CN104947670A - Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method - Google Patents
Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104947670A CN104947670A CN201510320522.4A CN201510320522A CN104947670A CN 104947670 A CN104947670 A CN 104947670A CN 201510320522 A CN201510320522 A CN 201510320522A CN 104947670 A CN104947670 A CN 104947670A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lifting
- main clamp
- steel sheet
- fixture
- clamping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lifting and clamping mechanism of a hydraulic pile planting machine and a pile planting method. The lifting and clamping mechanism of the hydraulic pile planting machine comprises a lifting mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a fixture fixing ring and a fixture rotation adjusting mechanism. The fixture fixing ring is fixed to the bottom of a side support of the lifting mechanism through bolts. The clamping mechanism is axially fixed to the bottom of the side support of the lifting mechanism through the fixture fixing ring. A worm of the fixture rotation adjusting mechanism is installed at the bottom of a vertical support of the lifting mechanism and fixedly connected with a main fixture of the clamping mechanism through bolts. Compared with the prior art, the lifting and clamping mechanism of the hydraulic pile planting machine and the pile planting method have the advantages that the huge clamping force and downward-pressing force can be achieved during pile pressing, the device is small in size and convenient to load, unload, transport and operate, and a pile driving device is more suitable for construction environments of city districts, building dense regions and narrow construction spaces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to an implant post equipment, particularly relate to a kind of lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver and plant piling method.
Background technology
The engineering mechanical device that current China enforcement piling work uses mainly adopts vibration to hit and pressure press mode.Wherein vibrating strike mode uses comparatively general, and use cost is low, and speed is fast, but noise is huge, produces resonance damage ground to surrounding buildings.And pressure method of press-fitting effectively avoids the generation of resonance and noise, it adopts hydraulic power, stake is directly pressed into underground, friction, noiselessness, and energy consumption is little, is effective compensation process of mode of vibration, but equipment is too huge, especially fixture part.During hydraulic pile, fixture part often will be born huge strength and could clamp pile body, and is pressed into underground, and the strength of bearing is very huge, thus at present use fixture often too huge, transport, installation, under upper stake stake all too bother, efficiency of construction is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver and plant piling method, huge clamping force and downforce when can either meet piling, equipment volume is small and exquisite simultaneously, be convenient to handling, transport, convenient operation, makes pile driving equipment be more suitable for the narrow and small construction operation environment of city proper, building dense region and construction space.
For achieving the above object, the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver, comprise elevating mechanism, clamp system, fixture retainer ring, fixture rotation regulating mechanism, described fixture retainer ring is bolted on the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand, clamp system is axially fixed in the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand by fixture retainer ring, the worm screw of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is arranged on the bottom that elevating mechanism erects support, and the worm gear of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is fixedly connected with the main clamp of clamp system by bolt.
Described elevating mechanism comprises hoist cylinder, lifting body, hoist cylinder cylinder body is bolted on the top that lifting body erects support, hoist cylinder piston stretches out the lower end that lifting body erects support and is fixedly connected with the loading arm of pile driver rotating box, and the slide rail of lifting body side is arranged on the slideway of rotating box.
Described lifting body comprises perpendicular support, side stand, slide rail, and described side stand is fixedly connected with perpendicular support, and the bottom of side stand is circular ring structure, and described slide rail is fixed on the opposite side of perpendicular support.
Described clamp system comprises main clamp, clamping cylinder, clamping cylinder backboard, chuck, fixing fixture block, main clamp is by fixture retainer ring and elevating mechanism side stand axial restraint, clamping cylinder is arranged on main clamp inside, clamping cylinder piston is fixedly connected with clamping cylinder backboard by bolt, add locking oil cylinder backboard to be fixedly connected with main clamp by bolt, chuck is fixed on the end that clamping cylinder stretches into main clamp jaws side, and the opposite side of main clamp jaws is provided with fixing fixture block.
Described fixture rotation regulating mechanism comprises turbine, worm screw, hydraulic motor, and scroll bar axle is fixedly connected with the output shaft of hydraulic motor, and turbine and worm screw engage each other.
Adopt the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver of right steel sheet pile to be planted to the method for stake, comprise the following steps:
1) when needs are planted, steel sheet pile is put into the jaws of main clamp, start clamping cylinder, by chuck and fixing fixture block, steel sheet pile is fixedly clamped;
2) regulated the anglec of rotation of turbine by hydraulic motor, turbine drives main clamp to rotate, and is aligned the position of steel sheet pile;
3) start hoist cylinder, make slide downward in slide rail on the lifting body slideway on pile driver rotating box, lifting body drives main clamp that steel sheet pile is implanted underground;
4) when needs pile pulling, start hoist cylinder, lifting body is raised to the upper end of steel sheet pile, the anglec of rotation of adjustment main clamp, makes main clamp jaws align steel sheet pile, reduces lifting body, is loaded by steel sheet pile in jaws;
5) start clamping cylinder, chuck and fixing fixture block are fixedly clamped steel sheet pile;
6) start hoist cylinder, lifting body is moved upward, drive main clamp to be extracted by steel sheet pile.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver and plant a piling method, under the prerequisite reaching downforce and clamping force, has effectively simplified structure, make it volume less, more reasonable structure, be more convenient for installing, dismantling, simple to operate, easy to maintenance, and stable performance.Solve current same category of device volume large, construction plant requires large, can not in the disadvantage of small space construction.Operating angle is adjusted more flexibly in work progress, this equipment in working order time under any construction angle, all can reach auto-lock function, ensure service behaviour, flexibility is strong and stable, meanwhile, compared with conventional gear reduction structure, worm gear and worm geared workpiece less, structure is more reduced the number of, and less concerning difficulty of processing main clamp, when breaking down, renewal part is easier.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A direction view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the B-B direction view of Fig. 2;
Perspective view when Fig. 4 is the lifting and clamping mechanism work of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver of the present invention;
In figure: 1. hoist cylinder 2. lifting body 2-1. erects support 2-2. side stand 3. worm screw 4. turbine 5. main clamp 6. fixture retainer ring 7. clamping cylinder backboard 8. clamping cylinder 9. chuck 10. and fixes fixture block 11. pile driver rotating box 12. loading arm 13. slideway 14. steel sheet pile 15. hydraulic motor 16. slide rail 17. jaws
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is described in detail, but it should be noted that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, a kind of lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver, comprise elevating mechanism, clamp system, fixture retainer ring 6, fixture rotation regulating mechanism, described fixture retainer ring 6 is bolted on the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand 2-2, clamp system is axially fixed in the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand 2-2 by fixture retainer ring 6, the worm screw 3 of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is arranged on the bottom that elevating mechanism erects support 2-1, and the worm gear 4 of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is fixedly connected with the main clamp 5 of clamp system by bolt.
Described elevating mechanism comprises hoist cylinder 1, lifting body 2, hoist cylinder 1 cylinder body is bolted on the top that lifting body erects support 2-1, the loading arm 12 that hoist cylinder 1 piston stretches out the lower end and pile driver rotating box 11 that lifting body erects support 2-1 is fixedly connected with, and the slide rail 13 of lifting body 2 side is arranged on the slideway 13 of rotating box 11.
Adopt 2 hoist cylinders 1 in the present embodiment, be arranged on the two ends that lifting body erects support 2-1 top respectively.
Described lifting body 2 comprises perpendicular support 2-1, side stand 2-2, slide rail 16, described side stand 2-2 is fixedly connected with perpendicular support 2-1, side stand 2-2 is from a side expenditure of perpendicular support 2-1, and the bottom of side stand 2-2 is circular ring structure, and described slide rail 16 is fixed on the opposite side of perpendicular support 2-1.
Described clamp system comprises main clamp 5, clamping cylinder 8, clamping cylinder backboard 7, chuck 9, fixing fixture block 10, main clamp 5 is by fixture retainer ring 6 and elevating mechanism side stand 2-2 axial restraint, it is inner that clamping cylinder 8 is arranged on main clamp 5, clamping cylinder 8 piston is fixedly connected with clamping cylinder backboard 7 by bolt, add locking oil cylinder backboard 7 to be fixedly connected with main clamp 5 by bolt, chuck 9 is fixed on the end that clamping cylinder stretches into main clamp jaws side, and the opposite side of main clamp jaws 17 is provided with fixing fixture block 10.
Be provided with one week groove in the upper end of main clamp 5, the inner circle of fixture retainer ring 6 is embedded in groove, and the cylindrical of fixture retainer ring 5 is fixed on the bottom of side stand 2-2.Main clamp 5 can rotate in fixture retainer ring 6.
The inside of main clamp 5 is provided with jaws 17, the main clamp 5 of jaws 17 side is processed with through hole, clamping cylinder 8 is arranged in through hole, oil cylinder piston is fixedly connected with main clamp 5 by clamping cylinder backboard 7, cylinder block to the motion that jaws 17 is stretched out and retracted, has chuck 9 at the end winding support of cylinder block in through hole.
Described fixture rotation regulating mechanism comprises turbine 4, worm screw 3, hydraulic motor 15, and scroll bar 3 axle is fixedly connected with the output shaft of hydraulic motor 15, and turbine 4 and worm screw 3 engage each other.Worm screw 3 can one end connecting fluid pressure motor, also can connect two hydraulic motors in two ends simultaneously.
Turbine 4 is arranged on the bottom of lifting body side stand 2-2, is fixedly connected with main clamp 5 by bolt.When hydraulic motor 15 drive worm screw 3, worm gear 4 rotate time, turbine 4 drives main clamp 5 to rotate, in order to regulate the orientation angles of steel sheet pile 14.Drive worm screw 3 to drive turbine 4 to realize the rotation of main clamp 5 by hydraulic motor 15, the angular adjustment of steel sheet pile 14 can be made with auto-lock function.
Adopt a kind of lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pressure pile driver steel sheet pile to be planted to the method for stake, comprise the following steps:
1) when needs are planted, steel sheet pile 14 is put into the jaws 17 of main clamp 5, start clamping cylinder 8, by chuck 9 and fixing fixture block 10, steel sheet pile 14 is fixedly clamped;
2) regulated the anglec of rotation of turbine 4 by hydraulic motor 15, turbine 4 drives main clamp 5 to rotate, and is aligned the position of steel sheet pile 14;
3) start hoist cylinder 1, make slide downward in slide rail 16 on lifting body 2 slideway 13 on pile driver rotating box 11, lifting body 2 drives main clamp 5 that steel sheet pile 14 is implanted underground;
4) when needs pile pulling, start hoist cylinder 1, lifting body 2 is raised to the upper end of steel sheet pile 14, the anglec of rotation of adjustment main clamp 5, makes main clamp jaws 17 align steel sheet pile 14, reduces lifting body 2, is loaded by steel sheet pile 14 in jaws 17;
5) start clamping cylinder 8, chuck 9 and fixing fixture block 10 are fixedly clamped steel sheet pile 14;
6) start hoist cylinder 1, lifting body 2 is moved upward, drive main clamp 5 to be extracted by steel sheet pile 14.
Claims (6)
1. the lifting and clamping mechanism of a hydraulic pressure pile driver, it is characterized in that: comprise elevating mechanism, clamp system, fixture retainer ring, fixture rotation regulating mechanism, described fixture retainer ring is bolted on the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand, clamp system is axially fixed in the bottom of elevating mechanism side stand by fixture retainer ring, the worm screw of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is arranged on the bottom that elevating mechanism erects support, and the worm gear of fixture rotation regulating mechanism is fixedly connected with the main clamp of clamp system by bolt.
2. the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described elevating mechanism comprises hoist cylinder, lifting body, hoist cylinder cylinder body is bolted on the top that lifting body erects support, hoist cylinder piston stretches out the lower end that lifting body erects support and is fixedly connected with the loading arm of pile driver rotating box, and the slide rail of lifting body side is arranged on the slideway of rotating box.
3. the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described lifting body comprises perpendicular support, side stand, slide rail, described side stand is fixedly connected with perpendicular support, and the bottom of side stand is circular ring structure, and described slide rail is fixed on the opposite side of perpendicular support.
4. the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described clamp system comprises main clamp, clamping cylinder, clamping cylinder backboard, chuck, fixing fixture block, main clamp is by fixture retainer ring and elevating mechanism side stand axial restraint, clamping cylinder is arranged on main clamp inside, clamping cylinder piston is fixedly connected with clamping cylinder backboard by bolt, add locking oil cylinder backboard to be fixedly connected with main clamp by bolt, chuck is fixed on the end that clamping cylinder stretches into main clamp jaws side, the opposite side of main clamp jaws is provided with fixing fixture block.
5. the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fixture rotation regulating mechanism comprises turbine, worm screw, hydraulic motor, scroll bar axle is fixedly connected with the output shaft of hydraulic motor, and turbine and worm screw engage each other.
6. adopt the lifting and clamping mechanism of a kind of hydraulic pressure pile driver according to claim 1 steel sheet pile to be planted to the method for stake, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) when needs are planted, steel sheet pile is put into the jaws of main clamp, start clamping cylinder, by chuck and fixing fixture block, steel sheet pile is fixedly clamped;
2) regulated the anglec of rotation of turbine by hydraulic motor, turbine drives main clamp to rotate, and is aligned the position of steel sheet pile;
3) start hoist cylinder, make slide downward in slide rail on the lifting body slideway on pile driver rotating box, lifting body drives main clamp that steel sheet pile is implanted underground;
4) when needs pile pulling, start hoist cylinder, lifting body is raised to the upper end of steel sheet pile, the anglec of rotation of adjustment main clamp, makes main clamp jaws align steel sheet pile, reduces lifting body, is loaded by steel sheet pile in jaws;
5) start clamping cylinder, chuck and fixing fixture block are fixedly clamped steel sheet pile;
6) start hoist cylinder, lifting body is moved upward, drive main clamp to be extracted by steel sheet pile.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510320522.4A CN104947670B (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2015-06-11 | Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510320522.4A CN104947670B (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2015-06-11 | Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104947670A true CN104947670A (en) | 2015-09-30 |
| CN104947670B CN104947670B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
Family
ID=54162689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510320522.4A Active CN104947670B (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2015-06-11 | Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104947670B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105297727A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-03 | 岩土科技股份有限公司 | Telescopic advancing friction type pile planting machine |
| CN107034886A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-11 | 武汉电力设备厂 | A kind of hydraulic static plants stake complete set of equipments and plants pile work method |
| CN108442375A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-08-24 | 中电建水环境治理技术有限公司 | Clip pile device and hydraulic pressure pile-grafting machine |
| CN109183795A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-11 | 张雅雅 | It is switched fast the static-pressure pile planting machine of different model pile driving construction |
| CN109440767A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 孙霞伢 | A kind of construction techniques |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60238522A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1985-11-27 | Giken Seisakusho:Kk | Ground penetrator |
| JPH08276455A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-22 | Shibata Ind Co Ltd | Multilayer rubber material and manufacture thereof |
| US20100116558A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2010-05-13 | Frank's Casing Crew & Rental Tools, Inc. | Method of Running a Pipe String Having an Outer Diameter Transition |
| CN103103986A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-15 | 常州市立威刀具有限公司 | Holding device of static pressure pile driver |
| CN203808071U (en) * | 2014-05-03 | 2014-09-03 | 李艳云 | Pile-twisting machine with three-plate top-clamp type jaw |
| CN104452761A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 湖北毅力机械有限公司 | Inner rotation clamping structure of pile machine |
| CN204825897U (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-12-02 | 鞍山紫竹工程设备制造有限公司 | Lift clamping mechanism of stake machine is planted to hydraulic pressure |
-
2015
- 2015-06-11 CN CN201510320522.4A patent/CN104947670B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60238522A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1985-11-27 | Giken Seisakusho:Kk | Ground penetrator |
| JPH08276455A (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-22 | Shibata Ind Co Ltd | Multilayer rubber material and manufacture thereof |
| US20100116558A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2010-05-13 | Frank's Casing Crew & Rental Tools, Inc. | Method of Running a Pipe String Having an Outer Diameter Transition |
| CN103103986A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-15 | 常州市立威刀具有限公司 | Holding device of static pressure pile driver |
| CN104452761A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 湖北毅力机械有限公司 | Inner rotation clamping structure of pile machine |
| CN203808071U (en) * | 2014-05-03 | 2014-09-03 | 李艳云 | Pile-twisting machine with three-plate top-clamp type jaw |
| CN204825897U (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-12-02 | 鞍山紫竹工程设备制造有限公司 | Lift clamping mechanism of stake machine is planted to hydraulic pressure |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 张传忠等: "液压振动插桩机设计", 《机械与电子》 * |
| 鄢飞: "抱夹式液压静力压桩机全液压自动压桩系统", 《建筑机械》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105297727A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-03 | 岩土科技股份有限公司 | Telescopic advancing friction type pile planting machine |
| CN107034886A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-11 | 武汉电力设备厂 | A kind of hydraulic static plants stake complete set of equipments and plants pile work method |
| CN108442375A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-08-24 | 中电建水环境治理技术有限公司 | Clip pile device and hydraulic pressure pile-grafting machine |
| CN108442375B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2024-05-17 | 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 | Pile clamping device and hydraulic pile planting machine |
| CN109440767A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 孙霞伢 | A kind of construction techniques |
| CN109183795A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-11 | 张雅雅 | It is switched fast the static-pressure pile planting machine of different model pile driving construction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104947670B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104947670A (en) | Lifting and clamping mechanism of hydraulic pile planting machine and pile planting method | |
| CN204825897U (en) | Lift clamping mechanism of stake machine is planted to hydraulic pressure | |
| CN103556649B (en) | The jacket levelling gear of offshore wind turbine | |
| CN111021355B (en) | Hoisting type cast-in-place pile head cutting device | |
| CN104895393B (en) | A kind of upender of cement pole | |
| CN204804450U (en) | Upender of cement pole | |
| CN102581603A (en) | Manipulator | |
| CN201276704Y (en) | Hydraulic vibrating pile machine | |
| CN102252163B (en) | Automatic loading and unloading machine of cylinder valve | |
| CN104863154A (en) | Rotating mechanism of hydraulic multifunctional pile driver | |
| CN204434180U (en) | A kind of province's apparatus for adjusting force of situ of drilling well sand pump | |
| CN113482126A (en) | Underground pipeline laying device for municipal drainage construction and use method thereof | |
| CN201972594U (en) | Multifunctional hydraulic pile driver | |
| CN110611410A (en) | Large-scale permanent magnetism direct drive formula aerogenerator rotor end cover plate assembly fixture | |
| CN108589791A (en) | A kind of installation equipment of municipal administration inspection well cover | |
| CN206942698U (en) | A kind of petroleum machinery drill pipe tong | |
| CN111502600B (en) | Holding rod traction type integrated oil pumping unit | |
| CN105666683A (en) | Overturning arm mechanism for pipe die and pile separation | |
| CN214657018U (en) | Vibrating hammer suitable for piling machinery | |
| CN101659006B (en) | Piston dismounting machine of oil cylinder seal head | |
| CN2931755Y (en) | Wheeled type rotary digging driller | |
| CN208216922U (en) | Rotating device is used in a kind of maintenance of dredger steel pile | |
| CN114232696A (en) | Auxiliary device for installing anti-floating anchor rod and installation method of anti-floating anchor rod | |
| CN203278526U (en) | Motor base position adjusting device | |
| CN107285124B (en) | Hydraulic rope winding machine for winding steel wire rope |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Double tower village 114000 Anshan city of Liaoning Province Qianshan Ningyuan town Patentee after: Anshan Zizhu high tech equipment manufacturing Co., Ltd Address before: Double tower village 114000 Anshan city of Liaoning Province Qianshan Ningyuan town Patentee before: ANSHAN ZIZHU ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |