include piezoelectric acceleration transducer, the drive being arranged on described tested open winding motor housing
Move motor temperature sensor, the motor inverter temperature sensor being arranged in motor inverter case, be connected in parallel on
Manual control panel on motor inverter, described torque sensor, rotary transformer, motor temperature sensor and
Motor inverter temperature sensor, piezoelectric acceleration transducer, motor current sensor and motor inversion
Device current sensor, supply voltage sensor are connected with data collecting card communication respectively；
Described manual control panel is made up of control circuit and operating circuit two parts：
Control circuit include low-voltage dc power supply DY, trigger sensor CG1, master switch K1, selector switch S1, S2, S3,
Contactor coil KD1, KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9, selector switch S1 2 branches are respectively with contacting
Device coil KD1, KD2 are composed in series selection circuit I, selector switch S2 3 branches respectively with contactor coil KD3, KD4,
KD5 is composed in series selection circuit II, and selector switch S3 4 branches are gone here and there with contactor coil KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 respectively
Joint group is into selection circuit III；Gone here and there after this 3 selection circuits are in parallel with low-voltage dc power supply DY, master switch K1, trigger sensor CG1
Connection；Trigger sensor CG1 interface h is connected with described data collecting card communication, is believed with the triggered time for transmitting winding switching
Number；
Operating circuit is made up of 9 loops, and contactor moving together contact KM1 is in series with loop 1, for by three phase, open formula
Winding electric machine switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM2 is in series with loop 2, for by three phase, open
Formula winding electric machine switches to maximum speed winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM3 is in series with loop 3, for five mutually to be opened
The formula winding electric machine of putting switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM4 is in series with loop 4, for by five phases
Open winding electric machine switches to transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM5 is in series with loop 5, for five mutually to be opened
The formula winding electric machine of putting switches to maximum speed winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM6 is in series with loop 6, for by seven phases
Open winding electric machine switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM7 is in series with loop 7, for by seven
Mutually open winding electric machine switches to First Transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM8 is in series with loop 8, for inciting somebody to action
Seven mutually open winding electric machines switch to the second transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM9 is in series with loop 9, is used for
Seven mutually open winding electric machines are switched into maximum speed winding state；The port in each loop respectively with motor inverter phase
Corresponding phase bridge arm midpoint is connected；Contactor moving together contact KM1, KM2, KM3, KM4, KM5, KM6, KM7 in operating circuit,
KM8, KM9 are controlled by contactor coil KD1, KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 in control circuit respectively.
The method of testing of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor based on test system of the present invention, including working region meter
Calculate, determine winding test and become winding test, the specific practice is as follows：
The working region for obtaining motor under each winding state is calculated by working region：
1) torque capacity Tmax0 under star winding state of number of motor phases m, peak power P, motor, invariable power are read
Area originates rotating speed n0 and maximum speed nmax0；
2) the winding state number that motor has is calculated
3) current motor winding state numbering i is made to take 1~(k-1) respectively, then the motor maximum torque under the i-th winding state
ForMotor invariable power area originates rotating speedMotor maximum speed is
4) under i-th (i=0,1 ..., k-1) winding state, the working region of motor is as follows：
As 0≤n<During ni, 0≤T≤Tmaxi；N is motor speed in formula, and T is Motor torque；
As ni≤n<During nmaxi, 0≤T≤9550P/n；
As n >=nmaxi, T=0.
Determine winding test：
The efficiency of the tested motor of each test point in motor working region, driving electricity are obtained by determining winding test
The working temperature indicators of the efficiency of machine inverter system, the operating temperature of tested motor and motor inverter system；
Under each winding state determine winding test after the completion of, will obtain under the winding state with motor rotating speed n, driving
Motor torque T is independent variable, motor efficiency etam, motor inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm, motor
Inverter temperature TiFor the collection of illustrative plates of dependent variable；
Comprise the following steps that：
1) according to the test precision to be reached, by experimenter's setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T, with true
The torque of each fixed test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；
Motor is placed in by the winding state for needing to test by manual control panel, dc bus power supply is connected, data are opened
Acquisition terminal machine, opens data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；Step 3 is carried out after each operating point loaded)；
3) after each operating point loaded, experimenter judges motor torque T, motor rotating speed n, and drives
Dynamic electric efficiency ηmAnd temperature Tm, motor inverter efficiency ηiWith temperature TiWhether reading is stablizedIf stable reading, experiment
Person records motor efficiency eta of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed nm, inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature
Tm, motor inverter system temperature Ti；This step is re-executed after otherwise waiting for above-mentioned every stable reading；
4 motors are unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Experimenter closes data acquisition switch, and dc bus breaks
Electricity；Computer export is using motor rotating speed n, torque T as independent variable, using current winding state working region as independent variable value
Scope, with motor efficiency etam, inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm, motor inverter system temperature TiFor because
The collection of illustrative plates of variable；
It is above-mentioned to determine winding test step 2) described in the loading sequence of motor operating point be：Rotating speed n is opened from Δ n
Begin, often gear increase Δ n, untill the maximum speed nmaxi under current winding state；Under every gear rotating speed n, torque T is from Δ T
Start, each test point increases Δ T, until peak torque is under the gear rotating speed determined by current winding state working region
Only.
It is above-mentioned to determine winding test step 3) described in motor efficiency etamBy formulaCalculate and obtain,
Motor inverter efficiency ηiIt is by formulaCalculate and obtain, wherein：T is the motor measured by torque sensor
Moment of torsion, n is the motor rotating speed measured by rotary transformer, and U is the busbar voltage measured by supply voltage sensor, I1It is
The singlephase drive current of electric measured by current sensor, I2Be by motor inverter current sensor measure it is single-phase inverse
Become device electric current, TmIt is the motor temperature measured by motor temperature sensor, TiIt is by motor inverter system temperature
The motor inverter system temperature that degree sensor is measured；Moment of torsion, rotating speed, the standard of efficiency stable reading are and steady-state value phase
Within poor 2%, the stable standard of temperature reading is to change in 60 seconds within 0.5 DEG C.
Become winding test：
Shaken by becoming instantaneous maximum of the tested motor of winding test acquisition when each test point carries out winding switching
Dynamic acceleration, the fluctuation of instantaneous peak torque, moment of torsion stabilization time index.Become after the completion of winding test, will obtain on any
What two adjacent windings switched, using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, maximum instantaneous when winding switches
Vibration acceleration amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the figure that the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is dependent variable
Spectrum.
Comprise the following steps that：
1) according to the winding test precision to be reached, setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T is become, to determine
The torque of each test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；Connect dc bus electricity
Source, opens data acquisition terminal machine, sets the machine winding number of phases；Open data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；And switch drive in order by manual control panel in each operating point
The winding state of dynamic motor；Every time switching motor winding state after be carried out step 3), 4)；
3) judge whether motor torque T is stablized within the 2% of steady-state valueIf it is, on data acquisition panel
Intercept since winding switch triggering moment to motor surface now vibration acceleration a and Motor torque T when
Domain curve；Otherwise wait for re-executing this step after Motor torque T is stable；
4) maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed n is extracted in the curve of interception
amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching；
5) motor is unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Close data acquisition switch, dc bus power-off；Meter
Calculation machine is exported using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration when winding switches
amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the collection of illustrative plates that the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is dependent variable.
Above-mentioned change winding test step 2) described in motor operating point loading sequence into：Rotating speed n is opened from Δ n
Begin, often gear increase Δ n, untill the maximum speed nmax in all winding states；Under every gear rotating speed n, torque T is from Δ T
Start, each test point increases Δ T, until maximum under the gear rotating speed determined by the union of all winding state working regions turn round
Untill square.The transfer sequence of each operating point motor winding state is in step 2, from working region residing for present operating point
In the torque capacity winding state that includes start, gradually drop to principle by the torque capacity of winding state working region, gradually
Switch to the maximum speed winding state included in working region residing for present operating point.
Above-mentioned change winding test step 3) described in T be the motor moment of torsion measured by torque sensor, a is by pressing
The vibration acceleration on the motor surface that electric-type acceleration transducer is measured；Become winding test step 4) described in moment of torsion it is steady
Timing t fix time when winding state switches, to a cycle of torque ripple in fluctuating range be no more than Steady Torque
2% terminate.
The open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system of the present invention has following excellent technique effect：
It is also very immature to the test stand system and method for testing of open winding electric machine both at home and abroad at present.Common electric machine
Testboard bay can adjust the simultaneously moment of torsion of measurement motor, rotating speed in real time, but can not carry out winding state to open winding electric machine
Switching.This test system can carry out real-time, switching at runtime in test process to the winding state of open winding electric machine.
In winding handoff procedure, vibration and the torque ripple of motor body will be produced, original test system can not be to the vibration, torque ripple
Dynamic and moment of torsion stabilization time is measured, and this test system can be carried out to the vibration and torque ripple, moment of torsion stabilization time
Measurement and record.Moreover, open winding electric machine uses twin inverter system, its power component quantity is common permanent magnetism
2 times of synchronous motor, its heat condition is also required to be directed to and careful test；Motor sheet between motor difference operational mode
The heat condition of body and inverter system is also required to be contrasted；This test system can be to motor body and inverter system
Temperature rise is tested and recorded.Further, since the open winding electric machine of volume production is less at present, this test system is to various outer
The different open winding electric machine of shape, power, the number of windings has certain versatility；Testboard bay can be made by manual control panel
Open winding electric machine is controlled with common electric machine controller, the open winding electric machine control special without exploitation
Device.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system composition structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system circuit connection diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of manual control panel 19 shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is that three phase, open formula winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected circuit diagram with inverter system, manual control panel；
Fig. 5 is that five mutually open winding permanent magnet synchronous motors are connected circuit diagram with inverter system, manual control panel；
Fig. 6 is that seven mutually open winding permanent magnet synchronous motors are connected circuit diagram with inverter system, manual control panel；
Fig. 7 is motor working region schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is working region calculation flow chart；
Fig. 9 is to determine winding test flow chart；
Figure 10 is to become winding test flow chart.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following examples.
Embodiment 1
Reference picture 1,2, a kind of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system, including pass through load motor support respectively
2nd, motor support 7 is arranged on the permanent-magnet synchronous load motor 1 at the two ends of a stand 23 and is tested open winding motor
8th, 6 are supported by torque sensor and is arranged on permanent-magnet synchronous load motor 1 and the torsion being tested between open winding motor 8
Square sensor 5, the axle two ends of torque sensor 5 drive electricity by double diaphragm elastic couplings 4 with tested open winding respectively
The output shaft of machine 8 is connected with the output shaft of permanent-magnet synchronous load motor 1, is nested with the output shaft of permanent-magnet synchronous load motor 1
Rotary transformer 3, permanent-magnet synchronous load motor 1 and tested open winding motor 8 pass through load motor inverter respectively
21 and motor inverter 15 be connected in parallel on dc bus 22, be connected on load motor inverter 21 load motor control
Device 20, the drive motor controller 14 being connected on motor inverter 15, it is arranged on the tested open winding driving of connection
Motor current sensor 13 between motor 8 and the circuit of motor inverter 15, it is arranged on connection motor inverter
Motor inverter current sensor 18 between 15 and the circuit of dc bus 22, the supply voltage being arranged on dc bus 22
Sensor 17, computer 11 and the data collecting card 12 being connected with it by USB；
The piezoelectric acceleration transducer 9 that also includes being arranged on the described tested open housing of winding motor 8,
Motor temperature sensor 10, the motor inverter temperature sensor being arranged on the housing of motor inverter 15
16th, it is connected in parallel on the manual control panel 19 on motor inverter 15, described torque sensor 5, rotary transformer 3, driving
Motor temperature sensor 10 and motor inverter temperature sensor 16, piezoelectric acceleration transducer 9, motor electric current
Sensor 13 and motor inverter current sensor 18, supply voltage sensor 17 are communicated with data collecting card 12 respectively to be connected
Connect；
Reference picture 3, described manual control panel 19 is made up of control circuit and operating circuit two parts：
Control circuit include low-voltage dc power supply DY, trigger sensor CG1, master switch K1, selector switch S1, S2, S3,
Contactor coil KD1, KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9, selector switch S1 2 branches are respectively with contacting
Device coil KD1, KD2 are composed in series selection circuit I, selector switch S2 3 branches respectively with contactor coil KD3, KD4,
KD5 is composed in series selection circuit II, and selector switch S3 4 branches are gone here and there with contactor coil KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 respectively
Joint group is into selection circuit III；Gone here and there after this 3 selection circuits are in parallel with low-voltage dc power supply DY, master switch K1, trigger sensor CG1
Connection；Trigger sensor CG1 interface h is connected with the described communication of data collecting card 12, to transmit the triggered time of winding switching
Signal；
Operating circuit is made up of 9 loops, and contactor moving together contact KM1 is in series with loop 1, for by three phase, open formula
Winding electric machine switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM2 is in series with loop 2, for by three phase, open
Formula winding electric machine switches to maximum speed winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM3 is in series with loop 3, for five mutually to be opened
The formula winding electric machine of putting switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM4 is in series with loop 4, for by five phases
Open winding electric machine switches to transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM5 is in series with loop 5, for five mutually to be opened
The formula winding electric machine of putting switches to maximum speed winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM6 is in series with loop 6, for by seven phases
Open winding electric machine switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM7 is in series with loop 7, for by seven
Mutually open winding electric machine switches to First Transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM8 is in series with loop 8, for inciting somebody to action
Seven mutually open winding electric machines switch to the second transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM9 is in series with loop 9, is used for
Seven mutually open winding electric machines are switched into maximum speed winding state；The port in each loop respectively with motor inverter 15
Corresponding phase bridge arm midpoint is connected；Contactor moving together contact KM1, KM2, KM3, KM4, KM5, KM6 in operating circuit,
KM7, KM8, KM9 are controlled by contactor coil KD1, KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 in control circuit respectively
System.
As shown in Figs. 4-6,14 ports in operating circuit are connected with the inverter system of motor as follows
Connect：When testing seven mutually open winding electric machines, a~g of manual control panel port connect respectively motor inverter system a~
G phase bridge arms midpoint, manual control panel port a '~g ' lines connect motor inverter system a '~g ' phase bridge arms midpoint respectively.
When testing five mutually open winding electric machines, manual control panel port a~e and a '~e ' only need to be connected, its annexation is constant；Together
During reason test three phase, open formula winding electric machine, manual control panel port a~c lines and a '~c ' only need to be connected, its annexation is not
Become.
The control mechanism of manual control panel 19 is：
When switching K1 closures, manual control panel work now can in real time be switched by selector switch S1, S2, S3
The winding state of open winding electric machine；When switching K1 disconnections, manual control panel does not work, and now needs to use special
Open winding electric machine controller is controlled to motor.When using three phase, open formula winding electric machine, pass through selector switch
S1 carries out winding switching control to motor；When using five mutually open winding electric machines, motor is entered by selector switch S2
Row winding switching control；When using seven mutually open winding electric machines, winding switching is carried out to motor by selector switch S3
Control.
Motor with n phase windings, its winding state number having is (n+1)/2.So, three-phase winding motor has 2
Winding state is planted, five phase winding motors have 3 kinds of winding states, and seven phase winding motors have 4 kinds of winding states.Each winding state
Corresponding motor maximum torque is different from maximum speed.When being switched to another winding state from a certain winding state, if most
High pulling torque declines, and maximum speed will rise, and vice versa.Then, motor has a peak torque winding state, and one most
High rotating speed winding state.If motor, which has, is more than 2 kinds of winding states, then peak torque winding state and maximum speed around
There are some transition winding states between group state.Selector switch S1 controls three-phase winding motor, wherein contactor KM1 contacts
During closure, three-phase winding motor is in peak torque winding state；During the contactor KM2 closings of contact, three-phase winding motor is in
Maximum speed winding state.Selector switch S2 control five phase winding motors, wherein the contactor KM3 closings of contact when, five around
Group motor is in peak torque winding state；During the contactor KM4 closings of contact, five phase winding motors are in transition winding state；
During the contactor KM5 closings of contact, five phase winding motors are in maximum speed winding state.Selector switch S3 controls seven phase windings
During motor, the wherein contactor KM6 closings of contact, seven phase winding motors are in peak torque winding state；Contactor KM7 is closed contact
During conjunction, seven phase winding motors are in First Transition winding state；During the contactor KM8 closings of contact, seven phase winding motors are in the
Two transition winding states；During the contactor KM9 closings of contact, seven phase winding motors are in maximum speed winding state.
Embodiment 2
It is synchronous to open winding permanent magnet based on the open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system described in embodiment 1
The method of testing of motor, including working region calculate, determine winding test and become winding test, and the specific practice is as follows：
The working region (reference picture 8) for obtaining motor under each winding state is calculated by working region：
1) torque capacity Tmax0 under star winding state of number of motor phases m, peak power P, motor, invariable power are read
Area originates rotating speed n0 and maximum speed nmax0；
2) the winding state number that motor has is calculated
3) current motor winding state numbering i is made to take 1~(k-1) respectively, then the motor maximum torque under the i-th winding state
ForMotor invariable power area originates rotating speedMotor maximum speed is
4) under i-th (i=0,1 ..., k-1) winding state, the working region of motor is as follows：
As 0≤n<During ni, 0≤T≤Tmaxi；N is motor speed in formula, and T is Motor torque；
As ni≤n<During nmaxi, 0≤T≤9550P/n；
As n >=nmaxi, T=0.
In working region, motor could normal safe operation.Working region under each winding state is turned with motor
One piece of area that speed is surrounded as abscissa, motor output torque as curve in the coordinate system of ordinate.As shown in fig. 7, should
What figure was provided is the working region under five mutually open each winding states of winding electric machine：Abscissa is motor speed n, and ordinate is
Motor output torque T.The area that curve O-a1-a2-a3-a4 are surrounded is the corresponding workspace of peak torque winding state
Domain, the area that curve O-b1-b2-b3-b4 are surrounded is the corresponding working region of transition winding state, curve O-c1-
The area that c2-c3-c4 is surrounded is the corresponding working region of maximum speed winding state.The calculating of working region is by computer
What program was completed, torque capacity Tmax0 under star winding state of input number of motor phases n, peak power P, motor, invariable power
Area originates rotating speed n0, and maximum speed nmax0, output be exactly motor under each winding state working region in n-T coordinate systems
Under expression formula.Star winding state refers to each phase winding top of motor as terminals, and each phase winding end is connected together
Winding state.The theory of the basis of each winding state working region is the electromagnetic torque and electric machine phase current of motor output
It is proportional, and magnetic linkage seizes the opportunity proportional altogether for induced electromotive force and the motor speed and motor of motor stator.Profit
With the proportionate relationship of phase voltage under each winding state of line voltage identical, it is possible to calculate motor maximum under each winding state and turn
Proportionate relationship between square and maximum speed, so as to obtain working region of the motor under each winding state.
Determine winding test：
The efficiency of the tested motor of each test point in motor working region, driving electricity are obtained by determining winding test
The working temperature indicators of the efficiency of machine inverter system, the operating temperature of tested motor and motor inverter system；
Under each winding state determine winding test after the completion of, will obtain under the winding state with motor rotating speed n, driving
Motor torque T is independent variable, motor efficiency etam, motor inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm, motor
Inverter temperature TiFor the collection of illustrative plates of dependent variable；
Comprise the following steps that (reference picture 9)：
1) according to the test precision to be reached, by experimenter's setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T, with true
The torque of each fixed test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；
Motor is placed in by the winding state for needing to test by manual control panel, dc bus power supply is connected, data are opened
Acquisition terminal machine, opens data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；Step 3 is carried out after each operating point loaded)；
3) after each operating point loaded, experimenter judges motor torque T, motor rotating speed n, and drives
Dynamic electric efficiency ηmAnd temperature Tm, motor inverter efficiency ηiWith temperature TiWhether reading is stablizedIf stable reading, experiment
Person records motor efficiency eta of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed nm, inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature
Tm, motor inverter system temperature Ti；This step is re-executed after otherwise waiting for above-mentioned every stable reading；
4) motor is unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Experimenter closes data acquisition switch, dc bus
Power-off；Computer export is taken using motor rotating speed n, torque T as independent variable using current winding state working region as independent variable
It is worth scope, with motor efficiency etam, inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm, motor inverter system temperature TiFor
The collection of illustrative plates of dependent variable；
It is above-mentioned to determine winding test step 2) described in the loading sequence of motor operating point be：Rotating speed n is opened from Δ n
Begin, often gear increase Δ n, untill the maximum speed nmaxi under current winding state；Under every gear rotating speed n, torque T is from Δ T
Start, each test point increases Δ T, until peak torque is under the gear rotating speed determined by current winding state working region
Only.
It is above-mentioned to determine winding test step 3) described in motor efficiency etamBy formulaCalculate and obtain,
Motor inverter efficiency ηiIt is by formulaCalculate and obtain, wherein：T is the driving electricity measured by torque sensor 5
Machine moment of torsion, n is the motor rotating speed measured by rotary transformer 3, and U is the bus electricity measured by supply voltage sensor 17
Pressure, I1It is the singlephase drive current of electric measured by current sensor 13, I2It is to be surveyed by motor inverter current sensor 18
The single-phase inverter electric current obtained, TmIt is the motor temperature measured by motor temperature sensor 10, TiIt is by motor
The motor inverter system temperature that inverter system temperature sensor 16 is measured；Moment of torsion, rotating speed, the mark of efficiency stable reading
Standard is to be differed with steady-state value within 2%, and the stable standard of temperature reading is to change in 60 seconds within 0.5 DEG C.
Become winding test：
Shaken by becoming instantaneous maximum of the tested motor of winding test acquisition when each test point carries out winding switching
Dynamic acceleration, the fluctuation of instantaneous peak torque, moment of torsion stabilization time index.Become after the completion of winding test, will obtain on any
What two adjacent windings switched, using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, maximum instantaneous when winding switches
Vibration acceleration amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the figure that the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is dependent variable
Spectrum.
Comprise the following steps that (reference picture 10)：
1) according to the winding test precision to be reached, setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T is become, to determine
The torque of each test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；Connect dc bus electricity
Source, opens data acquisition terminal machine, sets the machine winding number of phases；Open data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；And switch drive in order by manual control panel in each operating point
The winding state of dynamic motor；Every time switching motor winding state after be carried out step 3), 4)；
3) judge whether motor torque T is stablized within the 2% of steady-state valueIf it is, on data acquisition panel
Intercept since winding switch triggering moment to motor surface now vibration acceleration a and Motor torque T when
Domain curve；Otherwise wait for re-executing this step after Motor torque T is stable；
4) maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed n is extracted in the curve of interception
amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching；
5) motor is unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Close data acquisition switch, dc bus power-off；Meter
Calculation machine is exported using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration when winding switches
amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the collection of illustrative plates that the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is dependent variable.
Above-mentioned change winding test step 2) described in motor operating point loading sequence into：Rotating speed n is opened from Δ n
Begin, often gear increase Δ n, untill the maximum speed nmax in all winding states；Under every gear rotating speed n, torque T is from Δ T
Start, each test point increases Δ T, until maximum under the gear rotating speed determined by the union of all winding state working regions turn round
Untill square.The transfer sequence of each operating point motor winding state is in step 2, from working region residing for present operating point
In the torque capacity winding state that includes start, gradually drop to principle by the torque capacity of winding state working region, gradually
Switch to the maximum speed winding state included in working region residing for present operating point.
Above-mentioned change winding test step 3) described in T be the motor moment of torsion measured by torque sensor 5, a be by
The vibration acceleration on the motor surface that piezoelectric acceleration transducer 9 is measured；Become winding test step 4) described in torsion
Square stabilization time t when winding state switches timing, to a cycle of torque ripple in fluctuating range be no more than stable state
The 2% of moment of torsion terminates.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor test system, including pass through load motor support (2), motor respectively
Support (7) be arranged on a stand (23) two ends permanent-magnet synchronous load motor (1) and be tested open winding motor (8),
(6) are supported by torque sensor to be arranged between permanent-magnet synchronous load motor (1) and tested open winding motor (8)
Torque sensor (5), the axle two ends of torque sensor (5) respectively by double diaphragm elastic couplings (4) with it is tested open
The output shaft of winding motor (8) is connected with the output shaft of permanent-magnet synchronous load motor (1), is nested with and loads electricity in permanent-magnet synchronous
Rotary transformer (3) on machine (1) output shaft, permanent-magnet synchronous load motor (1) and tested open winding motor (8) point
It is not connected in parallel on by load motor inverter (21) and motor inverter (15) on dc bus (22), is connected to load electricity
Load motor controller (20) on machine inverter (21), the drive motor controller being connected on motor inverter (15)
(14), it is arranged on the tested motor between open winding motor (8) and motor inverter (15) circuit of connection
Current sensor (13), the motor inversion being arranged between connection motor inverter (15) and dc bus (22) circuit
Device current sensor (18), the supply voltage sensor (17) being arranged on dc bus (22), computer (11) and logical with it
Cross the connected data collecting card (12) of USB；It is characterized in that：
The piezoelectric acceleration transducer (9) that also includes being arranged on described tested open winding motor (8) housing,
Motor temperature sensor (10), the motor inverter TEMP being arranged on motor inverter (15) housing
Device (16), the manual control panel (19) being connected in parallel on motor inverter (15), described torque sensor (5), rotation become
Depressor (3), motor temperature sensor (10) and motor inverter temperature sensor (16), piezoelectric type acceleration sensing
Device (9), motor current sensor (13) and motor inverter current sensor (18), supply voltage sensor (17)
It is connected respectively with data collecting card (12) communication；
Described manual control panel (19) is made up of control circuit and operating circuit two parts：
Controlling circuit includes low-voltage dc power supply DY, trigger sensor CG1, master switch K1, selector switch S1, S2, S3, contact
Device coil KD1, KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9, selector switch S1 2 branches respectively with contactor line
Circle KD1, KD2 are composed in series selection circuit I, and selector switch S2 3 branches are gone here and there with contactor coil KD3, KD4, KD5 respectively
Joint group is into selection circuit II, and selector switch S3 4 branches are connected group with contactor coil KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 respectively
Into selection circuit III；Connected after this 3 selection circuits are in parallel with low-voltage dc power supply DY, master switch K1, trigger sensor CG1；
Trigger sensor CG1 interface h is connected with described data collecting card (12) communication, is believed with the triggered time for transmitting winding switching
Number；
Operating circuit is made up of 9 loops, and contactor moving together contact KM1 is in series with loop 1, for by three phase, open formula winding
Motor switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM2 is in series with loop 2, for by three phase, open
Formula winding motor switches to maximum speed winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM3 is in series with loop 3, for by five
Mutually open winding motor switches to torque capacity winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM4 is in series with loop 4, is used
In five mutually open winding motors are switched into transition winding state；Contactor moving together contact KM5 is in series with loop 5,
For five mutually open winding motors to be switched into maximum speed winding state；Contactor dynamic circuit connector is in series with loop 6 to touch
Point KM6, for seven mutually open winding motors to be switched into torque capacity winding state；Contactor is in series with loop 7
Moving together contact KM7, for seven mutually open winding motors to be switched into First Transition winding state；It is in series with loop 8
Contactor moving together contact KM8, for seven mutually open winding motors to be switched into the second transition winding state；In loop 9
Contactor moving together contact KM9 is in series with, for seven mutually open winding motors to be switched into maximum speed winding state；Respectively
The phase bridge arm midpoint corresponding with motor inverter (15) is connected respectively for the port in loop；Contactor in operating circuit
Moving together contact KM1, KM2, KM3, KM4, KM5, KM6, KM7, KM8, KM9 respectively by the contactor coil KD1 in control circuit,
KD2, KD3, KD4, KD5, KD6, KD7, KD8, KD9 are controlled.
2. a kind of method of testing of the open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor based on test system described in claim 1, including work
Make region to calculate, determine winding test and become winding test, the specific practice is as follows：
The working region for obtaining motor under each winding state is calculated by working region：
1) number of motor phases m, the torque capacity T of peak power P, motor under star winding state are readmax0, invariable power area starting
Rotating speed n0With maximum speed nmax0；
2) the winding state number that motor has is calculated
3) current motor winding state numbering i is made to take 1~(k-1) respectively, then the motor maximum torque under the i-th winding state isMotor invariable power area originates rotating speedMotor maximum speed is
4) under i-th (i=0,1 ..., k-1) winding state, the working region of motor is as follows：
As 0≤n ＜ niWhen, 0≤T≤Tmaxi；N is motor speed in formula, and T is Motor torque；
Work as ni≤ n ＜ nmaxiWhen,
As n >=nmaxiWhen, T=0；
Determine winding test：
By determine winding test obtain in motor working region each test point be tested open winding motor efficiency,
The work temperature of the efficiency of motor inverter, the operating temperature for being tested open winding motor and motor inverter
Spend index；Under each winding state determine winding test after the completion of, turning with motor under the winding state will be obtained
Fast n, motor torque T are independent variable, motor efficiency etam, motor inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm、
Motor inverter temperature TiFor the collection of illustrative plates of dependent variable；
Comprise the following steps that：
1) it is each to determine by experimenter's setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T according to the test precision to be reached
The torque of individual test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；
Motor is placed in by the winding state for needing to test by manual control panel, dc bus power supply is connected, data acquisition is opened
Terminating machine, opens data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；Step 3 is carried out after each operating point loaded)；
3) after each operating point loaded, experimenter judges motor torque T, motor rotating speed n, and driving electricity
Engine efficiency ηmAnd temperature Tm, motor inverter efficiency ηiWith temperature TiWhether reading is stablized；If stable reading, experimenter's note
Lower motor efficiency eta of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed n of recordm, motor inverter efficiency ηi, motor
Temperature Tm, motor inverter temperature Ti；This step is re-executed after otherwise waiting for above-mentioned every stable reading；
4) motor is unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Experimenter closes data acquisition switch, and dc bus breaks
Electricity；Computer export is using motor rotating speed n, torque T as independent variable, using current winding state working region as independent variable value
Scope, with motor efficiency etam, motor inverter efficiency ηi, motor temperature Tm, motor inverter temperature Ti
For the collection of illustrative plates of dependent variable；
Become winding test：
It is instantaneous when each test point carries out winding switching by becoming the tested open winding motor of winding test acquisition
Maximum vibration acceleration, the fluctuation of instantaneous peak torque, moment of torsion stabilization time index；Become after the completion of winding test, will be closed
Switch in the adjacent winding of any two, using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, when winding switches most
Big instantaneous vibration acceleration amax, instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is because becoming
The collection of illustrative plates of amount；
Comprise the following steps that：
1) according to the winding test precision to be reached, setting test rotating speed interval delta n and torque interval delta T is become, to determine each
The torque of test job point, rotating speed；By the burned motor of program and load motor controller；Dc bus power supply is connected, is beaten
Data acquisition terminal machine is opened, the machine winding number of phases is set；Open data acquisition switch；
2) operating point of load driver motor in order；And switch driving electricity in order by manual control panel in each operating point
The winding state of machine；Every time switching motor winding state after be carried out step 3), 4)；
3) judge whether motor torque T is stablized within the 2% of steady-state value；If it is, being intercepted on data acquisition panel
The time domain of vibration acceleration a and Motor torque T since the triggering moment that winding switches to motor surface now are bent
Line；Otherwise wait for re-executing this step after Motor torque T is stable；
4) maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration a of the motor under current torque T, rotating speed n is extracted in the curve of interceptionmax, wink
When peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching；
5) motor is unloaded, and load motor rotating speed is gradually decreased to 0；Close data acquisition switch, dc bus power-off；Computer
Output is using motor rotating speed n, motor torque T as independent variable, maximum instantaneous vibration acceleration a when winding switchesmax、
Instantaneous peak torque fluctuation Δ TmaxAnd the collection of illustrative plates that the moment of torsion stabilization time t after winding switching is dependent variable.
3. the method for testing of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Determine winding examination
Test step 2) described in the loading sequence of motor operating point be：Rotating speed n is since Δ n, every grade of increase Δ n, until working as
Maximum speed n under front winding statemaxiUntill；Under every grade of rotating speed n, torque T is since Δ T, and each test point increases Δ
T, untill peak torque under this grade of rotating speed determined by current winding state working region.
4. the method for testing of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Determine winding examination
Test step 3) described in motor efficiency etamBy formulaCalculate and obtain, motor inverter efficiency ηi
By formulaCalculate and obtain, ηmWith ηiCalculating carry out in the computer (11), and display results in real time；Wherein：T be by
The motor moment of torsion that torque sensor (5) is measured, n is the motor rotating speed measured by rotary transformer (3), and U is by electricity
The busbar voltage that source voltage sensor (17) is measured, I1It is the singlephase drive motor measured by motor current sensor (13)
Electric current, I2It is the single-phase inverter electric current measured by motor inverter current sensor (18), TmIt is by motor temperature
The motor temperature that sensor (10) is measured, TiIt is the motor measured by motor inverter temperature sensor (16)
Inverter temperature；Moment of torsion, rotating speed, the standard of efficiency stable reading are to be differed with steady-state value within 2%, the stable mark of temperature reading
Standard is to change in 60 seconds within 0.5 DEG C.
5. the method for testing of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Become winding examination
Test step 2) described in the loading sequence of motor operating point be：Rotating speed n is since Δ n, every grade of increase Δ n, until institute
There is the maximum speed n in winding statemaxUntill；Under every grade of rotating speed n, torque T is since Δ T, and each test point increases Δ T,
Untill peak torque under this grade of rotating speed determined by the union of all winding state working regions；Each worked in step 2
The transfer sequence of point motor winding state is the torque capacity winding shape included from working region residing for present operating point
State starts, and principle is gradually dropped to by the torque capacity of winding state working region, gradually switches to work residing for present operating point
Make the maximum speed winding state included in region.
6. the method for testing of open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Become winding examination
Test step 3) described in T be the motor moment of torsion measured by torque sensor (5), a is by piezoelectric acceleration transducer
(9) vibration acceleration on the motor surface measured；Become winding test step 4) described in moment of torsion stabilization time t from winding
State switch when start timing, to a cycle of torque ripple in fluctuating range no more than Steady Torque 2% terminate.
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| CN113928590A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-14 | 西北工业大学太仓长三角研究院 | Electric aircraft propulsion system test platform based on modular permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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