CN104949751A - Intelligent acoustic velocity measurement experimental device and acoustic velocity measurement method - Google Patents
Intelligent acoustic velocity measurement experimental device and acoustic velocity measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent acoustic velocity measurement experimental device and an acoustic velocity measurement method, and belongs to the fields of physical experimental device and electronic information technology. The intelligent acoustic velocity measurement experimental device comprises a mechanical measurement device, a controlling and processing circuit and a case; the mechanical measurement device is arranged on the case and comprises a fixing plate, an ultrasonic wave emitting head, an ultrasonic wave receiving head, a vernier, a main scale, a sub scale, a movable bracket, a screw, a handle, a first gear, a second gear and an increment type encoder; the controlling and processing circuit is arranged in the case; on the one hand, the controlling and processing circuit drives the ultrasonic wave emitting head to emit ultrasonic wave, on the other hand, the controlling and processing circuit processes an ultrasonic wave signal received by the ultrasonic wave receiving head, calculates the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave and performs information transmission with peripheral equipment. The intelligent acoustic velocity measurement experimental device disclosed by the invention is low in cost, easy to operate and high in precision; two expensive apparatuses including a signal generator and an oscilloscope are not required; the acoustic velocity measurement is realized by a phase-comparison method or a time-difference method in an actual use process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to physics facility and electronic information technical field, specifically a kind of automatic record process device of related data in Sound Velocity Measurements.
Background technology
The velocity of sound is the physical quantity describing sound wave propagation characteristic in medium.Sound velocity determination technology is applied widely.Sound wave propagation needs medium, and the velocity of propagation of sound wave in medium is relevant with the factor such as characteristic and state of this medium.Therefore, by the mensuration to the velocity of sound, can also understand the characteristic of tested medium and state change, visible sound velocity determination is in actual production and in lifely have certain Practical significance.
Sound Velocity Measurements is also the important component part of college physical experiment teaching, but traditional acoustic velocity measurement device needs binding signal generator and the higher experimental apparatus of oscillograph two kinds of costs, and the problem such as experimentation also exists numerous and diverse, the consuming time length of operating process, easily makes mistakes, measuring accuracy is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of undesired signal generator and oscillograph, automatically record the experimental provision of related data in acoustic velocity measutement, concrete technical scheme is:
A kind of intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus, comprises mechanical measuring device, control treatment circuit and cabinet;
Described mechanical measuring device is positioned at above described cabinet, comprises fixed head, ultrasound wave emitting head, ultrasound wave Receiver, vernier, main scale, secondary chi, traversing carriage, leading screw, handle, the first gear, the second gear, incremental encoder;
Described fixed head is fixed on above described cabinet two ends, and described main scale two ends to be separately fixed on described fixed head and horizontal positioned, are provided with groove below described main scale; Described ultrasound wave emitting head is fixed on the fixed head of left side; Described leading screw is separately fixed on described fixed head through described traversing carriage, described leading screw two ends, described leading screw is positioned at below described main scale and parallel with described main scale; Described traversing carriage and described leading screw perpendicular, described traversing carriage is provided with screw thread with described leading screw junction, the upper end of described traversing carriage is provided with projection and vernier, in the groove that described projection snaps in below described main scale and can slide along described groove, described vernier can slide above described main scale, ultrasound wave Receiver is installed in described traversing carriage lower end, described ultrasound wave Receiver and the facing installation in the same horizontal line of described ultrasound wave emitting head;
Described incremental encoder is fixed on the fixed head of left side, and one end of described second gear and described leading screw is coaxially fixed, described first gear and described second gears meshing, and described first gear is fixed on the axle of described incremental encoder;
Described handle is fixedly connected with described secondary chi, and described secondary chi is fixedly connected with the other end of described leading screw;
Described control treatment circuit is positioned at described cabinet inside, described control treatment circuit drives ultrasound wave emitting head to launch ultrasound wave on the one hand, on the other hand the ultrasonic signal that ultrasound wave Receiver receives is carried out processing, calculating hyperacoustic velocity of propagation, and and carry out information transmission between peripherals.
Further, described control treatment circuit comprises microprocessor, power amplifier, bandpass filter, automatic gain controller, amplifier, waveform shaping circuit, difference comparator circuit and filter capacitor; Described bandpass filter, described automatic gain controller, described amplifier, described waveform shaping circuit, described difference comparator circuit, described filter capacitor, described microprocessor are connected successively with described power amplifier, the input end of described power amplifier connects an input end of described difference comparator circuit, an output terminal of described waveform shaping circuit connects described microprocessor, the output of described power amplifier connects described ultrasound wave emitting head, and described ultrasound wave Receiver connects described bandpass filter; The output of described incremental encoder connects described microprocessor.
Further, described incremental encoder is positioned at the outside of left side fixed head, and described first gear and described second gear are positioned at the inner side of left side fixed head.
Further, described handle and described secondary chi are positioned at the outside of right side fixed head.
Further, described peripherals is arranged on described case box, comprises pilot lamp, LCDs, power switch, button, signal output interface and signal behavior knob, power amplifier output interface, Received signal strength input interface; Described pilot lamp, described LCDs, described signal behavior knob are all connected with described microprocessor with described button.
Further, described control treatment circuit also comprises temperature detecting module, and the output of described temperature detecting module connects described microprocessor, and described temperature detecting module is used for real-time testing environment temperature.
Further, described microprocessor adopts STM32 single-chip microcomputer, described bandpass filter comprises operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, described automatic gain controller comprises AD603 and peripheral circuit, described amplifier comprises operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, described waveform shaping circuit comprises LM393 and peripheral circuit, and described difference comparator circuit comprises XOR gate 74LS86; Described temperature detecting module comprises DS18B20.
Further, described leading screw two ends are connected with described fixed head respectively by bearing; Described handle is fixedly connected with described secondary chi by screw thread.
Based on said apparatus, the invention allows for a kind of sonic velocity measurement method, comprise the steps:
Step 1: carry out electronic ruler calibration after device initialization, makes vernier be positioned at the zero graduation line place of main scale;
Step 2: control treatment circuit output frequency is the square-wave signal s1 of f, described square-wave signal drives ultrasound wave emitting head transmission frequency to be the ultrasound wave of f through power amplifier;
Step 3: the ultrasonic signal that ultrasound wave Receiver receives is converted to electric signal by control treatment circuit in real time, and is treated to square-wave signal s3;
Step 4: the phase differential judging square-wave signal s1 and square-wave signal s3, if phase differential is 0, the coordinate of record ultrasound wave Receiver;
Step 5: swinging handle, makes ultrasound wave Receiver move right, when judging that square-wave signal s1 and square-wave signal s3 phase differential are 0, and the coordinate of record ultrasound wave Receiver;
Step 6: repeated execution of steps 5, records n+1 coordinate;
Step 7: in n+1 the coordinate recorded in step 6, two adjacent coordinate differences are hyperacoustic wavelength X, calculate ultrasonic velocity angle value according to formula υ=f λ.
Compared to the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Traditional acoustic velocity measurement device needs binding signal generator and the higher experimental apparatus of oscillograph two kinds of costs, and the problem such as experimentation also exists numerous and diverse, the consuming time length of operating process, easily makes mistakes, measuring accuracy is low; The intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus cost that the present invention proposes is low, simple to operate, precision is high; Both can adopt phase-comparison method that time difference method also can be adopted to carry out Sound Velocity Measurements during actual use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view (FV) of the present invention's intelligence sound velocity testing experiment apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the stereographic map of the present invention's intelligence sound velocity testing experiment apparatus;
Fig. 3 is the control treatment circuit block diagram in the present invention's intelligence sound velocity testing experiment apparatus;
The theory diagram that Fig. 4 signal behavior exports.
Mark in figure, 1-signal behavior knob, 2-signal output interface, 3-ultrasound wave emitting head, 4-incremental encoder, 5-first gear, 6-second gear, 7-fixed head, 8-ultrasound wave Receiver, 9-traversing carriage, 10-vernier, 11-leading screw, 12-main scale, the secondary chi of 13-, 14-handle, 15-power switch, 16-cabinet, 17-power amplifier output interface, 18-Received signal strength input interface, 19-button, 20-pilot lamp, 21-LCDs.
Embodiment
First state: in describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end ", " interior ", orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " outward " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore limitation of the present invention can not be interpreted as.In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, be limited with " first ", the feature of " second " can express or impliedly comprise one or more these features.
The present invention proposes a kind of intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus, whole experimental provision circuit part take microprocessor as core, peripheral primarily of power amplifier, bandpass filter, automatic gain controller, amplifier, the compositions (as shown in Figure 3) such as waveform shaping circuit, difference comparator circuit, filter capacitor, temperature detecting module, button 19, pilot lamp 20, LCDs 21.Microprocessor output frequency is the square-wave signal s1 of f, and driving ultrasound wave emitting head 3 transmission frequency to be f phase place through power amplifier is α ultrasound wave; Ultrasound wave Receiver 8 receives the ultrasound wave that phase place is β, and Ultrasonic transformation is become electric signal, the clutter in bandpass filter filtering electric signal; Automatic gain controller makes the amplitude stability of electric signal; Electric signal is carried out amplification process by amplifier; Transform electrical signals is become square-wave signal s3 by waveform shaping circuit.Square-wave signal s1 and s3 exports square wave electric signal s4 after the process of difference comparator circuit; Electric signal s4 becomes DC signal s5 after filter capacitor; The magnitude of voltage of microcontroller acquires electric signal s5 also converts digital quantity to, judges the phase differential of signal s1 and signal s3; Thus judge launch ultrasound wave and receive hyperacoustic phase differential.Button 19 comprise Menu key, on move button, move down button, determine button, button is for switching beginning and the end of experiment model and Control release.LCDs 21 is for showing the related data in experimentation.Pilot lamp 20 is used to indicate the state in experimentation.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the mechanical measurement part of experimental provision is positioned at above cabinet 16, comprises fixed head 7, ultrasound wave emitting head 3, ultrasound wave Receiver 8, vernier 10, main scale 12, secondary chi 13, traversing carriage 9, leading screw 11, handle 14, first gear 5, second gear 6, incremental encoder 4, fixed head 7 is two, be separately fixed at above cabinet 16 two ends, the two ends of main scale 12 are separately fixed on fixed head 7, main scale 12 is provided with groove below, leading screw 11 is perpendicular with traversing carriage 9, and leading screw 11 is fixed on fixed head 7 through two ends after traversing carriage 9 respectively by bearing, ultrasound wave emitting head 3 is fixed on the fixed head 7 of left side, ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and vernier 10 are separately fixed at lower end and the upper end of traversing carriage 9, have in traversing carriage 9 screw thread can with leading screw 11 threaded engagement, leading screw upper end is also provided with projection, can slide along groove in the groove that described projection snaps in below main scale, vernier can slide on main scale, leading screw 11 rotates and traversing carriage 9 can be made to move horizontally on leading screw 11 direction.Together with handle 14 and secondary chi 13 are screwed in by screw thread, secondary chi 13 is fixedly connected with the axle of leading screw 11 right-hand member, and swinging handle 14 can drive secondary chi 13 to rotate together with leading screw 11.Leading screw 11 is provided with the second gear 6, second gear 6 is coaxially fixed with the left end of leading screw 11, the rotation of leading screw 11 drives the second gear 6 to rotate, and incremental encoder 4 is fixed on the fixed head 7 of left side, and the second gear 6 engages with the first gear 5 be arranged on incremental encoder 4 axle; Second gear 6 drives the first gear 5 to rotate, and the first gear 5 drives the axle of incremental encoder 4 to rotate; Microprocessor can calculate by the signal of catching incremental encoder 4 two-phase signal wire and exporting the angle that incremental encoder 4 axle turns over.
Need ultrasound wave emitting head 3 to be wired to power amplifier output interface 17 before enforcement Sound Velocity Measurements, power amplifier output interface 17 is connected with power amplifier at cabinet inside, ultrasound wave Receiver 8 is wired to Received signal strength input interface 18, and Received signal strength input interface 18 is connected with bandpass filter in cabinet 16 inside; And experimental provision is calibrated.Press experimental provision after power switch 15 and carry out initialization, after the menu key pushed button in 19, LCDs 21 shows Three models: electronic ruler calibration, phase-comparison method, time difference method.By on move button and move down button and choose electronic ruler calibration mode and press and determine that button can enter calibration mode.Electronic ruler calibration mode is specific as follows: vernier 10 is moved to the zero graduation line place of main scale 12 and presses and determine button by swinging handle 14, swinging handle 14 makes vernier 10 move to main scale 12 maximum scale line place again, press and determine that button can complete the calibration to electronic ruler: when rotating clockwise handle 14, handle 14 drives secondary chi 13 and leading screw 11 to rotate clockwise, and leading screw 11 drives traversing carriage 9 to move left and right; Leading screw 11 is provided with the second gear 6, leading screw 11 rotates drive second gear 6 and rotates, and the second gear 6 drives the first gear 5 to rotate, and the first gear 5 drives the axle of incremental encoder 4 to rotate; Incremental encoder 4 provides two-way square wave, the phase differential of two-way square wave 90 degree, is called A phase and B phase.The reading of A phase passage provides the information relevant with rotating speed, meanwhile, carries out order and contrasts, obtain the signal of sense of rotation by acquired B phase channel signal with A phase channel signal.Microprocessor can calculate by the signal of catching incremental encoder 4 two-phase signal wire and exporting the angle and direction that incremental encoder 4 axle turns over, thus calculates the coordinate of vernier 10 on traversing carriage 9; Vernier 10 is when the zero graduation line place of main scale 12, and the distance of ultrasound wave emitting head 3 and ultrasound wave Receiver 8 is fixed value L, so when ultrasound wave Receiver 8 moves, microprocessor can calculate the distance of ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and ultrasound wave Receiver 8.Main scale 12 range is 500mm, and leading screw 11 helical pitch that turns around is p=1mm, and the distance that namely handle 14 drives leading screw 11 to rotate circle traversing carriage 9 movement is 1mm; The resolution 1024P/R of incremental encoder 4, if vernier 10 moves to maximum scale line place microprocessor from zero graduation line and receives the pulse of m A phase and the pulse of m B phase that incremental encoder 4 sends, and A phase pulse advanced B phase pulse 90 degree all the time, then microprocessor receives m paired pulses and correspond to ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and move 500mm.Ideally, ignore the error of leading screw 11, transmission between incremental encoder 4 and the first gear 5, second gear 6, m=512000, reality is deviation slightly, is as the criterion with actual.If microprocessor receives the pulse of 1 A phase and the pulse of 1 B phase, and the advanced B phase pulse 90 degree of A phase, so, ultrasound wave Receiver correspondence is mobile
millimeter; Leading screw 11 helical pitch that turns around is p=1mm, secondary chi 13 has 100 scales, so the resolution of scale is
the reference diameter of the first gear 5 and the second gear 6 compares n=1:1; The resolution that then this experimental provision distance detects is:
in above-mentioned, microprocessor receives the pulse of m A phase and correspond to ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and move 500mm; If vernier 10 moves to X2 point from known X1 dotted line, microprocessor receives the pulse of n A phase and the pulse of n B phase of incremental encoder 4, and the advanced B phase pulse 90 degree all the time of A phase, then the coordinate of X2 point is
if vernier 10 moves to X3 point from known X1 dotted line, microprocessor receives the x paired pulses of incremental encoder 4, and A phase delayed B phase pulse all the time 90 degree, then the coordinate of X3 point is
This device measures the velocity of sound by phase-comparison method and time difference method two kinds of modes.
Embodiment 1: phase-comparison method
Select by menu key Dietary behavior after having calibrated, by move button and move down to press after button chooses phase-comparison method and determine that namely button enters phase-comparison method pattern and carry out Sound Velocity Measurements.The temperature value t of the experimental situation that microcomputer reads temperature detecting module exports after entering phase-comparison method, and pass through formula
calculate the theoretical value of the velocity of sound, wherein υ
0=331.45m/s, T
0the unit of=273.15K, t is degree Celsius.The theoretical value of the velocity of sound at current experiment environment temperature and this temperature is shown by LCDs 21.Clockwise direction swinging handle 14, handle 14 drives secondary chi 13 and leading screw 11 to rotate, leading screw 11 rotates and drives traversing carriage 9 to be moved to the left, until the zero graduation line place that the vernier 10 on traversing carriage 9 arrives main scale 12 presses determine button, current position coordinates can be set to 0 by microprocessor.Now microprocessor output frequency is the square-wave signal s1 of f, f=40kHz, specifically finely tunes according to the resonant frequency of actual ultrasound wave emitting head 3 and ultrasound wave Receiver 8.The phase place being f through power amplifier driving ultrasound wave emitting head 3 transmission frequency is α ultrasound wave; Ultrasound wave Receiver 8 receives the ultrasound wave that phase place is β, and Ultrasonic transformation is become electric signal; Clutter in bandpass filter filtering electric signal; During the signal intensity difference that ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and ultrasound wave emitting head 3 cause ultrasound wave Receiver to receive apart from difference, the amplitude of the electric signal that automatic gain controller exports also can be stabilized in certain value.Electric signal is carried out amplification process by amplifier; Transform electrical signals is become square-wave signal s3 by waveform shaping circuit.Signal s1 and signal s3 through differ comparator circuit relatively after export square wave electric signal s4; Electric signal s4 becomes analog electrical signal s5 after filter capacitor; The magnitude of voltage of microcontroller acquires analog electrical signal s5, microprocessor internal A/D converter converts analog electrical signal s5 to digital quantity, can calculate the phase differential of signal s1 and signal s3; Thus judge launch ultrasound wave and receive hyperacoustic phase differential.Meanwhile, microprocessor detects the coordinate figure at ultrasound wave Receiver 8 place in real time; Swinging handle 14, when ultrasound wave Receiver 8 moves right, if now launching ultrasound wave is 0 degree with receiving hyperacoustic phase differential, then the coordinate figure recording now ultrasound wave Receiver 8 is X0, and lights pilot lamp 20.Continue swinging handle 14, pilot lamp 20 extinguishes, and ultrasound wave Receiver moves right, until launching ultrasound wave with receiving hyperacoustic phase differential is 0 degree again, the coordinate recording ultrasound wave Receiver is this moment X1, repeats aforesaid operations, is recorded to n+1 coordinate always.The difference of adjacent two coordinates is hyperacoustic wavelength X that frequency is f; Microprocessor adopts graded subtract to calculate velocity of sound υ=f λ; Velocity of sound theoretical value υ has been tried to achieve when device initialization
t, microprocessor passes through formula
calculate the relative error of acoustic velocity measutement.Experiment terminates rear LCDs 21 and show the acoustic velocity value recorded, by the ultrasound wave wavelength above moving button and move down environment temperature when button checks experiment beginning, velocity of sound theoretical value, acoustic velocity measutement value, relative error and record each time.
Embodiment 2: time difference method
Select by Menu key Dietary behavior after having calibrated, by move button, move down button and switch and select to press after time difference method to determine that namely button enters time difference method pattern and carry out Sound Velocity Measurements.Clockwise direction swinging handle 14, handle 14 drives secondary chi 13 and leading screw 11 to rotate, leading screw 11 rotates and traversing carriage 9 is moved to the left, until the zero graduation line place that the vernier 10 on traversing carriage 9 arrives main scale 12 presses determine button, changing coordinates is set to 0 by microprocessor; The square-wave signal s6 in a string 8 cycles launched by microprocessor, square-wave signal s6 drives ultrasound wave emitting head 3 to launch ultrasound wave by power amplifier, ultrasonic propagation one segment distance, is received by ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and changes into electric signal, the clutter in bandpass filter filtering electric signal; Even if during the signal intensity difference that automatic gain controller makes ultrasound wave Receiver 8 and ultrasound wave emitting head 3 cause ultrasound wave Receiver to receive apart from difference, the amplitude of the electric signal that automatic gain controller exports also can be stabilized in certain value; Electric signal is carried out amplification process by amplifier; Transform electrical signals is become square-wave signal s7 by waveform shaping circuit; Waveform shaping circuit output signal is a string square wave containing 8 cycles; Microprocessor starts timing when the square wave in the 4th cycle of transmitting, timing is stopped when microprocessor receives the 4th cycle of the square-wave signal that waveform shaping circuit exports, obtain time value t, ignore the time that signal is propagated in circuit, t be ultrasound wave from ultrasound wave emitting head 3 to ultrasound wave Receiver 8 propagate time.Vernier 10 is moved to zero graduation line place press determine button after microprocessor output pulse string start timing, microprocessor is caught signal that waveform shaping circuit exports and is stopped timing obtaining time t0, and using t0 as the make-up time; Timing completes, and is lighted by pilot lamp 20; Continue swinging handle 14, ultrasound wave Receiver 8 moves to a certain position x
1, press and determine button, pilot lamp 20 extinguishes, microprocessor output pulse string start timing again, and microprocessor is caught signal that waveform shaping circuit exports and stopped timing, and obtain time t1 and light pilot lamp 20, then ultrasonic propagation distance is x
1required time T
1=t1-t0; Repeat aforesaid operations, record a n Distance geometry n time, (value of n can be determined according to actual conditions); Microprocessor according to
velocity of sound υ can be calculated
nwith pass through formula
calculate the mean value of the velocity of sound
pass through formula
calculate relative error.Experiment terminates rear LCDs 21 and shows the acoustic velocity value recorded, by above moving button, move down environment temperature, velocity of sound theoretical value, acoustic velocity measutement value, relative error and the distance x recorded each time when button checks that experiment starts and time t, and use least square method carry out curve fitting out with time t for independent variable, distance x is the straight-line equation of dependent variable.
When implementing Sound Velocity Measurements, not only can observe position coordinates, the transmitting ultrasound wave of ultrasound wave Receiver 8 by LCDs 21 and pilot lamp 20 and receive hyperacoustic phase differential, the location coordinate information of ultrasound wave Receiver 8 can also be read by main scale 12 and secondary chi 13, with wire oscillograph connection signal output interface 2 observed transmit, electric signal that the ultrasound wave that receives converts to and the waveform that exports after bandpass filter, automatic gain controller, amplifier, waveform shaping circuit, the process of difference comparator circuit.Signal output interface 2 has 4, be numbered 2-1,2-2,2-3,2-4,2-1 exports the sinusoidal signal of square-wave signal after filtering after device process that microprocessor exports, represent and launch hyperacoustic electric signal, the electric signal that the ultrasonic signal that 2-2 output ultrasonic wave Receiver 8 receives changes into, the electric signal that 2-3 output waveform shaping circuit and difference comparator circuit export after multiway analog switch, 2-4 exports the electric signal of electric signal after multiway analog switch of bandpass filter, automatic gain controller, amplifier, filter capacitor output.(2 signal behavior knobs are had by signal behavior knob 1, be respectively signal behavior knob A and signal behavior knob B) signal of selecting signal output interface 2 to export: the axle of signal behavior knob 1 and rotary coding switch is fixed, rotary coding switch refers to have one group of regular and switch electronic components and parts of strict sequential order pulse, by with the coordinating of IC, play and increase progressively, successively decrease, the functions such as page turning; Rotary coding switch exports the two paths of signals of phase 90 degree, and the signal that rotary coding switch output caught by microprocessor can judge the position that knob is screwed into, and then controls multiway analog switch and opens corresponding passage, export desired signal.
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram that signal behavior exports.The signal that the signal that the signal that ultrasound wave Receiver 8 receives, bandpass filter export, automatic gain controller export, the signal exported after filter capacitor filtering connect 4 independent input passages on the A road of multiway analog switch A respectively, the A road of multiway analog switch A shares the 2-4 that output channel receives signal output interface 2, two two I/O ports (I/O port) selecting input end to connect microprocessor respectively of multiway analog switch A; The signal that the signal that difference comparator circuit exports, waveform shaping circuit export connects wherein two of 4 independent input passages on the A road of multiway analog switch B respectively, the A road of multiway analog switch B shares the 2-3 that output channel receives signal output interface 2, two two I/O ports (I/O port) selecting input end to connect microprocessor respectively of multiway analog switch B.
Described bandpass filter is made up of operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, automatic gain controller is made up of AD603 and peripheral circuit, amplifier is made up of operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, waveform shaping circuit is made up of LM393 and peripheral circuit, and difference comparator circuit is made up of XOR gate 74LS86; Multiway analog switch is 74HC4052, and temperature detecting module is made up of DS18B20, and microprocessor is STM32 single-chip microcomputer.
The above is only for describing technical scheme of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; should be understood that under the prerequisite without prejudice to flesh and blood of the present invention and spirit, institute change, improve and be equal to replacement etc. all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus, is characterized in that, comprises mechanical measuring device, control treatment circuit and cabinet (16);
Described mechanical measuring device is positioned at above described cabinet (16), comprises fixed head (7), ultrasound wave emitting head (3), ultrasound wave Receiver (8), vernier (10), main scale (12), secondary chi (13), traversing carriage (9), leading screw (11), handle (14), the first gear (5), the second gear (6), incremental encoder (4);
Described fixed head (7) is fixed on above described cabinet (16) two ends, and described main scale (12) two ends are separately fixed at described fixed head (7) and go up and horizontal positioned, are provided with groove below described main scale, described ultrasound wave emitting head (3) is fixed on left side fixed head (7), through described traversing carriage (9), described leading screw (11) two ends, described leading screw (11) is separately fixed at that described fixed head (7) is upper, described leading screw (11) is positioned at described main scale (12) below and parallel with described main scale (12), described traversing carriage (9) is perpendicular with described leading screw (11), described traversing carriage (9) is upper is provided with screw thread with described leading screw (11) junction, the upper end of described traversing carriage (9) is provided with projection and vernier (10), can slide along described groove in the groove that described projection snaps in below described main scale (12), described vernier (10) can along (12) slip above described main scale, ultrasound wave Receiver (8) is installed in described traversing carriage (9) lower end, described ultrasound wave Receiver (8) and the facing installation in the same horizontal line of described ultrasound wave emitting head (3),
Described incremental encoder (4) is fixed on left side fixed head (7), described second gear (6) is coaxially fixed with one end of described leading screw (11), described first gear (5) is engaged with described second gear (6), and described first gear (5) is fixed on the axle of described incremental encoder (4);
Described handle (14) is fixedly connected with described secondary chi (13), and described secondary chi (13) is fixedly connected with the other end of described leading screw (11);
It is inner that described control treatment circuit is positioned at described cabinet (16), described control treatment circuit drives ultrasound wave emitting head (3) to launch ultrasound wave, carried out processing, calculating hyperacoustic velocity of propagation by the ultrasonic signal that ultrasound wave Receiver (8) receives on the other hand on the one hand, and and carries out information transmission between peripherals.
2. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control treatment circuit comprises microprocessor, power amplifier, bandpass filter, automatic gain controller, amplifier, waveform shaping circuit, difference comparator circuit and filter capacitor; Described bandpass filter, described automatic gain controller, described amplifier, described waveform shaping circuit, described difference comparator circuit, described filter capacitor, described microprocessor are connected successively with described power amplifier, the input end of described power amplifier connects an input end of described difference comparator circuit, an output terminal of described waveform shaping circuit connects described microprocessor, the output of described power amplifier connects described ultrasound wave emitting head (3), and described ultrasound wave Receiver (8) connects described bandpass filter; The output of described incremental encoder (4) connects described microprocessor.
3. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described incremental encoder (4) is positioned at the outside in left side fixed head (7), and described first gear (5) and described second gear (6) are positioned at the inner side in left side fixed head (7).
4. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described handle (14) and described secondary chi (13) are positioned at the outside on right side fixed head (7).
5. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described peripherals is arranged on described cabinet (16) casing, comprises pilot lamp (20), LCDs (21), power switch (15), button (19), signal output interface (2) and signal behavior knob (1), power amplifier output interface (17), Received signal strength input interface (18); Described pilot lamp (20), described LCDs (21), described signal behavior knob (1) are all connected with described microprocessor with described button (19).
6. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described control treatment circuit also comprises temperature detecting module, and the output of described temperature detecting module connects described microprocessor, and described temperature detecting module is used for real-time testing environment temperature.
7. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described microprocessor adopts STM32 single-chip microcomputer, described bandpass filter comprises operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, described automatic gain controller comprises AD603 and peripheral circuit, described amplifier comprises operational amplifier OP07 and peripheral circuit, and described waveform shaping circuit comprises LM393 and peripheral circuit, and described difference comparator circuit comprises XOR gate 74LS86; Described temperature detecting module comprises DS18B20.
8. the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described leading screw (11) two ends are connected with described fixed head (7) respectively by bearing; Described handle (14) is fixedly connected with described secondary chi (13) by screw thread.
9. the sonic velocity measurement method of the intelligent sound velocity testing experiment apparatus according to claim 1-8 any one, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: carry out electronic ruler calibration after device initialization, makes vernier be positioned at the zero graduation line place of main scale;
Step 2: control treatment circuit output frequency is the square-wave signal s1 of f, described square-wave signal drives ultrasound wave emitting head transmission frequency to be the ultrasound wave of f through power amplifier;
Step 3: the ultrasonic signal that ultrasound wave Receiver receives is converted to electric signal by control treatment circuit in real time, and is treated to square-wave signal s3;
Step 4: the phase differential judging square-wave signal s1 and square-wave signal s3, if phase differential is 0, the coordinate of record ultrasound wave Receiver;
Step 5: swinging handle, makes ultrasound wave Receiver move right, when judging that square-wave signal s1 and square-wave signal s3 phase differential are 0, and the coordinate of record ultrasound wave Receiver;
Step 6: repeated execution of steps 5, records n+1 coordinate;
Step 7: in n+1 the coordinate recorded in step 6, two adjacent coordinate differences are hyperacoustic wavelength X, calculate ultrasonic velocity angle value according to formula υ=f λ.
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| CN107103822A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-29 | 天津农学院 | A kind of ultrasonic experiment equipment for possessing a variety of detection functions and its application |
| CN107941320A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-20 | 三峡大学 | A kind of high-precision acoustic velocity measurement device based on phase difference |
| CN108180974A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-19 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of ultrasound two-slit interference acoustic velocity measutement instrument and its measuring method |
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| CN109521092A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-26 | 侬泰轲（昆山）检测科技有限公司 | A kind of non-contact measurement apparatus and its method of surface wave and the Lamb wave velocity of sound |
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| CN110231084A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of acoustic velocity measurement device and method for low-temperature and low-pressure |
| CN110398284A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-01 | 天津大学 | A kind of novel elastic wave metamaterial structure |
| CN111912512A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Sound velocity measuring device |
| CN114414028A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 重庆医科大学 | Device and method for measuring sound velocity of medium in sound wave guide tube based on sub-wavelength scale |
| CN114485896A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆医科大学 | Waveguide tube sound velocity measuring device and method based on polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film |
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| CN104457633B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-11-08 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of detection method improving ultrasonic displacement measurement precision |
| CN104457633A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Detecting method for improving measuring accuracy of ultrasonic displacement |
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| CN107941320A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-20 | 三峡大学 | A kind of high-precision acoustic velocity measurement device based on phase difference |
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| CN109000780A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-14 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of heating and cooling formula sound velocimeter |
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| CN109115326B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽大学 | Sound velocity measuring instrument with variable angle of receiving transducer and use method thereof |
| CN109521092A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-26 | 侬泰轲（昆山）检测科技有限公司 | A kind of non-contact measurement apparatus and its method of surface wave and the Lamb wave velocity of sound |
| CN109814092A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-28 | 北京跟踪与通信技术研究所 | A kind of spike sampling apparatus and method for laser ranging system |
| CN111912512A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Sound velocity measuring device |
| CN110231084A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of acoustic velocity measurement device and method for low-temperature and low-pressure |
| CN110231084B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2024-05-28 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Sound velocity measuring device and method for low temperature and low pressure |
| CN110398284A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-11-01 | 天津大学 | A kind of novel elastic wave metamaterial structure |
| CN110398284B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-05-18 | 天津大学 | Novel elastic wave metamaterial structure |
| CN114414028A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 重庆医科大学 | Device and method for measuring sound velocity of medium in sound wave guide tube based on sub-wavelength scale |
| CN114485896A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-13 | 重庆医科大学 | Waveguide tube sound velocity measuring device and method based on polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film |
| CN114414028B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-11-24 | 重庆医科大学 | Device and method for measuring sound velocity of medium in sound waveguide tube based on sub-wavelength scale |
| CN114485896B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-11-24 | 重庆医科大学 | Waveguide sound velocity measuring device and method based on polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric film |
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Application publication date: 20150930 |